scholarly journals Risk factors associated with the severity of COVID-19 in a region of the Brazilian Amazon

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Melo Sardinha ◽  
Rosane do Socorro Pompeu de Loiola ◽  
Ana Lúcia da Silva Ferreira ◽  
Carmem Aliandra Freire de Sá ◽  
Yan Corrêa Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
The State ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Brazilian Amazon Region

AbstractThe Brazilian Northern region registered a high incidence of COVID-19 cases, particularly in the state of Pará. The present study investigated the risk factors associated with the severity of COVID-19 in a Brazilian Amazon region of 100,819 cases. An epidemiological, cross-sectional, analytical and demographic study, analyzing data on confirmed cases for COVID-19 available at the Brazilian Ministry of Health's surveillance platform, was conducted. Variables such as, municipalities of residence, age, gender, signs and symptoms, comorbidities were included and associated with COVID-19 cases and outcomes. The spatial distribution was performed using the ArcGIS program. A total of 100,819 cases were evaluated. Overall, patients had the mean age of 42.3 years, were female (51.2%) and with lethality reaching 4.79% of cases. Main symptoms included fever (66.5%), cough (61.9%) and sore throat (39.8%). Regarding comorbidities, most of the patients presented cardiovascular disease (5.1%) and diabetes (4.2%). Neurological disease increased risk of death by nearly 15 times, followed by obesity (5.16 times) and immunodeficiency (5.09 time). The municipalities with the highest incidence rate were Parauapebas, Canaã dos Carajás and Jacareacanga. Similarity between the Lower Amazon, Marajó and Southwest mesoregions of Pará state were observed concerning the highest morbidity rates. The obtained data demonstrated that the majority of cases occurred among young adults, females, with the classic influenza symptoms and chronic diseases. Finally, data suggest that the highest incidences were no longer in the metropolitan region of the state. The higher lethality rate than in Brazil may be associated with the greater impacts of the disease in this Amazonian population, or factors associated with fragile epidemiological surveillance in the notification of cases of cure.

scholarly journals Factors associated with COVID-19 related hospitalisation, critical care admission and mortality using linked primary and secondary care data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Cummins ◽  
Irene Ebyarimpa ◽  
Nathan Cheetham ◽  
Victoria Tzortziou Brown ◽  
Katie Brennan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Additional Patient ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
North East ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractBackgroundTo identify risk factors associated with increased risk of hospitalisation, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality in inner North East London (NEL) during the first UK COVID-19 wave.MethodsMultivariate logistic regression analysis on linked primary and secondary care data from people aged 16 or older with confirmed COVID-19 infection between 01/02/2020-30/06/2020 determined odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI) and p-values for the association between demographic, deprivation and clinical factors with COVID-19 hospitalisation, ICU admission and mortality.ResultsOver the study period 1,781 people were diagnosed with COVID-19, of whom 1,195 (67%) were hospitalised, 152 (9%) admitted to ICU and 400 (23%) died. Results confirm previously identified risk factors: being male, or of Black or Asian ethnicity, or aged over 50. Obesity, type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) increased the risk of hospitalisation. Obesity increased the risk of being admitted to ICU. Underlying CKD, stroke and dementia in-creased the risk of death. Having learning disabilities was strongly associated with increased risk of death (OR=4.75, 95%CI=(1.91,11.84), p=0.001). Having three or four co-morbidities increased the risk of hospitalisation (OR=2.34,95%CI=(1.55,3.54),p<0.001;OR=2.40, 95%CI=(1.55,3.73), p<0.001 respectively) and death (OR=2.61, 95%CI=(1.59,4.28), p<0.001;OR=4.07, 95% CI= (2.48,6.69), p<0.001 respectively).ConclusionsWe confirm that age, sex, ethnicity, obesity, CKD and diabetes are important determinants of risk of COVID-19 hospitalisation or death. For the first time, we also identify people with learning disabilities and multi-morbidity as additional patient cohorts that need to be actively protected during COVID-19 waves.

The Use of Multiple Correspondence Analysis and K-means to Explore Associations between Risk Factors and Patient Characteristics in Colorectal Cancer (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dídac Florensa ◽  
Jordi Mateo ◽  
Francesc Solsona ◽  
Teresa Pedrol ◽  
Miquel Mesas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk

BACKGROUND Previous works have shown that risk factors are associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to detect these associations in the region of Lleida (Catalonia) using Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) and K-means. METHODS The cross-sectional study was made up of 1,085 colorectal cancer episodes between 2012 and 2015, extracted from the Population-based Cancer Registry (PCR) for the province of Lleida (Spain), the Primary Care Centers database and the Catalan Health Service Register. The relations between risk factors and patient characteristics were identified using MCA and K-means. RESULTS The combination of these techniques helps to detect clusters of patients with similars risk factors. Risk of death is associated with elderly people and obesity or overweight. Stage III is related with people aged ≥65 and rural/semi-urban population while younger people were related with stage 0. CONCLUSIONS MCA and K-means were a significant help for detecting associations between risk factors and patient characteristics. These techniques have proven to be effective tools for analyzing the incidence of some factors in colorectal cancer. The outcomes obtained help to corroborate suspected trends, as well as stimulating new hypotheses about the previous clinical history and how to prevent it.

scholarly journals Factors Associated With Fatality Due to Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Infection in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shufa Zheng ◽  
Qianda Zou ◽  
Xiaochen Wang ◽  
Jiaqi Bao ◽  
Fei Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Neuraminidase Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibitor Therapy ◽  
H7n9 Virus ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background The high case fatality rate of influenza A(H7N9)-infected patients has been a major clinical concern. Methods To identify the common causes of death due to H7N9 as well as identify risk factors associated with the high inpatient mortality, we retrospectively collected clinical treatment information from 350 hospitalized human cases of H7N9 virus in mainland China during 2013–2017, of which 109 (31.1%) had died, and systematically analyzed the patients’ clinical characteristics and risk factors for death. Results The median age at time of infection was 57 years, whereas the median age at time of death was 61 years, significantly older than those who survived. In contrast to previous studies, we found nosocomial infections comprising Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella most commonly associated with secondary bacterial infections, which was likely due to the high utilization of supportive therapies, including mechanical ventilation (52.6%), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (14%), continuous renal replacement therapy (19.1%), and artificial liver therapy (9.7%). Age, time from illness onset to antiviral therapy initiation, and secondary bacterial infection were independent risk factors for death. Age &gt;65 years, secondary bacterial infections, and initiation of neuraminidase-inhibitor therapy after 5 days from symptom onset were associated with increased risk of death. Conclusions Death among H7N9 virus–infected patients occurred rapidly after hospital admission, especially among older patients, followed by severe hypoxemia and multisystem organ failure. Our results show that early neuraminidase-inhibitor therapy and reduction of secondary bacterial infections can help reduce mortality. Characterization of 350 hospitalized avian influenza A(H7N9)-infected patients in China shows that age &gt;65 years, secondary bacterial infections, and initiation of neuraminidase-inhibitor therapy after 5 days from symptom onset were associated with increased risk of death.

scholarly journals Depression in the wives of convicted men: prevalence and associated factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 538-545
Author(s):  
Débora Cristina Martins Barbosa ◽  
Gabriela Ramos Furman ◽  
Aliny de Lima Santos ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Molena-Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
The State ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Team ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Female Partners ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the prevalence of depression and to identify the main risk factors associated with depression in wives of convicted men. Method: Descriptive, cross - sectional, quantitative approach. The data were collected with 349 female partners of convicted patients in three penitentiaries in the state of Paraná, with a semistructured research, between January and June of 2016, being compiled in a database and analyzed using SPSS® 20.0 software. Results: It was possible to identify vulnerability to depression among wives of convicted men, most were young and 42.2% have or already had depression. It was verified that the variables to depression were ages equal to or above 30 years (50.3%, p <0.001), smoking (61.1%, p <0.013) and alcoholism (16.1%, p <0.001). Conclusion: It is the responsibility of the nurse with the multidisciplinary health team to invest in health promotion and prevention actions against these risk factors that were associated with depression in this population.

scholarly journals Risk factors for mortality among tuberculosis patients on treatment at Bugando Medical Centre in north-western Tanzania: a retrospective cross-sectional study

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel W. Gunda ◽  
Semvua B. Kilonzo ◽  
Salum M. Bulegesi ◽  
Bonaventura C.T. Mpondo ◽  
Elichilia R. Shao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Bugando Medical ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Bugando Medical Centre ◽  
North Western

 Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is still an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Though it can effectively be treated, still a significant proportion of patients die on the course of their treatment. The objective of this study was to determine the outcome and risk factors of mortality among patients diagnosed with TB in a tertiary hospital in north-western Tanzania.Methods: A retrospective cross sectional study was done among all patients diagnosed with TB between January and December 2015 at Bugando Medical Centre. Information of demographic characteristics, smear positivity, haemoglobin concentration, HIV status, CD4 counts for HIV positive patients and treatment outcomes were collected and analysed. TB treatment outcomes as dead or alive were calculated and logistic regression was done to determine the factors associated with increased risk of death of patients on anti-TB treatment.Results: In total 701 patients were diagnosed with TB during the study period. Of these, 361 (51.5%) were males with a median age of 38 (IQR 27- 47) and 421 (60.06%) were younger than 40 years. Majority of the participants 409 (58.35%) had smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis and about half of patients (51.07%) tested positive for HIV. Of the enrolled patients 610 (87.02%) were alive at the end of TB treatment while 91 (12.98%) died in the course of treatment. The odds of deaths of patients on anti-TB treatment were strongly associated with male sex, HIV co infection and severe anaemia.Conclusion: The proportion of patients who die from TB treatment at BMC is high, with an increased risk of death among HIV co-infected, older than 40 years and severely anaemic patients. Improvement of strategies for early diagnosis and prompt treatment of TB patients will potentially improve treatment outcome.

A comparison of the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its components among native Japanese and Japanese Brazilians residing in Japan and Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andiara Schwingel ◽  
Yoshio Nakata ◽  
Lucy S. Ito ◽  
Wojtek J. Chodzko-Zajko ◽  
Ryosuke Shigematsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Japanese Ancestry

Background This study investigated the prevalence of risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) among individuals of Japanese descent exposed to different cultural environments. Design A cross-sectional study to assess component risk factors for the diagnosis of MetSyn was undertaken in urban areas in Japan and Brazil. A total of 773 men and women aged 35 years or over were included in three groups: 249 native Japanese, 269 Brazilian individuals of Japanese ancestry residing in Japan, and 255 Brazilian individuals of Japanese ancestry residing in Brazil. Results Higher rates of metabolic abnormalities with respect to central obesity and serum lipid profiles were observed among Brazilian individuals of Japanese ancestry residing in Brazil compared with those residing in Japan and native Japanese. Likewise, an increased risk of hypertension was observed among Japanese Brazilian individuals residing in Japan. The prevalence of MetSyn in men was significantly higher among Brazilians of Japanese ancestry residing in Brazil (37.5%) compared with those residing in Japan (25.3%) or native Japanese (21.4%), whereas no significant difference was observed among women. In the logistic model, Brazilian individuals of Japanese ancestry residinginBrazil weretwice as likely to develop MetSyn compared with native Japanese, whereas no significant differences were found among those residing in Japan. Conclusions These findings underscore the significant heterogeneity in risk factors among communities of Japanese ancestry residing in Brazil and Japan, and suggest that immigrants exposed to the Brazilian cultural environment are more susceptible to the development of risk factors associated with MetSyn than native Japanese.

scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated with Severity of Nongenetic Intellectual Disability (Mental Retardation) among Children Aged 2–18 Years Attending Kenyatta National Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Nemerimana ◽  
Margaret Njambi Chege ◽  
Eunice Ajode Odhiambo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Perinatal Complications ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Kenyatta National Hospital ◽  
Increased Risk

Background. Many of the nongenetic causal risk factors of intellectual disability (ID) can be prevented if they are identified early. There is paucity on information regarding potential risk factors associated with this condition in Kenya. This study aimed to establish risk factors associated with severity of nongenetic intellectual disability (ID) among children presenting with this condition at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH). Methods. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted over the period between March and June 2017 in pediatric and child/youth mental health departments of Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH), Kenya. It included children aged 2–18 years diagnosed with ID without underlying known genetic cause. Results. Of 97 patients with nongenetic ID, 24% had mild ID, 40% moderate, 23% severe-profound, and 10% unspecified ID. The mean age of children was 5.6 (±3.6) years. Male children were predominant (62%). Three independent factors including “labor complications” [AOR = 9.45, 95% CI = 1.23–113.29, P=0.036], “admission to neonatal intensive care unit” [AOR = 8.09, 95% CI = 2.11–31.07, P=0.002], and “cerebral palsy” [AOR = 21.18, CI = 4.18–107.40, P≤0.001] were significantly associated with increased risk of severe/profound nongenetic ID. Conclusion. The present study findings suggest that perinatal complications as well as postnatal insults are associated with increased risk of developing severe-profound intellectual disability, implying that this occurrence may be reduced with appropriate antenatal, perinatal, and neonatal healthcare interventions.

scholarly journals Prognostic assessment in palliative cancer care: is there a difference between adult and older patients?

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Garruth dos Santos Machado Sampaio ◽  
Livia Costa Oliveira ◽  
Karla Santos da Costa Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older People ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Prognostic Score ◽  
Glasgow Prognostic Score ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk

OBJECTIVE: To compare factors associated with death in adults and older people with advanced cancer who were hospitalized in a palliative care unit (PCU). METHODS: Case-control study with patients (adults vs older people) admitted to a PCU of National Cancer Institute José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Logistic regressions (odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence interval [95%CI]) were used to identify factors associated with death. RESULTS: The study included 205 patients, most of which were aged over 60 years old (60.5%). Among the adult patients, a Karnofsky Performance Status ≤ 40% (OR 2.54 [95%CI 1.11–3.45]) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (OR 1.09 [95%CI 1.02–1.24]) were risk factors for death, while albumin (OR 0.30 [95%CI 0.12–0.78]) was a protective factor. Among older patients, NLR (OR: 1.13 [95%CI 1.02–1.24]), C-reactive protein (CRP) (OR 1.09 [95%CI 1.02–1.17]), modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) 1 and 2 (OR 4.66 [95%CI 1.35–16.06]), CRP-to-albumin ratio (CAR) (OR 1.27 [95%CI 1.03–1.58]), and nutritional risk (OR 1.11 [95%CI 1.03–1.19]) were risk factors, whereas albumin (OR 0.23 [95%CI 0.09–0.57]) was a protective factor against death. CONCLUSIONS: Prognostic factors differed between groups. The NLR was a risk factor, and albumin was a protective factor regarding death in both groups. Additionally, CRP, mGPS, CAR, and nutritional risk were associated with an increased risk of death only among older people.

scholarly journals Exploration of the Risk Factors of Generalized and Central Obesity among Adolescents in North Lebanon

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germine El-Kassas ◽  
Fouad Ziade
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Increased Risk

Adolescents’ obesity is an emerging public health problem globally and in the Arab countries. Alarming rates of overweight/obesity have been rising progressively in Lebanon. However, the risk factors for the development of adolescents’ obesity have not yet been thoroughly explored in North Lebanon. To determine the dietary and lifestyle risk factors associated with generalized and central obesity among adolescents living in Tripoli, a cross-sectional survey was conducted including a representative sample of 311 students aged 11–16 years from both sexes chosen from public and private schools in Tripoli. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire to determine sociodemographic characteristics, dietary patterns, and physical activity and sedentary behaviors. Body mass index (BMI) was evaluated using the Center for Disease Control BMI for age percentiles. Central obesity was assessed using both waist-to-height ratio and gender-specific waist circumference for age indices. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that skipping breakfast and physical inactivity were the most significant independent risk factors associated with both generalized and central obesity. In addition, higher screen time and male gender were associated with increased risk for generalized and central obesity, respectively. Intervention strategies to prevent the development of obesity should be implemented among adolescent students to encourage regular breakfast intake and adopting healthy dietary and lifestyle behaviors.

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