Effects of dehydration conditions on desiccation tolerance of developing pea seeds as related to oligosaccharide content and cell membrane properties

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Françoise Corbineau ◽  
Mari Ange Picard ◽  
Jean-Albert Fougereux ◽  
Fabienne Ladonne ◽  
Daniel Côme
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Immature Seeds ◽  
Pea Seeds

Germination and carbohydrate metabolism were studied in fresh developing pea (Pisum sativum L., cv Baccara) seeds and after artificial drying at 25°C and various relative humidities (20, 75 and 99% RH) to investigate whether the occurrence of desiccation tolerance was related to sucrose, raffinose and stachyose contents. Seeds became completely tolerant to fast drying at 25°C and 20% RH a few days after the end of reserve accumulation, i.e. when their moisture content dropped to approx. 50% (fresh weight basis). This acquisition of desiccation tolerance was associated with an accumulation of raffinose and stachyose, the latter being more abundant in the embryonic axis than in the cotyledons. The (raffinose+stachyose)/sucrose ratio increased during seed development and reached 1.1 in the axis and 0.2 in the cotyledons just before the onset of desiccation tolerance. When the natural acquisition of desiccation tolerance occurred on the mother plant, artificial drying of isolated seeds induced an increase in oligosaccharide content in the cotyledons. Immature seeds, the moisture content of which was higher than about 60% (fresh weight basis), did not tolerate fast drying (25°C and 20 or 75% RH). Such drying did not result in the synthesis of stachyose and induced an increase in electrolyte leakage, a decrease in the ability of seeds to convert 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylic acid (ACC) to ethylene and an increase in ethane synthesis, thus indicating a deterioration of cell membrane properties and lipid peroxidation. In contrast, immature seeds tolerated drying either in the pods or at 25°C and 99% RH, and such drying induced a decrease in sucrose content, an increase in oligosaccharide content and a (raffinose+stachyose)/sucrose ratio higher than around 1. Soluble sugar contents of dried immature seeds depended on the conditions of dehydration. In cotyledons, the (raffinose+stachyose)/sucrose ratio reached 0.61 when seeds were dried at 25°C and 99% RH, whereas it was as low as 0.15 when drying was performed at 25°C and 20% RH. All the results obtained are consistent with the concept that oligosaccharides may well be involved in the protection of membranes during dehydration.

Decline in a seed-specific abscisic acid-responsive glycine-rich protein (GRPF1) mRNA may reflect the release of seed dormancy in Fagus sylvatica during moist prechilling

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Christian Mortensen ◽  
Dolores Rodríguez ◽  
Gregorio Nicolás ◽  
Erik Nymann Eriksen ◽  
Carlos Nicolás
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Seed Desiccation ◽  
Glycine Rich Protein

Dormancy and desiccation tolerance were studied inFagus sylvaticaseeds subsequent to 0–26 weeks of either moist prechilling (5°C) or warm (15°C) pretreatment at a restricted water content of 34% (fresh weight basis), i.e.c. 5% below full imbibition. After the pretreatments, seeds were either fully imbibed at 5 or 15°C, or dried for 7 d to around 13% moisture content and then fully imbibed at 5°C. Most of the dormancy was released after 5 weeks of prechilling, with nearly 70% of the seeds germinating at 15°C, and dormancy was fully released after 11 weeks of prechilling. Most of the seed desiccation tolerance, measured as the final germination percentage for dried seeds, was lost between 11 and 13 weeks of prechilling. A further decline in desiccation tolerance was recorded from 13 to 19 weeks, with a moderate recovery after 26 weeks. Germination was compared with the expression of a previously described abscisic-acid-responsive GRPF1 mRNA for a glycine-rich protein inF. sylvatica. There was a clear decline in accumulation of the transcript in seeds during prechilling, but not during the warm pretreatment. The amount of GRPF1 expression correlated significantly (P< 0.001) with dormancy status.

scholarly journals Desiccation tolerance and DNA integrity in Eugenia pleurantha O. Berg. (myrtaceae) seeds

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tathiana Elisa Masetto ◽  
José Marcio Rocha Faria ◽  
Antonio Claudio Davide ◽  
Edvaldo Aparecido Amaral da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Dna Degradation ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Germination Value

The aim of this study was to assess the desiccation tolerance and DNA integrity in Eugenia pleurantha seeds dehydrated to different moisture contents (MCs). Seeds extracted from mature fruits were submmited to drying in silica gel and evaluated at every five percentual points of decrease from the initial MC (35.5%, fresh weight basis). The effects of dehydration on seeds were verified through germination tests and DNA integrity assessment. Undried seeds achieved 87% germination, value reduced to 36% after being dried to 9.8% MC. When dried slightly more, to 7.4% MC, seeds were no longer able to germinate, suggesting an intermediate behavior in relation to desiccation tolerance. It was observed DNA degradation in seeds with 7.4% MC, which might have contributed to the loss of seed germination.

scholarly journals Derivation of Constants (KE, CW) for the Viability Equation for Pepper Seeds and the Subsequent Test of Its Applicability

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1679-1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Demir ◽  
B. Begüm Kenanoglu ◽  
Kazim Mavi ◽  
Tuba Celikkol ◽  
Fiona Hay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Subsequent Test ◽  
Viability Loss ◽  
Orthodox Seeds ◽  
Controlled Deterioration ◽  
Pepper Cultivar

The effect of moisture on seed longevity during experimental storage was investigated in pepper (Capsicum annuum) cultivar Demre. Seeds were stored hermetically at 7.0%, 8.6%, 9.5%, 10.5%, and 12.1% moisture content (MC; percent fresh weight basis) and 35 °C for up to 306 d. Viability (normal germination) was assessed periodically and the seed viability equation moisture constants, KE and CW, estimated by regression of log σ (the sd of distribution of seed death in time) with log MC. KE and CW values were found to be 7.767 and 4.670, respectively. The newly found moisture constants were combined with the temperature constants that had already been proposed as universal for all orthodox seeds (CH = 0.0329, CQ = 0.000478) and their validity was tested by predicting the viability loss in another pepper cultivar, Carliston. The Ki of the Carliston cultivar was determined by controlled deterioration at 40 °C and 14% MC. The observed viability loss between 30 and 270 d at 25 °C and 10% seed MC was closely related to that predicted by the equation R2 = 0.982 (P < 0.001).

Desiccation-induced dormancy in papaya (Carica papayaL.) seeds is alleviated by heat shock

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher B. Wood ◽  
Hugh W. Pritchard ◽  
Dilip Amritphale
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Shock Treatment ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Heat Shock Treatment ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Shock Temperature

AbstractThe effects of desiccation and temperature on the germination capabilityof Carica papayaL. were investigated for seeds extracted from three commercial fruit batches. More than 50% of freshly isolated, cleaned (sarcotesta removed) but undried seeds germinated at 26°C. However, desiccation to approx. 20%seed RH reduced germination at this temperature to < 10%. A substantial increase in germination at alternating temperatures (33/19°C) indicated that desiccation induced seed dormancy rather than viability loss. Dormancy could be removed in a large proportion of the population by the application of a single heat shock to rehydrated seeds for 4 h at 36°C, with subsequent return to 26°C for germination. Longer (days) and shorter (minutes) periods of heat shock were less effective for releasing dormancy. Heat shock was generally applied 5 or 14 d after rehydration had started, but the treatment was equally effective after imbibition for only 1 d. Light was always applied during both imbibition and the post-heat shock treatment, but was not essential during the actual heat shock treatment. Rehydration and post-heat shock temperature treatments in the range of 16°C to 36°C revealed the same optima of 26°C. Dormancy was re-imposed in heat-shocked seeds when they were subsequently dried to seed relative humidities of 25 to 75%(5 to 11% moisture content [fresh weight basis]), but this state could be removed by a further heat shock. The longer heat-shocked seeds were held on agar-water at 26°C prior to re-drying, the greater the level of desiccation intolerance.

scholarly journals Desiccation tolerance and dna integrity in Eugenia pleurantha o. berg. (Myrtaceae) seeds

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tathiana Elisa Masetto ◽  
José Marcio Rocha Faria ◽  
Antonio Claudio Davide ◽  
Edvaldo Aparecido Amaral da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Dna Degradation ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Germination Value

The aim of this study was to assess the desiccation tolerance and DNA integrity in Eugenia pleurantha seeds dehydrated to different moisture contents (MCs). Seeds extracted from mature fruits were dried in silica gel and evaluated at every five percentual points of decrease from the initial MC (35.5%, fresh weight basis). The effects of dehydration on seeds were verified through germination tests and DNA integrity assessment. Undried seeds achieved 87% germination, value reduced to 36% after being dried to 9.8% MC. When dried slightly more, to 7.4% MC, seeds were no longer able to germinate, suggesting an intermediate behavior in relation to desiccation tolerance. DNA degradation was observed in seeds with 7.4% MC, which might have contributed to the loss of seed germination.

Yield Performance of Calocybe indica on Different Agricultural Subatrate

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Pinkal Patel ◽  
Ratna Trivedi
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Paddy Straw ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Calocybe Indica

The Milky mushroom, Calocybe Indica was cultivated on different agricultural substrate, paddy straw, wheat straw, sugarcane trace and mango dry leaves. The spawning was done by sterilization of all the four substrate. The bags were kept in mushroom growing room with the maintenance of temperature and humidity 30̊ c-35̊ c and 70-80 % respectively. The minimum days requires for completion of spawn run (18.4 days), primordial formation (25.2 days) and days for first harvest (32.4 days) was first observed on cultivation with Paddy straw.  The maximum yield on fresh weight basis and biological efficiency (134.86 %) was also found to be as the same treatment with the Paddy straw as a substrate. The biological efficiency of wheat straw was at par with Sugarcane trace as substrate which was 85.07 % and 85.02 % respectively.

Nitrogen metabolism of Picea glauca. II. Diurnal changes of free amino acids, amides, and guanidino compounds in roots, buds, and leaves during the onset of dormancy of white spruce saplings

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 921-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Durzan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Guanidino Compounds

In late August during the onset of dormancy in spruce, seasonal levels of soluble nitrogen, rich in arginine, were high. On a fresh weight basis, diurnal levels of total soluble nitrogen and most component amino acids in roots, buds, and leaves showed maxima, one at sunrise and another in the afternoon or near sunset.Arginine and glutamine in the different plant parts contributed 44 to 83% to the alcohol-soluble nitrogen. In buds and leaves, percentage of arginine remained high and decreased slightly at midday, whereas in roots a continual drop occurred. In all organs examined, changes in glutamine reflected the double maxima of total soluble nitrogen and were greatest in roots.On a fresh weight basis, most amino acids accumulated at sunrise and near sunset; however a few especially in leaves, increased at midday, e.g. glutamic and aspartic acid, lysine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and serine.Comparison of levels of free guanidino compounds in different organs showed remarkable out-of-phase patterns. Levels of these compounds are known from 14C-arginine studies to be closely related to the metabolism of arginine.

A comparison of preharvest and postharvest ethylene production and respiration rates of saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) fruit during development

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-332
Author(s):  
Suzy Y Rogiers ◽  
N Richard Knowles
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Wound Response ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Amelanchier Alnifolia ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Maturity Class

Changes in respiration and ethylene production rates of nine maturity classes of saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia, Nutt.) fruit after harvest were compared with those of fruit maturing and ripening on the plant. During ripening on the plant, ethylene production increased on a whole-fruit and fresh-weight basis, while respiration increased substantially on a whole-fruit basis but remained constant on a fresh-weight basis. Fruit harvested at the greenish yellow to pink stages (maturity classes four and five, respectively) increased their ethylene production until 15-20 h after harvest, and this was coincident with ripening to maturity class seven and thus a color change to red. Ethylene production then declined over the next 15 h. Respiration rates of harvested immature, mature, and ripe fruits declined over 5 days, except for a relatively brief 8-12% rise starting 15-20 h after harvest. This brief increase in respiration was characteristic of fruit of all maturity classes, likely reflecting a wound response associated with harvest rather than a ripening-induced change in metabolism. Continuous treatment of attached or detached fruit with propylene or ethylene in an open airflow system did not induce an increase in respiration earlier, relative to control fruit. The respiratory response of saskatoon fruit during postharvest ripening was thus very different from that of fruit that ripened on the plant. Thus, the increase in respiration associated with ripening could only be demonstrated on a whole-fruit basis if fruit remained on the plant. Preharvest and postharvest changes in ethylene production during ripening also differed but were both consistent with climacteric ripening.Key words: Amelanchier alnifolia, ethylene, ripening, saskatoon fruit.

scholarly journals Macro and Micro Elemental Analysis of Anethum Sowa L. (Dill) Stem By X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

1970 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Moshfekus Saleh-e-in ◽  
Abida Sultana ◽  
M Abul Hossain ◽  
Mainul Ahsan ◽  
Sudhangshu Kumar Roy
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Concentration ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparation ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Micro Elements ◽  
Anethum Sowa ◽  
Proximate Analyses

Anethum sowa L. (Dill) stem portions were analyzed for its macro and micro elemental concentration by XRF spectrometry collected from different places of Bangladesh. The plants were collected when those were 35 cm in height i.e. within 40-45 days of sowing. Results of proximate analyses showed that the stem parts contained highest level of moisture (93.67), ash (1.62) and dry matter (30.77%) on fresh weight basis (g/100g). The highest level of mineral contents were Ca(478.50±6.22), K(336.65±3.26), Cl(153.92±3.26), Na(114.86±1.38), S(96.65±1.76), Mg(63.96±1.15), P(49.41±0.74), Al(41.75±0.71), Fe(34.57±1.33), Si(31.03±0.18), Ni (11.98±0.22) and Ti (3.75±0.28) in mg/100g on fresh weight basis. Cu, Sr, Rb, Zn, Ba and Zr were present in small amount and Y, Cu and Mn were present in trace amount. However, the toxic elements like Co, Pb, As and Hg were not found in the present study. Presence of higher amounts of mineral contents in the stem parts could potentially be consumed as supplement as human diets or livestock feed as well as pharmaceutical preparation. Key words: Anethum sowa L., XRF spectrometry, Dill, Condiment, Macro and micro elements, Elemental composition.     doi: 10.3329/bjsir.v43i4.2238   Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(4), 483-494, 2008

Distribution of amylase and chymotrypsin in four regions of the rat pancreas

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 884-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrien R. Beaudoin ◽  
Pierre St-Jean ◽  
Ginette Girard
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Acinar Cell ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Secretory Proteins ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Rat Pancreas

Recent observations have confirmed the existence of more than one pool of secretory proteins in the rat pancreatic tissue. To determine if these different pools could be located in the different regions of the rat pancreas, the amylase and chymotrypsin contents have been measured in the biliary, duodenal, gastric, and splenic regions. On a tissue DNA content, protein content, or a fresh weight basis, the proportions of these two enzymes are comparable in the four regions. It is therefore postulated that heterogeneity of enzyme composition exists either within these regions or within the acinar cell itself.

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