Seed protein content and composition of near-isogenic and induced mutant pea lines

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Perez ◽  
S. J. Chambers ◽  
J. R. Bacon ◽  
N. Lambert ◽  
C. L. Hedley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Mutant Pea

AbstractTotal protein content and amounts of albumin, legumin and vicilin have been determined for pea seeds from lines near-isogenic except for genes at the rugosus loci, r and rb (RR/RbRb; rr/RbRb; RR/rbrb; rr/rbrb). Seeds with the wildtype, round-seeded phenotype (RR/RbRb) had less protein on a total seed dry-weight basis than any of the wrinkled-seeded lines and this protein had a lower proportion of albumin. The lines which had recessive alleles at both r and rb loci had the highest proportion of protein and the highest proportion of albumin. The roundseeded peas possessed nearly two-fold more legumin than the double recessive line, with proportions for the two single recessive lines falling in between these extremes. Vicilin levels were similarfor all four near-isogenic lines. SDS-PAGE analysis of the isolated albumin, legumin and vicilin fractions revealed no significant differences between the four lines. Differential scanning calorimetry of protein extracts showed that all the wrinkled-seeded near-isolines possessed legumin fractions with diminished thermal stability relative to that from the roundseeded, wild-type line.Chemically-induced mutants were also analysed for protein content and composition. These mutants have previously been shown to display great variation in starch and lipid levels. Total protein varied from 20.3% to 37.9%; however, relative proportions of albumin, legumin and vicilin were similar in all mutant lines. SDS-PAGE analysis identified two mutant pea lines which possessed a legumin A-chain of 65 000 Mr as well as the typical 45 000 Mr form. Differential scanning calorimetry of protein extracts indicated that the legumin in all mutants had lower enthalpies of denaturation than the legumin in the round-seeded parent.The mutant pea lines possess exceptional variation with respect to starch, lipid and protein which raises opportunities for their use in the food and animal feedstuff industries.

scholarly journals GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SOYBEAN (Glycine max L.) TREATED WITH SODIUM AZIDE

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 632
Author(s):  
Kumala Dewi ◽  
Sudjino .
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Glycine Max L

<p>Soybean (Glycine max L.) is one of horticultural plants in Indonesia. The demand of soybean in Indonesia is about 2,2 million ton per year, however, the productivity of soybean is still relatively low. This research was aimed to induce mutation in soybean through an application of sodium azide. Soybean seed of “Argomulyo” variety was obtained from Reserach Station for Leguminosae and Tuberous plant in Malang. Seeds were soaked in sodium azide of 0 mM (control), 5 mM, 10 mM or 20 mM for 12 hours. The pH of sodium azide solution was adjusted to 3 by adding sulphuric acid. For each treatment 100 seeds (M1) were used . Seeds were washed under tap water , germinated and grown in a polybag containing soil and compost vertilizer (3 : 1, v/v). In each polybag 4 seeds were germinated. All plants were watered regularly every other day. Growth and development parameters observed were plant height, chlorophyll content, time to flowering, sillique number per plant, seed dry weight and total protein content. Data were analyzed by Analysis of Variant and followed by DMRT (Duncan’s Multiple Range Test) at significant level of 5%. The results showed that sodium azide of 5 mM, 10 mM or 20 mM decreased the average of plant height 15 to 20% compared to control plants. Time to flowering, chlorophyll content, sillique number per plant, and seed dry weight were not affected by sodium azide. The average of total protein content in seeds of plant originated from seeds treated with sodium azide was 40% and this value is 5% higher compared to seeds of control plants. This seeds are potential to be further replanted and reselected for better characters.</p><p><br /><strong>Keywords</strong>: soybean (Glycine max L.), sodium azide, chlorophyll contenyt, total protein</p>

Prediction of Human Acute Toxicity by the Hep G2/24-hour/Total Protein Assay, with Protein Measurement by the CBQCA Method

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Dierickx
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Human Toxicity ◽  
Hep G2 ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Protein Assay ◽  
Lowry Method ◽  
Total Protein Assay

In our previously described Hep G2/24-hour/total protein assay, protein levels were measured by using the Lowry method. This assay was the best acute in vitro assay for the prediction of human toxicity within the Multicentre Evaluation of In Vitro Cytotoxicity (MEIC) study. In order to increase the MEIC data-base with a wider range of chemicals, we were interested in introducing the more practical 3-(4-carboxybenzoyl)-quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde (CBQCA) method for the quantification of the total protein content. Therefore, we investigated whether the same good results for the prediction of acute human toxicity would be obtained with the CBQCA method. The cells were treated for 24 hours, then cytotoxicity was determined by measuring the total protein content with CBQCA. The results were quantified by using the PI50c: the concentration (in mM) of test compound required to reduce the total protein content measured with the CBQCA-method by 50% as compared to the control cells. The results were compared with the PI50, the corresponding value when the Lowry method was used. A relatively low correlation was observed between PI50 and PI50c, reflecting the large and unexpected, differences when using the two protein assays. However, when comparing the log PI50c with the human toxicity, a correlation coefficient of r2 = 0.761 ( n = 44) was obtained for exactly the same series of MEIC chemicals. This value is clearly higher than that for the Lowry method ( r2 = 0.695). Compared to the Lowry method originally used, the Hep G2/24-hour/CBQCA total protein assay has the additional important advantage that it can be very easily adapted for large-scale analyses with robotic systems, including the on-line calculation of the results.

Total protein content and protein synthesis within pre-elongation stage bovine embryos

1998 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Thompson ◽  
A.N.M. Sherman ◽  
N.W. Allen ◽  
L.T. McGowan ◽  
H.R. Tervit
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Bovine Embryos

scholarly journals Surface topography of hydroxyapatite affects ROS17/2.8 cells response

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adalberto Luiz Rosa ◽  
Márcio Mateus Beloti ◽  
Richard van Noort ◽  
Paul Vincent Hatton ◽  
Anne Jane Devlin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Surface Topography ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Alp Activity ◽  
Powder Pressing

Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been used in orthopedic, dental, and maxillofacial surgery as a bone substitute. The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of surface topography produced by the presence of microporosity on cell response, evaluating: cell attachment, cell morphology, cell proliferation, total protein content, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. HA discs with different percentages of microporosity (< 5%, 15%, and 30%) were confected by means of the combination of uniaxial powder pressing and different sintering conditions. ROS17/2.8 cells were cultured on HA discs. For the evaluation of attachment, cells were cultured for two hours. Cell morphology was evaluated after seven days. After seven and fourteen days, cell proliferation, total protein content, and ALP activity were measured. Data were compared by means of ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test, when appropriate. Cell attachment (p = 0.11) and total protein content (p = 0.31) were not affected by surface topography. Proliferation after 7 and 14 days (p = 0.0007 and p = 0.003, respectively), and ALP activity (p = 0.0007) were both significantly decreased by the most irregular surface (HA30). These results suggest that initial cell events were not affected by surface topography, while surfaces with more regular topography, as those present in HA with 15% or less of microporosity, favored intermediary and final events such as cell proliferation and ALP activity.

scholarly journals Heat and Pressure Treatments on Almond Protein Stability and Change in Immunoreactivity after Simulated Human Digestion

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta De Angelis ◽  
Simona Bavaro ◽  
Graziana Forte ◽  
Rosa Pilolli ◽  
Linda Monaci
Keyword(s):  
Protein Stability ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Pattern ◽  
Protein Quantification ◽  
Protein Profiling ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Bioinformatic Tools ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Allergenic Proteins

Almond is consumed worldwide and renowned as a valuable healthy food. Despite this, it is also a potent source of allergenic proteins that can trigger several mild to life-threatening immunoreactions. Food processing proved to alter biochemical characteristics of proteins, thus affecting the respective allergenicity. In this paper, we investigated the effect of autoclaving, preceded or not by a hydration step, on the biochemical and immunological properties of almond proteins. Any variation in the stability and immunoreactivity of almond proteins extracted from the treated materials were evaluated by total protein quantification, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), and protein profiling by electrophoresis-based separation (SDS-PAGE). The sole autoclaving applied was found to weakly affect almond protein stability, despite what was observed when hydration preceded autoclaving, which resulted in a loss of approximately 70% of total protein content compared to untreated samples, and a remarkable reduction of the final immunoreactivity. The final SDS-PAGE protein pattern recorded for hydrated and autoclaved almonds disclosed significant changes. In addition, the same samples were further submitted to human-simulated gastro-intestinal (GI) digestion to evaluate potential changes induced by these processing methods on allergen digestibility. Digestion products were identified by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS/MS) analysis followed by software-based data mining, and complementary information was provided by analyzing the proteolytic fragments lower than 6 kDa in size. The autoclave-based treatment was found not to alter the allergen digestibility, whereas an increased susceptibility to proteolytic action of digestive enzymes was observed in almonds subjected to autoclaving of prehydrated almond kernels. Finally, the residual immunoreactivity of the GI-resistant peptides was in-silico investigated by bioinformatic tools. Results obtained confirm that by adopting both approaches, no epitopes associated with known allergens survived, thus demonstrating the potential effectiveness of these treatments to reduce almond allergenicity.

Development and regression of exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats

1979 ◽  
Vol 236 (2) ◽  
pp. H268-H272 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Hickson ◽  
G. T. Hammons ◽  
J. O. Holoszy
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Mitochondrial Marker ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Exercise Induced

Adult female rats were exercised by daily swimming. All the increase in heart weight induced by the exercise occurred within 14 days and averaged 30%. The half times of the increases in heart weight and total protein content were about 4.5 days, whereas that of cytochrome c, which was used as a mitochondrial marker, was 6.5 days. The total amounts of DNA and of hydroxyproline in the heart, which were used to evaluate the degree of connective tissue hyperplasia, increased only slightly (8% and 10%, respectively). Other animals were subjected to the same swimming program for 21 days. Groups of rats were killed at various time intervals after stopping exercise. Heart weight, total protein content, and total cytochrome c content decreased rapidly initially, with 60% of the total regression of hypertrophy occurring during the first week. Thereafter, heart weight fell more gradually toward the sedentary control value. The hydroxyproline content of the heart, which was increased 10%, did not decrease during the regression of the hypertrophy.

scholarly journals Amino Acid Composition of Milk from Cow, Sheep and Goat Raised in Ailano and Valle Agricola, Two Localities of ‘Alto Casertano’ (Campania Region)

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2431
Author(s):  
Nicola Landi ◽  
Sara Ragucci ◽  
Antimo Di Maro
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Campania Region

Cow, sheep and goat raw milk raised in Ailano and Valle Agricola territories (‘Alto Casertano’, Italy) were characterized (raw proteins, free and total amino acids content) to assess milk quality. Raw milk with the highest total protein content is sheep milk followed by goat and cow milk from both localities. Total amino acid content in cow, goat and sheep raw milk is 4.58, 4.81 and 6.62 g per 100 g, respectively, in which the most abundant amino acid is glutamic acid (~20.36 g per 100 g of proteins). Vice versa, the free amino acids content characteristic profiles are different for each species. In particular, the most abundant free amino acid in cow, sheep and goat raw milk is glutamic acid (9.07 mg per 100 g), tyrosine (4.72 mg per 100 g) and glycine (4.54 mg per 100 g), respectively. In addition, goat raw milk is a source of taurine (14.92 mg per 100 g), retrieved in low amount in cow (1.38 mg per 100 g) and sheep (2.10 mg per 100 g) raw milk. Overall, raw milk from ‘Alto Casertano’ show a high total protein content and are a good source of essential amino acids.

Peculiarities of extraction of β-lactoglobuline in protein mineral concentrates at electroactivation of whey

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-68
Author(s):  
Mircea BOLOGA ◽  
Elvira VRABIE ◽  
Irina PALADII ◽  
Olga ILIASENCO ◽  
Tatiana STEPURINA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Lower Protein ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin ◽  
Excellent Source

Introduction. Whey is a by-product and an excellent source of proteins that is rather aggressive due to a large amount of organic substances it contains. The electro-activation of whey applied in the experiments is a wasteless method that allows the va-lorification of all whey components. β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) makes up 50% of the whey proteins and 12% of the total protein content in milk. Material and methods. The recovery of β-Lg in protein-mineral concentrates (PMC) by electro-activation processing of different types of whey with different initial protein content was investigated in seven configurations. The recovery of protein fractions in the PMCs were analyzed via electrophoresis with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-PAGE) and 15% non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel (PAAG).      Results. Whey electro-fractionation and the obtaining of PMCs with predetermined protein content, namely of β-Lg, were studied on three whey types, processed at different treatment regimens and in seven configurations. The proper management of electroactivation by varying the treatment regimens will allow the electro-fractionation of different types of dairy by-products. Conclusions. The maximum amount of β-Lg recovered in PMCs on electroactivation is  66-71% depending on the processed whey and on the treatment regimens. Obviously, the extraction of β-Lg from initially lower protein content shows a higher recovery degree of β-Lg. The registered temperatures allows formation of PMCs without thermal denaturation.

STUDYING THE INFLUENCE OF SEASONAL FACTORS ON CASEIN AND WHEY PROTEIN CONTENT IN RAW MILK AND CHEESE YIELD

2020 ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
L. Bahdanava ◽  
A. Podryabinkina ◽  
I. Bahdanau ◽  
T. Savelyeva
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
National Average ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Seasonal Factors

The article presents the results of research to study seasonal changes in the content of total protein, casein and whey proteins in raw milk and to analyze their impact on cheese yield. It was determined that the lowest casein content in raw milk (18% lower than the national average) was observed in October and March. The linear dependence of the cheese yield on both the total protein content and casein content was established.

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