scholarly journals Psychosocial intervention for carers of people with dementia: What components are most effective and when? A systematic review of systematic reviews

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Dickinson ◽  
Johanne Dow ◽  
Grant Gibson ◽  
Louise Hayes ◽  
Shannon Robalino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Group Format ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Informal Carers ◽  
The Cost

ABSTRACTBackground:Psychosocial interventions for carers of people with dementia are increasingly recognized as playing an important role in dementia care. We aim to systematically review the evidence from existing systematic reviews of psychosocial interventions for informal carers of people with dementia.Methods:Thirty-one systematic reviews were identified; following quality appraisal, data from 13 reviews, rated as high or moderate quality, were extracted.Results:Well-designed, clearly structured multi-component interventions can help maintain the psychological health of carers of people with dementia and delay institutionalization of the latter. To be most effective, such interventions should include both an educational and a therapeutic component; delivery through a support group format may further enhance their effectiveness.Conclusions:Successful translation of evidence into practice in this area remains a challenge. Future research should focus on determining the most cost-effective means of delivering effective multi-component interventions in real-world settings; the cost-effective potential of technology-based interventions is considerable.

scholarly journals Epoxy tooling: Technologies, developments, sustainability and future interest to industry 4.0

2021 ◽  
pp. 096739112110598
Author(s):  
Gorka Díez-Barcenilla ◽  
José L Gómez-Alonso ◽  
Koldo Gondra ◽  
Ester Zuza
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Smart Manufacturing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cooling Channels ◽  
Waste Reuse ◽  
Tool Performance ◽  
Rapid Manufacture ◽  
The Cost

The technology of epoxy tooling, at present under continuous development, is used for the rapid manufacture of cost-effective tools for small batch production. It is a valid alternative with no need for expensive investment in metallic moulds for the development of new products. Current investigations are focused on improvements to the production system, improved tool performance, the cost reduction of moulds and tool manufacturing sustainability. In this paper, both the advantages and the disadvantages of epoxy tooling in injection moulding, wax injection, metal stamping and hot embossing are compared with conventional techniques. Following a brief introduction of rapid tooling technologies, the latest advances of epoxy tooling and their implementation in different manufacturing processes are all analysed. These developments refer to the production of new ad-hoc epoxy composites, increased productivity using conformal cooling channels, the reduction of the tooling manufacturing costs through waste reuse and the emerging industry 4.0 technologies for smart manufacturing and tooling. The main objective is to identify both the challenges facing epoxy tooling techniques and future research directions.

scholarly journals Psychosocial interventions for people with dementia: a synthesis of systematic reviews

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orii McDermott ◽  
Georgina Charlesworth ◽  
Eef Hogervorst ◽  
Charlotte Stoner ◽  
Esme Moniz-Cook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
People With Dementia

scholarly journals Updated meta-review of evidence on support for carers

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Dalton ◽  
Sian Thomas ◽  
Melissa Harden ◽  
Alison Eastwood ◽  
Gillian Parker
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
High Quality ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Meta Review

Objective To update a 2010 meta-review of systematic reviews of effective interventions to support carers of ill, disabled, or older adults. In this article, we report the most promising interventions based on the best available evidence. Methods Rapid meta-review of systematic reviews published from January 2009 to 2016. Results Sixty-one systematic reviews were included (27 high quality, 25 medium quality, and nine low quality). The quality of reviews has improved since the original review, but primary studies remain limited in quality and quantity. Fourteen high quality reviews focused on carers of people with dementia, four on carers of those with cancer, four on carers of people with stroke, three on carers of those at the end of life with various conditions, and two on carers of people with mental health problems. Multicomponent interventions featured prominently, emphasizing psychosocial or psychoeducational content, education and training. Improved outcomes for carers were reported for mental health, burden and stress, and wellbeing or quality of life. Negative effects were reported in reviews of respite care. As with earlier work, we found little robust evidence on the cost-effectiveness of reviewed interventions. Conclusions There is no ‘one size fits all’ intervention to support carers. There is potential for effective support in specific groups of carers, such as shared learning, cognitive reframing, meditation, and computer-delivered psychosocial support for carers of people with dementia. For carers of people with cancer, effective support may include psychosocial interventions, art therapy, and counselling. Carers of people with stroke may also benefit from counselling. More good quality, theory-based, primary research is needed.

Non-pharmacological interventions in care homes, with particular emphasis on the treatment of people with dementia

2020 ◽  
pp. 265-280
Author(s):  
Ian A. James ◽  
Alan Howarth
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Care Homes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Care Plans ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Preventative Interventions

In the UK there are over 22,000 care homes, largely run by the private and charitable sectors, caring for 416,000 people. The residents in care homes present with a range of needs linked to physical health, cognitive health, and mental health. A large proportion of residents in care homes have dementia and many of them exhibit Behaviours that Challenge (BtC). This chapter focuses on the non-pharmacological interventions available in care homes to help treat BtC that occur in the context of dementia. It discusses preventative interventions designed to promote the wellbeing of people with dementia, and reviews the evidence. Formulation-led interventions identify the needs of the individual and lead to the development of person-centred care plans and the evidence strongly supports that these are needed to deliver effective psychosocial interventions in care homes. Finally, the chapter discusses the implications for future research.

scholarly journals Nature-based solutions for hydro-meteorological risk reduction: a state-of-the-art review of the research area

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laddaporn Ruangpan ◽  
Zoran Vojinovic ◽  
Silvana Di Sabatino ◽  
Laura Sandra Leo ◽  
Vittoria Capobianco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Projected Changes

Abstract. Hydro-meteorological risks due to natural hazards such as severe floods, storm surges, landslides and droughts are causing impacts on different sectors of society. Such risks are expected to become worse given projected changes in climate, degradation of ecosystems, population growth and urbanisation. In this respect, nature-based solutions (NBSs) have emerged as effective means to respond to such challenges. A NBS is a term used for innovative solutions that are based on natural processes and ecosystems to solve different types of societal and environmental challenges. The present paper provides a critical review of the literature concerning NBSs for hydro-meteorological risk reduction and identifies current knowledge gaps and future research prospects. There has been a considerable growth of scientific publications on this topic, with a more significant rise taking place from 2007 onwards. Hence, the review process presented in this paper starts by sourcing 1608 articles from Scopus and 1431 articles from the Web of Science. The full analysis was performed on 146 articles. The analysis confirmed that numerous advancements in the area of NBSs have been achieved to date. These solutions have already proven to be valuable in providing sustainable, cost-effective, multi-purpose and flexible means for hydro-meteorological risk reduction. However, there are still many areas where further research and demonstration are needed in order to promote their upscaling and replication and to make them become mainstream solutions.

COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF ALEMTUZUMAB FOR T-CELL PROLYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanting Lu ◽  
Jaime Peters ◽  
Chris Roome ◽  
Ken Stein
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Perfect Information ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Decision Analytic Model ◽  
Prolymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Objectives:The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of alemtuzumab (CAMPATH-1H) compared with conventional chemotherapy in people with T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL).Methods:We developed a decision-analytic model to assess the costs and benefits of alemtuzumab or conventional therapy based on their effects on quality of life of patients. The main outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio incorporating costs per additional quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained over lifetime. Due to the limited data available, a large number of assumptions had to be made to construct the cost-utility model. One-way, multi-way, and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSA) were conducted to explore the impact of these uncertainties. Expected values of perfect information were also calculated for four specific scenarios.Results:Depending on different key assumptions made, the PSA suggested distinct conclusions using a willingness-to-pay threshold of 30,000 GBP per QALY gained. Using this threshold, the probability that alemtuzumab would be cost-effective varies from 0 percent to 53 percent for the four modeled scenarios. Population expected value of perfect information analysis suggests that resolving the parameter uncertainty in the analysis for people with T-PLL in the United Kingdom would have considerable value—up to 5.3 million euro.Conclusions:Alemtuzumab appears more likely to be cost-effective if used earlier in the course of T-PLL and where it replaces the use of multiple alternative therapies. However, cost-effectiveness is highly uncertain and future research is clearly justified. Nevertheless, our analysis demonstrates the feasibility of considering the cost-effectiveness of an agent despite the presence of significant uncertainty to provide appropriate assessment information to policy makers.

scholarly journals A systematic meta-review of self-management support for people with dementia

Dementia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-269
Author(s):  
Judith G Huis in het Veld ◽  
Renate Verkaik ◽  
Berno van Meijel ◽  
Anneke L Francke
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Management Support ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Meta Review ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Self-management support for people with dementia is important to help them and their family caregivers to cope with challenges in daily live. Insight into the effects of self-management support interventions on people with dementia is however lacking, despite existing relevant systematic reviews. We therefore conducted a meta-review of relevant systematic reviews, following the PRISMA statement. Systematic literature searches were conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Embase and PsycINFO. The searches were done in December 2015, and all relevant references until then were taken into consideration. No conclusions about the effects of self-management support interventions on people with dementia could be drawn. Recommendations for future research and practice include that self-management support interventions and effect measurements should be wider in scope than psychological well-being.

scholarly journals Feasibility and acceptability of study methods and psychosocial interventions for body image targeting women diagnosed with breast cancer: a protocol for a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e057309
Author(s):  
Jennifer Brunet ◽  
Jenson Price ◽  
Aurelie Baillot
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Study Methods ◽  
Manual Search

IntroductionImproving body image may help to enhance the quality of life of women diagnosed with breast cancer. Although evidence suggests psychosocial interventions can effectively improve body image in this population, no review to date has assessed their feasibility or acceptability. This manuscript reports the protocol for a review summarising current evidence for the feasibility and acceptability of psychosocial interventions for body image targeting women diagnosed with breast cancer and the study methods used to evaluate the interventions in question to provide recommendations to optimise the success and sustainability of psychosocial interventions for body image and future studies. Results will also help to identify gaps in the existing evidence to provide direction for future research.Methods and analysisWe searched the following databases for articles published in the English language from January 2000 to June 2021 using a systematic search strategy: MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsychINFO and EMBASE. This search will be supplemented with a manual search of reference lists from relevant systematic reviews and included articles. Eligible studies will include peer-reviewed publications reporting on feasibility and acceptability in the evaluation of psychosocial interventions for body image targeting women diagnosed with breast cancer. All study designs are eligible, although articles are required to have reported on an intervention evaluation. Two reviewers will independently carry out study selection, extraction of quantitative and qualitative data and quality assessment. Data will be summarised in a narrative review and thematic analysis.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval is required because this is a protocol for a systematic review. On completion, results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal and for presentation at a relevant conference.Trial registrationThis protocol has been registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews international registry (ID: CRD42021269062, 11 September 2021).

scholarly journals The use of technology by people with dementia and informal carers during COVID-19: a cross-country comparison

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. 25-26
Author(s):  
Ilaria Chirico ◽  
Clarissa Giebel ◽  
Katarzyna Lion ◽  
Maria Mackowiak ◽  
Monica Cations ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Informal Carers

Background:Social distancing rules and the closure of services associated with the COVID-19 pandemic have strongly impacted the physical and mental health of people with dementia. Digital technologies can represent an effective means to compensate for the distress associated with social distancing rules and the decreased use of in-person services. More specifically, technologies such as smartphones, tablets, and smart home systems can minimize the negative effects of social distancing and isolation, and the pressure on health and care systems. Indeed, they can provide a continuity of care and social connectedness, while decreasing exposure to risk. However, barriers such as digital literacy and lower income households can impede the access and use of digital technologies. The aim of this international study was to compare the use of technology by people with dementia from different care settings, and their informal carers across four countries (Italy, UK, Australia, and Poland).Methods:People with dementia and informal carers were invited to participate in semi-structured interviews. Verbatim transcripts were analysed by researchers in each country using inductive thematic analysis.Results:A total of 141 people with dementia and carers (47 in Italy; 50 in the UK; 18 in Australia; 26 in Poland) were interviewed. The analysis identified three overarching themes: 1) different uses of technology (three subthemes); 2) benefits of technology (three subthemes); 3) limitations of technology (three subthemes). Results show that calls, video calls, and group-chats were effectively used across countries to guarantee the continuity of relationships with professionals, families, and small groups of peers. Telemedicine was used with varying levels of satisfaction. Furthermore, the benefits experienced by carers exceeded those for people with dementia. Similar barriers were reported across countries, and were strictly associated with dementia deficits, low level digital literacy, and the need for carer’s supervision.Conclusions:These international findings highlight the importance to maximise the benefits related to the use of technology according to people with dementia’s impairment and care context. Moreover, it should be complementary to in-person care which should be provided, at least to some extent, even during pandemic times.

Light Rail Lite or Cost-Effective Improvements to Bus Service?

2005 ◽  
Vol 1927 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Hess ◽  
Brian D. Taylor ◽  
Allison C. Yoh
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Light Rail ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Service Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bus Service ◽  
The Cost

Bus rapid transit (BRT) is growing rapidly in popularity because it is viewed widely as an efficient and effective means to improve both transit service and patronage. This paper argues that two distinct views of BRT are emerging: ( a) BRT as a new form of high-speed, rubber-tired, rail-like rapid transit and ( b) BRT as a cost-effective way to upgrade both the quality and image of traditional fixed-route bus service. These two views carry different price tags because the cost of planning, constructing, and operating BRT depends on the complexity of new service features and on rises for BRT that offer service characteristics approaching those of light rail. This study fills a gap in the literature on the costs of BRT by examining in detail component costs–-actual costs for recently implemented services and projected costs for planned new services–-for a sample of BRT systems in North American cities. The study examined BRT costs of 14 planned and recently opened BRT systems to determine how the wide range of BRT service and technology configurations affect costs. The study found that although some of the most successful and popular new BRT systems are high-quality services operating in mixed traffic and implemented at relatively low cost, most BRT projects on the drawing boards are more elaborate, more expensive systems than many currently in service. Most new BRT projects emphasize elaborate LRT-type improvements to lines and stations in one or a few corridors rather than less splashy improvements (such as next-bus monitors, signal preemption, queue-jump lanes, and so forth) affecting more lines and modes in local transit networks. Among the 14 systems examined here, most could be characterized as light rail lite.

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