How much does Europe Contribute to Astronomy's Golden Age?

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
HARM HABING
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
The Political ◽  
European Research ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Good Science ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Soccer Team ◽  
The Eu

In December 2000, the political leaders of the EU met in Lisbon and announced that by the year 2010 the EU will be the most competitive, dynamic, knowledge-based economy. My first reaction was: ‘They don't know what they are talking about’. It sounded to me like the pep talk of a coach of a soccer team before a match he knows his team cannot win. It is difficult to promote good science. Patience is needed: at first the results are few and only after several years of consistent policy can the trickle grow into a stream. Patience is not one of the usual qualities of success-driven politicians. Recently (and wisely) our beloved leaders lowered their ambitions and adopted a new target: by 2010 all EU members will spend 3% of their GNP on research and development. This is promising, if the money is spent wisely. To do research at the highest level money is certainly needed, but brains and organisation are needed as well. In this paper I address the question: how does European research in astronomy compare with that in the USA?

scholarly journals Innovation Safety Management by Shaping the Law on Non-Practising Entities (Patent Trolls) in the USA and EU

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
Tomasz Odzimek
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Patent Law ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Law ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Eu

AbstractIn a knowledge-based economy, innovation resulting from R & D activities and subsequent management of their legal safety are of particular importance. Incorrect patent law can lead to abuse in the area of innovation security on a large scale through the activities of the NPE organization (patent trolls). This phenomenon is particularly noticeable in the US while in the EU it is at a negligible level.The aim of the article is to demonstrate and prove by using comparative literature and documents analysis of US and EU, that inappropriate law leads to violations of innovation safety through the unhampered activity of patent trolls, while a change of the law to more restrictive law is a right step to reduce the patent trolling. On the other hand, the author proves that in an area with a less liberal definition of patentability, there are no many violations of innovation safety through patent trolling.

scholarly journals Axiological Vectors in the American and Russian Presidental Discourse: The State of the Union Address and the Address to the Russian Federal Assembly Compared

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2(2)) ◽  
pp. 121-150
Author(s):  
Ruslan Saduov
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
State Of The Union ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Presidential Discourse ◽  
The Given

Presidential discourse is an indicative of axiological and other developmental vectors of a linguocultural community. It informs one about the main social, cultural, economic, and political changes in a country. In this respect, the annual State of the Union Address in the USA and the Address to the Federal Assembly in Russia are seen as the highlights of the political calendar in both countries, as these statements summarise the most relevant issues and enable their respective leaders to elaborate on their vision of their nation’s future. This paper aims to analise and compare the axiological vectors developed in the given presidential addresses in both Russia and the USA in the period from 2009 to 2015. It traces not only the most relevant values promoted by the political leaders, but also any axiological changes that occurred in the eventful years under investigation. The results of the research inform one about the current axiological identities of the linguocultural communities in question and the changing vectors of their development.

scholarly journals Knowledge Economy Indicators and Their Impact on the Sustainable Competitiveness of the EU Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 4172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Širá ◽  
Roman Vavrek ◽  
Ivana Kravčáková Vozárová ◽  
Rastislav Kotulič
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Topsis Method ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Multi Criteria Evaluation ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Knowledge Economies ◽  
The Eu

In today’s turbulent world influenced by globalization, knowledge is becoming a key factor in the market. Every economy, if it wants to be successful and competitive, must pay more attention to knowledge and its creation, transfer, and preservation. In this respect, it is a key element in ensuring a country’s sustainable position in a competitive environment. Based on this, we set out the main idea of the article as follows: increased emphasis on the factors of a knowledge-based economy affects the growth of the country’s competitiveness, which contributes to its better sustainability. To verify the idea, we used a multi-criteria evaluation of countries by the TOPSIS method and a subsequent regression model. We examined developments in the EU countries over a period of 11 years in selected indicators typical for the knowledge economies, in the area of competitiveness. Finally, we examined the sustainability of EU countries. Based on the findings of these methods, we identified the leading country—Sweden—in the field of knowledge economy, competitiveness, and sustainability.

INNOVATION, PATENTS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 279-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
RIFAT A. ATUN ◽  
IAN HARVEY ◽  
JOFF WILD
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Enterprise Value ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Eu

Empirical evidence demonstrates the value of intellectual property (IP) in creating economic growth, enhancing productivity and profitability, and increasing enterprise value. Research and Development (R&D) intensive industries, such as the life sciences, where patents are critical to competition, need an enabling environment to institutionalise innovation and IP generation and reward investments in IP. The US has approached IP strategically and created an IP infrastructure. Japan aims to develop into an "IP nation". China has an increasingly well-developed IP system. In contrast, the European Union (EU), which aims to become the world's leading knowledge-based economy, has a fragmented and expensive system of national patents. It lacks an environment which values investment in IP generation and management. Until recently, the EU enjoyed global competitive advantage in the life sciences, but this advantage has been lost. To regain this competitive advantage the EU must invest substantially in R&D, IP generation and commercialisation of these outputs.

scholarly journals Instrument for the Visualization and Evaluation of the Intellectual Property Assets in the Knowledge Based Economy

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
Mihail Aurel Ţîţu ◽  
Constantin Oprean ◽  
Andreea Simina Răulea ◽  
Ştefan Ţîţu
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
European Research ◽  
Evaluation Instrument ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
Innovation Knowledge

AbstractThe intellectual property is a concept of whose content and materialization find themselves more and more in the attention of the researchers and practitioners. The increased number of the works that approach such an issue is the argument that supports the previous affirmation. The intellectual property assets attract the interest of all the organizations from the local to the global level. The important pillars of the European Strategy 2020 formulated by the European Commission are based on the capitalization of the innovation knowledge and of the intellectual property. The increased interest towards innovation and intangible assets is given to the awareness of their economic potential. This is the reason why the evaluation and the valuation of the intellectual property capitalization propose an evaluation methodology unanimously accepted. The aim of this article is to present a visualization and evaluation instrument for the intellectual property assets, realized in a framework of a European research project with 15 partners from countries that are situated in the South Eastern Europe.

scholarly journals Innowacyjnoœść polskich przedsiębiorstw na tle Unii Europejskiej

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
Paweł Mielcarek
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
The Eu

One of the most crucial factors of development of a knowledge-based economy is the innovativeness of enterprises, which leads to the growth the competitiveness of firms and econo-mies. The main goal of the article is to examine the innovativeness of Polish enterprises againstthe backcloth of the European Union and relation of innovativeness and development of knowledge-based economy. According to a study carried out by Eurostat (CIS 4) in the years 2002–-2004, the chief source of innovation in Poland and the entire European Union is enterprises’ inhouse research. A much less significant role is played by higher schools and public R&D units.Polish enterprises are below the EU average, both in terms of the proportion of firms engaged ininnovative activity and the proportion of those which have applied for patents.

scholarly journals Efficiency of the research and development activities of technical universities in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-274
Author(s):  
Irena Łącka ◽  
◽  
Łukasz Brzezicki ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Transfer Of Technology ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Social Innovations ◽  
Dea Method ◽  
Low Efficiency

In the 21st century knowledge-based economy, long-term economic growth and development depend on the ability to use the knowledge and technology so as to create product, process, organisational, marketing and even social innovations. The knowledge and technology, human resources and social capital (facilitating the transfer of technology from the world of science to the economy), comprise the most important production factors today. Research and development (R&D) activities are among the diverse determinants affecting the economy’s ability to innovate. They are carried out by public technical universities. One of the tasks that these entities face is to conduct basic, industrial (applied) research and development works. Their results can then be transferred to industrial and service enterprises as novel solutions. Research and development activities of universities are financed mainly from public sources, which suggests the need to assess the efficiency of this task. This can be done with the use of various methods, e.g. the non-parametric DEA method. The purpose of the paper is to measure the efficiency of research and development activities of public technical universities in Poland with the aid of the DEA method. The fourteen universities which in the years 2015–2017 reported to the Ministry of Science and Higher Education (MNiSW) were included in the study. The efficiency of the universities in filing new patent solutions and being granted patents was analysed. The results acquired indicate very low and low efficiency of most Polish technical universities. This is due both to a small number of patent applications and a small number of patents granted. In the examined period, the group of most efficient technical universities in both aspects comprised 4 to 5 universities.

scholarly journals The Service Sector of a Knowledge-based Economy – a Comparative Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grażyna Węgrzyn
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
European Economies ◽  
The Eu

The study objective was identification of the service industries that determine the rate and lines of development of a knowledge-based economy. The analysis covered the EU member countries and the years of 2008-2012. This report consists of four sections. The first one provides the characteristics of a knowledgebased economy and describes the role of services sector in progressing towards this stage of development. The second section offers a classification of services that led to establishing the category of knowledge-based services. The industries classified as knowledge-based services contribute directly to the creation, processing and distribution of knowledge throughout an economy. The following part presents a division of the EU member economies into four groups, depending on their advancement towards the knowledge-based economy as defined by two indices: the Knowledge Economy Index (KEI) and the Knowledge Index (KI). The study concluded on empirical verification of the significance of knowledge-based services within individual European economies. In a knowledge-based economy, where knowledge is the key factor in gaining a competitive advantage, it is just the services related to knowledge acquisition, distribution and creation that drive the economic growth. The development level of service activities classified as knowledge-based services largely determines the economy’s performance in knowledge creation, distribution and use. This is so because these activities directly contribute to the economy’s competitive advantage based on knowledge.

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