Changes in the Level of Immunoglobulins in the Danzig Quintuplets in Their First Year of Life

1972 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
pp. 175-177
Author(s):  
J. Bowszyc ◽  
Janina Bowszyc
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Radial Diffusion ◽  
First Year ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Second Year Of Life ◽  
Second Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

The level of immunoglobulins G, A, and M, were determined in the Danzig quintuplets using the method of single radial diffusion in the 5th, 6th, and 16th month of life. The IgG, IgM, and IgA level increased more slowly than in full-term healthy infants, but in the second year of life the level of IgG and IgM in the quintuplets corresponded already to normal values. The highest of IgG and IgM levels at the age of 16 months were found in the child with the lowest birth weight and in the children with most severe pneumonia in their first year of life.

scholarly journals Predictors of linear growth in the first year of life of a prospective cohort of full term children with normal birth weight

2012 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valterlinda A. de O. Queiroz ◽  
Ana Marlúcia O. Assis ◽  
Sandra Maria C. Pinheiro ◽  
Hugo da C. Ribeiro Junior
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Full Term ◽  
First Year ◽  
Normal Birth Weight ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abnormal Behavior in Non-Isolate-Reared Rhesus Monkeys

1973 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Erwin ◽  
G. Mitchell ◽  
Terry Maple
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
First Year ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
The Third ◽  
Expression Of Emotion ◽  
Second Year Of Life ◽  
Second Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

The research reported here documents the existence of self-directed aggression in non-isolate-reared rhesus monkeys. Ss for this series of studies were reared with their mothers for most of the first year of life, and each animal experienced constant social access to a like-sexed peer throughout its second year of life. Significant amounts of social contact were also provided during the third and fourth years. Ss were observed in social situations at approximately 1, 2, 2½, 3, and 4½ yr. of age, and some self-biting was observed at each age. Self-aggression occurred primarily in semi-stressful contexts which apparently did not allow appropriate outward-directed expression of emotion. The use of socially reared animals as models for the study of self-directed aggression is suggested as an alternative to the use of isolate-reared Ss.

scholarly journals Effect of milk protein content in Toddler formula on later BMI and obesity risk: protocol of the multicentre randomised controlled Toddler Milk Intervention (ToMI) trial

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e048290
Author(s):  
Veit Grote ◽  
Vanessa Jaeger ◽  
Joaquin Escribano ◽  
Marta Zaragoza ◽  
Mariona Gispert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
First Year ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Second Year Of Life ◽  
Second Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

IntroductionReduction of milk protein content in infant formula provided during the first year of life has been shown to reduce early weight gain and obesity later in life. While rapid weight gain during the first 2 years of life is one of the strongest early predictors of obesity, the role of animal protein intake beyond the first year of life is unclear. The aim of this study is to examine the role of milk protein during the second year of life in healthy children on weight gain and obesity risk in preschool age.Methods and analysisThis randomised, double-blinded study enrolled 1618 children aged 11.5–13.5 months in Spain and Germany into two groups receiving isocaloric toddler milk with differing protein content during the second year of life. The experimental formula contains 1.5 g/100 kcal and the control formula 6.15 g/100 kcal protein and otherwise equal formula composition, except for modified fat content to achieve equal energy density. The primary endpoint is body mass index (BMI)-for-age z-score at the age of 24 months adjusted for BMI at 12 months of age. The children are followed until 6 years of age.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from the ethical committees of the LMU University Hospital Munich, Germany (Nr. 555-15) and at Institut d’Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Reus, Spain (Ref. CEIm IISPV 013/2016). We aim at publishing results in peer-reviewed journals and sharing of results with study participants.Trial registration numberNCT02907502.

Rearing Infant Rhesus Together

Behaviour ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 47 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 48-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Chamove
Keyword(s):  
Social Play ◽  
First Year ◽  
Antecedent Conditions ◽  
Second Year Of Life ◽  
Second Year ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Increasing Function ◽  
Infant Rhesus

AbstractTo analyze the antecedent conditions of the together-together syndrome, 6 subjects were reared in pairs, 6 in pairs separated on alternate weeks, 6 in pairs which changed in composition weekly, 6 in a group of 6, and 6 in individual cages. When tested in groups of 6 during the first year of life and with infants, juveniles, and adults during the second year of life, it was found that (a) self-play and social play increased and self-cling and aggression decreased as an increasing function of the number of rearing partners; (b) social cling was greatest in subjects reared constantly with the same animals, and was independent of the amount of play exhibited by a group.

An inevitable crisis? From first to second year in counsellor training

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-89
Author(s):  
Hugh Crago
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
First Year ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Counsellor Training ◽  
Student Dropout ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Neurological Research ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
And Control

In a seminal 1973 paper, Robert Clark described the very different “cultures” of the first and second year students in a four year clinical psychology PhD programme. The author applies Clark’s template to his own experiences as trainee or trainer in five different counsellor education programmes, one in the US and four in Australia. Each of the programmes, to varying degrees, demonstrates key features of the pattern identified by Clark, where the first year is “therapeutic” and other-oriented, the second is “professional” and self-focused. The author concludes that all the surveyed programmes exhibited some level of “second year crisis”, in which a significant number of students felt abandoned, dissatisfied, or rebellious. The author extends and refines Clark’s developmental analogy (first year = childhood; second year = adolescence) to reflect recent neurological research, in particular, the shift from a right hemisphere-dominant first year of life, prioritising affiliative needs, to a left hemisphere-dominant second year, prioritising autonomy and control. This shift is paralleled later by a more gradual move from a protective, supportive childhood to necessary, but sometimes conflictual, individuation in adolescence. The first two years of a counsellor training programme broadly echo this process, a process exacerbated by the second year internship/placement, in which students must “leave home” and adjust to unfamiliar, potentially less nurturing, authority figures. Finally, the author suggests introducing more rigorous “academic holding” into the first year, and greater attention to “therapeutic holding” of dissident students in the second, hopefully decreasing student dropout, and achieving a better balanced training experience.

scholarly journals Levels of Predominant Intestinal Microorganisms in 1 Month-Old Full-Term Babies and Weight Gain During the First Year of Life

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2412
Author(s):  
Sonia González ◽  
Marta Selma-Royo ◽  
Silvia Arboleya ◽  
Cecilia Martínez-Costa ◽  
Gonzalo Solís ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Full Term ◽  
First Year ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Term Newborns ◽  
Infant Weight Gain ◽  
First Year Of Life

The early life gut microbiota has been reported to be involved in neonatal weight gain and later infant growth. Therefore, this early microbiota may constitute a target for the promotion of healthy neonatal growth and development with potential consequences for later life. Unfortunately, we are still far from understanding the association between neonatal microbiota and weight gain and growth. In this context, we evaluated the relationship between early microbiota and weight in a cohort of full-term infants. The absolute levels of specific fecal microorganisms were determined in 88 vaginally delivered and 36 C-section-delivered full-term newborns at 1 month of age and their growth up to 12 months of age. We observed statistically significant associations between the levels of some early life gut microbes and infant weight gain during the first year of life. Classifying the infants into tertiles according to their Staphylococcus levels at 1 month of age allowed us to observe a significantly lower weight at 12 months of life in the C-section-delivered infants from the highest tertile. Univariate and multivariate models pointed out associations between the levels of some fecal microorganisms at 1 month of age and weight gain at 6 and 12 months. Interestingly, these associations were different in vaginally and C-section-delivered babies. A significant direct association between Staphylococcus and weight gain at 1 month of life was observed in vaginally delivered babies, whereas in C-section-delivered infants, lower Bacteroides levels at 1 month were associated with higher later weight gain (at 6 and 12 months). Our results indicate an association between the gut microbiota and weight gain in early life and highlight potential microbial predictors for later weight gain.

Factors Associated with Maternal Opinion of Infant Development—Clues to the Vulnerable Child?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 537-543
Author(s):  
Marie C. McCormick ◽  
Sam Shapiro ◽  
Barbara Starfield
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
First Year ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

A mother's expectations about the development of her infant have been found to be a strong determinant of child development, but little is known about the factors that may affect maternal assessment of development. In this study, the relationship of the mother's opinion of the development of her infant with several sociodemographic, antenatal, intrapartum, and infant health variables was examined for a large sample of 1-year-old infants for whom gross motor observations were also obtained at the time of the interview. Among those observed to be developing at an appropriate rate, 4.0% were perceived by their mothers as developing more slowly than the mothers considered normal; among infants developing more slowly, 28.6% were considered to be developing slowly by their mothers. In both groups, the major determinants of maternal opinion of slow development concerned the infant's health: low birth weight, congenital anomalies regardless of severity, hospitalization during the first year of life, and high ambulatory care use. These results indicate that maternal perception of infant development may not reflect the infant's level, but past or present illness, and raise questions about the influence of infant health on maternal-infant interactions and the effect of such interactions on subsequent development in the child.

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