A machine translation mechanism of Brazilian Portuguese to Libras with syntactic-semantic adequacy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Manuella Aschoff C. B. Lima ◽  
Tiago Maritan U. de Araújo ◽  
Rostand E. O. Costa ◽  
Erickson S. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Deaf People ◽  
Sign Languages ◽  
Automatic Translation ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Semantic Translation ◽  
Translation Component ◽  
Translation Mechanism ◽  
Brazilian Sign Language

Abstract Deaf people communicate naturally using visual-spatial languages, called sign languages (SL). Although SLs are recognized as a language in many countries, the problems faced by Deaf people for accessing information remain. As a result, they have difficulties exercising their citizenship and access information in SLs, which usually leads to linguistic and knowledge acquisition delays. Some scientific works have been developed to address these problems related to the machine translation of spoken languages to sign languages. However, the existing machine translation platforms have some limitations, especially in syntactic and lexical nature. Thus, this work aims to develop a mechanism for machine translation to Libras, the Brazilian Sign Language, with syntactic-semantic adequacy. It consists of an automatic translation component for Libras based on syntactic-semantic translation rules and a formal syntactic-semantic rule description language. As proof of concept of the proposed approach, we created a specific grammar for Libras translation exploring these aspects and integrating these elements into VLibras Suite, a service for machine translation of digital content in Brazilian Portuguese (BP) to Libras. We performed several tests using this modified version of VLibras to measure the level of comprehension of the output generated by the new translator mechanism. In the computational experiments, as well as in the actual tests with Deaf and hearing users, the proposed approach was able to improve the results of the current VLibras version.

Assessment of the Treatment of Grammatical Aspects of Machine Translators to Libras

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Silva Reis ◽  
Tiago Maritan U. De Araújo ◽  
Yuska Paola Costa Aguiar ◽  
Manuella Aschoff C.B. Lima ◽  
Angelina S. da Silva Sales
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Machine Translation ◽  
Machine Tools ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Deaf People ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Sign Languages ◽  
Barriers To Access ◽  
Brazilian Sign Language ◽  
Significant Weakness

Currently, a set of technologies has been developed with the aim of reducing barriers to access to information for deaf people, such as machine tools for sign languages. However, these technologies have some limitations related to the difficult of handling some specific grammatical aspects of the sign languages, which can make the translations less fluent, and influence the deaf users experience. To address this problem, this study analyzes the machine translation of contents from Brazilian Portuguese (Pt-br) into Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) performed by three machine translators: ProDeaf, HandTalk and VLibras. More specifically, we performed an experiment with some Brazilian human interpreters that evaluate the treatment of some specific grammatical aspects in these three applications. As a result, we observed a significant weakness in the evaluation regarding the adequacy treatment of homonymous words, denial adverbs and directional verbs in the translations performed by the applications, which indicates the need for these tools to improve in the treatment of these grammatical aspects.

Identifying Intensification Processes in Brazilian Sign Language in the Framework of Brazilian Portuguese Machine Translation

2018 ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
Francisco Aulísio dos S. Paiva ◽  
José Mario De Martino ◽  
Plínio A. Barbosa ◽  
Pablo P. F. Faria ◽  
Ivani R. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Machine Translation ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Brazilian Sign Language

scholarly journals Falibras Translator: Towards More Health Care Humanization for Deaf People

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor Marcolino ◽  
Natália Franco ◽  
Patrick Brito ◽  
Luis Coradine
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Translation System ◽  
Deaf People ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Translation Mechanism ◽  
Brazilian Sign Language

This work presents Falibras, a translation system between Portuguese and Brazilian Sign Language (LIBRAS) that aims to help both, deaf people and hearers, in trying to communicate. Falibras offers an important tool to provide easy communication and more humanization of health care for deaf people. This paper presents some of the re-engineered artifacts of the Falibras system. Moreover, a discussion about its applicability in e-Health is also presented. Among its main applications, this system supports language learning, both sign and writing language, autonomy for deaf people and humanization in health care. Falibras also gives the possibility of generalizing the translation process in order to allow the translation from any written language to any target language (written, spoken or signaled). Thus, the translation mechanism does not limit the languages involved.

scholarly journals Deaf Ni-Vanuatu and their signs: A sociolinguistic study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jacqueline Iseli
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Deaf People ◽  
Deaf Community ◽  
Sign Languages ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Field Methodology ◽  
Degree Of Similarity ◽  
Similarity Of Signs

<p>This thesis provides the first documentation and description of the signs created and used by deaf individuals in Vanuatu. The specific aims of this research were as follows: to establish the sociolinguistic context experienced by deaf people in Vanuatu; to identify the repertoire and characteristics of signs used by the deaf participants; to compare features of participants’ individual signs with the characteristics of home signs and emerging sign languages; and to consider the degree of similarity and potential similarity of signs between participants and how this reflects individuals’ opportunities for contact with other deaf people and signing interlocutors. The limitations of this study are that field methodology for data collection was developed in situ as conditions allowed. The sociolinguistic context for deaf Ni-Vanuatu confirms that language isolation leads to marginalisation from community and society. The study established that these home sign lexicons were limited in quantity and conceptual range, and that shared background knowledge was essential for comprehension. Overall, 22 handshapes were documented, and the predominant handshapes unmarked. Most participants preferred handling strategy for depicting signs. Some evidence of noun-verb distinction was noted in the repertoire of some participants. However, across this range of formational characteristics, results showed significant individual variations. Furthermore, multiple barriers have precluded development of a shared sign language and any form of deaf community.</p>

scholarly journals Interlingua in machine translation systems for sign languages

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (20) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Mikhail Gennadyevich Grif ◽  
Maria Kirillovna Timofeeva
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Sign Languages ◽  
Translation Systems

scholarly journals Identificação das Funcionalidades de um Assistente de Comunicação aos Surdos Aplicando Técnicas de Elicitação de Requisitos

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Araújo Belém ◽  
Gabriela Fidelis de Oliveira ◽  
Luiz Sousa da Silveira ◽  
Priscila Silva Fernandes ◽  
Vitor Bremgartner da Frota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Deaf People ◽  
Brazilian Sign Language ◽  
Simultaneous Translation

Deaf people have difficulty communicating due to the lack of masteryof Libras (Brazilian sign language for deaf citizens). New systemshave emerged to support the communication of people withhearing disabilities with regard to: simultaneous translation, teachingof Libras and presentation of animations. However, these systemsdo not have ready-made phrases or support for emergencysituations. Considering this scenario, this article presents the proposalof the Communication Assistant to the Deaf (AComS), whichaims to support the communication of people with hearing loss,complementing the features already presented by existing systemssuch as VLibras, HandTalk and MIDOAA. After the application ofrequirements gathering techniques such as document analysis andbenchmarking, a high-fidelity prototype of the system was proposed,which presents the various features of AComS in its mobileversion.

scholarly journals Experimentação na educação química: elaboração de sinais em libras para práticas de laboratório

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Geilson Rodrigues Da Silva ◽  
Talina Meirely Nery Dos Santos ◽  
Griscele Souza De Jesus ◽  
Lucas Pereira Gandra
Keyword(s):  
General Chemistry ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Bilingual Education ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Deaf People ◽  
Scientific Concepts ◽  
Deaf Students ◽  
Brazilian Sign Language

Resumo: A Química é uma Ciência com poucos sinais específicos em Língua Brasileira de Sinais para o ensino de pessoas com surdez. Essa barreira de linguagem pode ocasionar obstáculos de aprendizagem aos estudantes surdos. Sendo assim, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivos catalogar verbetes e criar sinais para a utilização em aulas práticas de Química. Para coleta de dados foram levantados os termos na literatura no dicionário ilustrado trilíngue que possuíssem relações com a disciplina de Química, ao qual foram categorizados a partir da Análise de Conteúdo, em função do seu emprego e utilização. Realizou-se a análise quantitativa dos termos mais presentes em roteiros de aulas experimentais, usadas na disciplina de Química Geral e Experimental Ida Licenciatura em Química do IFMS campus Coxim. Sendo elaborados quatro sinais de instrumentos do laboratório de Química que apresentam potencial para serem utilizados em práticas bilíngues, no ensino superior e médio.Palavras-chave: Educação Bilíngue; Formação de Conceitos Científicos; Práticas Experimentais. Experimentation in chemical education: elaboration signals in libras for laboratory practicesAbstract: Chemistry is a Science with few specific signs in Brazilian Sign Language for teaching deaf people. This language barrier can lead to learning obstacles for deaf students. Thus, the present research had as objectives to catalog entries and to create signals for the use in practical classes of Chemistry. In order to collect data, the terms in the literature in the trilingual illustrated dictionary that had relations with the discipline of Chemistry were categorized from the Content Analysis, according to their use and use. A quantitative analysis of the most present terms was carried out in experimental classes, used in the General Chemistry and Experimental I subject of the Chemistry Degree of the IFMS campus Coxim. Four signs of chemistry laboratory instruments are being developed, which have the potential to be used in bilingual practices in higher and secondary education.Keywords: Bilingual Education; Formation of Scientific Concepts; Experimental Practices. 

scholarly journals INFORMAÇÃO PARA E PELOS SURDOS: SOBRE TRANSMISSÃO AUDIOVISUAL EM LIBRAS E DESENVOLVIMENTO DA CRITICIDADE

polemica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Jaciara Sá Carvalho ◽  
Rita de Cássia Martins da Costa Brito
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Critical Consciousness ◽  
Deaf People ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
Sign Language Interpreters ◽  
Transmission Of Information ◽  
The World ◽  
Brazilian Sign Language

Resumo: Cerca de 5% da população brasileira possui algum grau de perda de audição (IBGE, 2010). São dez milhões de brasileiros com dificuldades de acesso às informações sobre as realidades de seu país e do mundo, ao conhecimento sistematizado pelas ciências etc. Alguns programas audiovisuais recorrem a legendas em Português e/ou intérpretes da Língua Brasileira de Sinais – Libras, atuando nas chamadas “janelinhas”, sendo exceção os produzidos por profissionais surdos e apresentados por eles em primeiro plano na tela. Sob tal contexto de discussão, e partindo da premissa da formação humana ao longo da vida, este artigo apresenta uma problematização acerca das diferenças entre a transmissão de informações por surdos e por intérpretes a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica. O trabalho sugere que uma informação transmitida de surdo para surdo, em audiovisuais, estaria mais próxima ao conteúdo original da mensagem e ao universo linguístico e cultural das comunidades Surdas. Também expõe uma reflexão sobre a necessidade de ampliação do repertório informacional para o desenvolvimento (permanente) da consciência crítica (FREIRE, 1979) pelos surdos que anseiam “ser mais”.Palavras-chave: Surdez. Libras. Acesso à informação. Abstract: About 5% of the Brazilian population has some degree of hearing loss (IBGE, 2010). There are ten million Brazilians who have difficulty accessing information about the realities of their country and of the world, knowledge drawn up by the sciences, etc. Some audiovisual programs use Portuguese subtitles and/or Brazilian Sign Language interpreters (Libras) acting in their little "windows" as they are called, with the exception of those produced by deaf professionals and presented to them in the foreground of the screen. Under this context of discussion, and based on the premise of human lifelong training, this article presents an examination of the differences between the transmission of information by deaf people and by interpreters, based on bibliographic research. The paper points out that information transmitted from deaf to deaf in audiovisuals would be closer to the original content of the message, and to the linguistic and cultural universe of the deaf community. It also presents a reflection on the need to expand the informational repertoire for the (permanent) development of critical consciousness (FREIRE, 1979) by deaf people who yearn to "be more."Keywords: Deafness. Libras. Access to information.

scholarly journals Creating Sign Language Web Forms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma-Jane E. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
American Sign Language ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Spatial Language ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Deaf People ◽  
Language Form ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Online Forms

Currently, the World Wide Web allows web pages to be produced in most written languages. Many deaf people, however, use a visual-spatial language with no written equivalent (e.g. American Sign Language). SignLink Studio, a software tool for designing sign language web pages, allows for hyperlinking within video clips so that sign language only web pages can be created. However, this tool does not allow for other interactive elements such as online forms. In this thesis, a model for an online sign language form is proposed and evaluated. A study consisting of 22 participants was conducted to examine whether there were differences in performance of preferences between sign language forms and text forms, and between two presentation styles (all-at-once versus one-at-a-time). The results showed that there was no clear performance advantage between sign language and text; however, participants were interested in having online questions presented in sign language. Also, there were no advantages in performance or preferences between presentation styles.

scholarly journals Post-editing and legal translation

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiorenza Mileto
Keyword(s):  
Experiential Learning ◽  
Machine Translation ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Project Based Learning ◽  
Automatic Verification ◽  
Screen Readers ◽  
Automatic Translation ◽  
Legal Translation ◽  
Interdisciplinary Nature ◽  
The Creation

At UNINT, the courses dedicated to technologies are inspired by the principles of PBL (project-based learning) and experiential learning. Following this approach, in the courses dedicated to assisted and automatic translation the students perform experiments to test some aspects or address problems that are detected through the observation of the translation industry: i.e., the compatibility of screen readers with CATs for blind users, the testing of Adaptive Machine Translation (AMT) systems being developed, the verification of the usefulness of the output of Machine Translation (MT) not only for translators but also for interpreters. This year, during the automatic translation and post-editing laboratory, thanks to the interdisciplinary nature of the courses dealing with translation technologies, a group of students carried out experiments on materials made available by the teacher of active legal translation module. The aim was to verify how effective the automatic translation integrated with the assisted translation from Italian into English was on a determined type of text, using procedures like pre-editing, the creation of ad hoc translation memories based on legacy material and the automatic verification of terminology through the creation of specific glossaries.

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