scholarly journals Resisting Urges to Self-Injure

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. David Klonsky ◽  
Catherine R. Glenn
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Future Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Perceived Helpfulness ◽  
Skin Cutting

AbstractThe present study explored whether and how self-injurers attempt to resist urges to harm themselves. Participants were 39 young adults with a history of skin cutting and other non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors. A structured interview assessed the prevalence and perceived helpfulness of 48 methods for resisting self-injurious urges. Ninety percent of participants indicated that they had made efforts to resist urges to self-injure. These individuals had used an average of 16 different methods, and reported that they were successful in resisting the urges most of the time. “Keeping busy” and “Being around friends” were the most common methods used to resist self-injurious urges. However, “Doing sports or exercise” and “Removing the means/instruments typically used to self-harm from the home” were rated as being the most helpful for resisting self-injurious urges. Findings have implications for enhancing treatment and guiding future research.

scholarly journals Within-Person Fluctuations of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Implicit Associations: An Ecological Momentary Assessment of Suicide and Self-Harm Risk.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Models ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Implicit Associations ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Subject Variables ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

While a number of studies have demonstrated that those with a history of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) hold greater implicit associations toward self-harm, no study has examined how these associations change daily. The proposed study was threefold: (1) replicate prior findings that those with a history of NSSI score higher on the implicit association test (IAT), (2) explore whether NSSI-IAT scores change daily, and (3) examine how these changes in NSSI-IAT scores relate to thoughts of NSSI and suicide. A sample of eligible participants completed a series of baseline measures assessing NSSI, depression, and completed the NSSI-IAT. Participants then responded to daily prompts on their mobile device about their thoughts of NSSI and suicide and completed the NSSI-IAT daily in a laboratory. Generalized linear mixed models were conducted to assess within-person variability, as well as between-subject variables in the proposed study. Future research using the NSSI-IAT daily and assessing emotional consequences of participation in studies that use daily-prompting are discussed.

Perceptions of Dating Violence and Associated Correlates: A Study of College Young Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (21) ◽  
pp. 3245-3271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina M. Dardis ◽  
Katie M. Edwards ◽  
Erika L. Kelley ◽  
Christine A. Gidycz
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Prevention Messages ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ipv Perpetration ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Male To Female

The purpose of this study was to better understand young adults’ perceptions of what behaviors constitute intimate partner violence (IPV) and the correlates of these perceptions using a comprehensive measure of IPV perceptions and behaviors. Participants were undergraduates (aged 18-25), including 357 women and 346 men ( N = 703) from the midwestern region of the United States, who completed surveys for course credit. Results demonstrated that young women and men on average reported that acts of physical, sexual, and psychological IPV were abusive. However, young women generally rated these behaviors as more abusive than young men, male-to-female (M-to-F) IPV was viewed as more abusive than female-to-male (F-to-M) IPV, and physical IPV was considered the most abusive form of IPV, followed by sexual IPV, which was rated as more abusive than psychological IPV. Furthermore, among men, a history of IPV perpetration and victimization generally predicted decreased perceptions that acts were abusive; however, among women, histories of IPV perpetration and victimization were generally unrelated to abuse perceptions. These data underscore the importance of the inclusion of psychoeducation about the seriousness of all forms of IPV in IPV prevention programming and the importance of situation-specific and targeted IPV prevention messages. Moreover, future research is needed to replicate and better understand the explanatory mechanisms underlying the relationships among a history of IPV, abuse perceptions, and gender.

scholarly journals Exposure to and experience of self-harm and self-harm related content: An exploratory network analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia J Kirtley ◽  
Ian Hussey ◽  
Lisa Marzano
Keyword(s):  
Network Models ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Graphical Lasso ◽  
Temporal Relationships ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Larger Sample

Exposure to the self-harm behaviour of others plays a role in individuals’ own self-harm thoughts and behaviours, but there has been little consideration of the broader range of mediums through which exposure to self-harm related content may occur. N = 477 participants completed an online study, including questions regarding lifetime history of self-harm thoughts and behaviours and the frequency with which they had been exposed to self-harm via various mediums. Gaussian Markov random field network models were estimated using graphical LASSO and extended Bayesian information criterion. Bootstrapping revealed that exposure mediums with a direct connection to self-harm thoughts and behaviours were the internet (rrp = .34, 95% CI [.26, .42]) and in-passing ‘miscellaneous’ exposure (rrp = .14, 95% CI [.00, .23]). However, stability of the network centrality was low (expected influence stability = 0.52). The node with the greatest increase in expected influence within the network was miscellaneous “in-passing” exposure. In-passing exposure is an understudied exposure medium. Our results may suggest new types of exposure mediums for future research. Data were cross-sectional, so temporal relationships between exposure and behaviour could not be determined. Low stability of the networks suggests that future similar studies would benefit from larger sample sizes.

scholarly journals Suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-harm: national prevalence study of young adults

BJPsych Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory C. O'Connor ◽  
Karen Wetherall ◽  
Seonaid Cleare ◽  
Sarah Eschle ◽  
Julie Drummond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
National Prevalence

BackgroundThere are few prevalence studies of suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-harm (NSSH).AimsWe aimed to estimate the prevalence of thoughts of NSSH, suicidal thoughts, NSSH and suicide attempts among 18- to 34-year-olds in Scotland.MethodWe interviewed a representative sample of young adults from across Scotland.ResultsWe interviewed 3508 young people; 11.3 and 16.2% reported a lifetime history of suicide attempts and NSSH, respectively. The first episode of NSSH tended to precede the first suicide attempt by about 2 years. Age at onset of NSSH and suicide attempt was younger in females. Earlier age at onset was associated with more frequent NSSH/suicide attempts. Women are significantly more likely to report NSSH and suicide attempts compared with men.ConclusionsOne in nine young people has attempted suicide and one in six has engaged in NSSH. Clinicians should be vigilant, as suicide attempts and NSSH are relatively common.Declaration of interestNone.

How much does love really hurt? Psychopathology and romantic relationships: A meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S696-S696
Author(s):  
A. Mirsu-Paun ◽  
J.A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Model Combining ◽  
Self Harm

IntroductionRomantic relationship quality (RRQ) and break-ups (RRB) among young adults have been associated with the onset of a first major depressive episode or suicide attempts. However, the size of these associations varies across studies and the relative weight of RRB versus RRQ needs to be understood.ObjectivesTo investigate (1) the size of the association between adolescent RRQ/RRB and psychopathology (i.e., depression, suicide ideation, deliberate self-harm, and suicide attempt); and (2) the role of potential moderators (e.g., gender, age, and nationality).MethodsA meta-analysis of 20 manuscripts reporting on 21 studies (n = 19623) was conducted, focusing specifically on adolescents and young adults. Studies focused on physically abusive relationships were excluded.ResultsA model combining relationship quality and break-up yielded a highly significant association between relationship measures and depression/self-harm but the strength of this relationship was modest (r = .229). The strength of the association between depression/self-harm and RRQ (r = .279) was statistically different from RRB (r = .145) (P = .006). Location (US vs. Non-US) had no effect. Age was not significant, B = -0.005, 95% CI [-0.026, 0.016], P = .647. Gender was a weak moderator (B = .160, 95% CI [-0.021, 0.340], P = .083).ConclusionsThe association between psychopathology and RRQ/RRB was statistically significant but relatively small. RRQ was a stronger predictor of depression compared to RRB. This association was slightly stronger for women than for men. Implications for practice and future research will be discussed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Description and Evaluation of the Job Designs Project for Adolescents and Young Adults with Emotional or Behavioral Disorders

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bullis ◽  
H. D. Bud Fredericks ◽  
Constance Lehman ◽  
Kathleen Paris. Janet Corbitt ◽  
Brian Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Vocational Programs ◽  
Program Success ◽  
Vocational Services ◽  
History Of ◽  
Training And Support ◽  
Emotional Or Behavioral Disorders

This article describes the Job Designs Project, a 3-year model demonstration effort that provided vocational services to adolescents and young adults with emotional or behavioral disorders. Vocational trainers offered job placement, training, and support to the participants. Of the 58 participants, 46 (79%) secured competitive work and 17 of the 46 were placed in multiple job placements, resulting in a total of 78 competitive jobs. Of the 78 jobs, 51 (65%) ended successfully (e.g., the worker quit the job appropriately) and 27 (35%) ended unsuccessfully (e.g., termination or the worker quit inappropriately). A total of 17 (37%) workers were fired from jobs and 28 (61%) were fired or quit a job inappropriately. Correlational analyses revealed that four variables were associated with program success or failure: history of alcohol/substance abuse, history of running away from residential placements, use of alcohol/substances while in the program, and social problems with work supervisors and/or co-workers. Surveys of the employers who hired a worker from Job Designs indicated that they were favorably impressed with the project and its staff. Participants interviewed at exit from the program reported that, overall, they were satisfied with their own program experiences. Drawing from these results and experiences, suggestions are made for conducting effective vocational programs for this population and for future research.

scholarly journals Potential risk factors and triggers for back pain in children and young adults. A scoping review, part II: unclear or mixed types of back pain

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber M Beynon ◽  
Jeffrey J Hebert ◽  
Charlotte Lebouef-Yde ◽  
Bruce F Walker
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Back pain is a global problem in terms of disability and financially, with a large burden both to the individual and to society. Back pain was previously believed to be uncommon in children. However, there is a growing body of evidence that this is not the case. Objective Part I of this scoping review studied risk factors of incident and episodic back pain. In this part II we aimed to identify all risk factors and triggers with unclear or mixed type back pain in young people and to identify any gaps in the literature. Methods A scoping review design was selected to summarise the evidence, as there are many studies on “risk factors” for back pain. The scoping review followed the PRISMSA-ScR guidelines. We considered all studies that tested potential risk factors and triggers for thoracic and/or lumbar spine pain, in children, adolescents, and young adults (≤ 24 years). PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched from inception to September 2018, to identify relevant English language articles. The results regarding potential risk factors were separated into temporal precursors and bidirectional risk factors and the studies were classified by study design. Results Our comprehensive search strategy identified 7356 articles, of which 83 articles were considered eligible for this review (part II). There were 53 cross-sectional studies and 30 cohort studies. Potential risk factors for back pain were: female sex, older age, later pubertal status, positive family history of back pain, increased growth, and a history of back pain, most of which are temporal precursor variables. There was limited research for the illness factors, spinal posture, and muscle endurance in the development of back pain. Conclusion Many of the included studies approached risk factors in similar ways and found factors that were associated with back pain but were not obvious risk factors as causality was uncertain. Future research should be more rigorous and innovative in the way that risk factors are considered. This could be through statistical approaches including cumulative exposures, or longitudinal approaches including multi-trajectory methods. Additionally, data on proposed risk factors should be collected before the onset of back pain.

Mental illness and suicide after self-harm among young adults: long-term follow-up of self-harm patients, admitted to hospital care, in a national cohort

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (16) ◽  
pp. 3397-3405 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Beckman ◽  
E. Mittendorfer-Rutz ◽  
P. Lichtenstein ◽  
H. Larsson ◽  
C. Almqvist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitalization ◽  
Adverse Outcome ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm

BackgroundSelf-harm among young adults is a common and increasing phenomenon in many parts of the world. The long-term prognosis after self-harm at young age is inadequately known. We aimed to estimate the risk of mental illness and suicide in adult life after self-harm in young adulthood and to identify prognostic factors for adverse outcome.MethodWe conducted a national population-based matched case-cohort study. Patients aged 18-24 years (n = 13 731) hospitalized after self-harm between 1990 and 2003 and unexposed individuals of the same age (n = 137 310 ) were followed until December 2009. Outcomes were suicide, psychiatric hospitalization and psychotropic medication in short-term (1-5 years) and long-term (>5 years) follow-up.ResultsSelf-harm implied an increased relative risk of suicide during follow-up [hazard ratio (HR) 16.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 12.9–20.9). At long-term follow-up, 20.3% had psychiatric hospitalizations and 51.1% psychotropic medications, most commonly antidepressants and anxiolytics. There was a six-fold risk of psychiatric hospitalization (HR 6.3, 95% CI 5.8–6.8) and almost three-fold risk of psychotropic medication (HR 2.8, 95% CI 2.7–3.0) in long-term follow-up. Mental disorder at baseline, especially a psychotic disorder, and a family history of suicide were associated with adverse outcome among self-harm patients.ConclusionWe found highly increased risks of future mental illness and suicide among young adults after self-harm. A history of a mental disorder was an important indicator of long-term adverse outcome. Clinicians should consider the substantially increased risk of suicide among self-harm patients with psychotic disorders.

Understanding Self-Harm and Suicide Websites

Crisis ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Baker ◽  
Sarah Fortune
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
And Coping ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Depth Interviews

Self-harm and suicide websites have been heavily criticized both in the literature and the wider media, despite the fact that very little is known about them. To date, no study has interviewed users of these sites about them. This qualitative study aims to explore the accounts of young adults who engage in self-harming and suicidal behaviors and use websites dedicated to these issues, in order to develop a broader understanding of these websites and to identify potential implications for future research. In-depth interviews were conducted via e-mail with 10 participants, who were recruited directly from self-harm and suicide websites. Using discourse analysis, we identified three main ways in which participants wrote about the sites. They constructed them as sources of empathy and understanding, as communities, and as a way of coping with social and psychological distress. These discourses gave users access to important, socially valued identities, such as being understood, belonging to a community and coping with their problems. If health professionals and researchers hope to understand people who use self-harm and suicide websites, and engage them in their services, they must take a more balanced view and not focus solely on the possible risks associated with using such sites.

scholarly journals Can You Hear Me Now? Effects of Patient-Centered Communication With Young Adults Aged 26 to 39

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 237437352110331
Author(s):  
Helen M Nichols ◽  
Sarah Dababnah ◽  
Zackary Berger ◽  
Caroline Long ◽  
Paul Sacco
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Patient Trust ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Quality Health Care ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Depression

Patient-centered communication (PCC) is critical to the delivery of quality health care services. Although numerous health outcomes have been connected to patient–provider communication, there is limited research that has explored the processes and pathways between communication and health. Research among young adults (ages 26-39 years) is even more scarce, despite findings that health communication does vary with age. This cross-sectional study used data from the 2014 Health Interview National Trends Survey to explore the relationship between PCC, patient trust, patient satisfaction, social support, self-care skills, and emotional well-being among young adults aged 26 to 39 years. Our results showed that income, history of depression diagnosis, PCC, patient trust, social support, and patient self-efficacy (self-care skills) were all significantly related to emotional well-being. These findings suggest the need to explore the means through which communication can impact emotional well-being, specifically among young adults who are in poor health or have a history of depression. Future research should also include longitudinal studies, in order to determine causality and directionality among constructs.

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