scholarly journals Exposure to and experience of self-harm and self-harm related content: An exploratory network analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia J Kirtley ◽  
Ian Hussey ◽  
Lisa Marzano
Keyword(s):  
Network Models ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Graphical Lasso ◽  
Temporal Relationships ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Larger Sample

Exposure to the self-harm behaviour of others plays a role in individuals’ own self-harm thoughts and behaviours, but there has been little consideration of the broader range of mediums through which exposure to self-harm related content may occur. N = 477 participants completed an online study, including questions regarding lifetime history of self-harm thoughts and behaviours and the frequency with which they had been exposed to self-harm via various mediums. Gaussian Markov random field network models were estimated using graphical LASSO and extended Bayesian information criterion. Bootstrapping revealed that exposure mediums with a direct connection to self-harm thoughts and behaviours were the internet (rrp = .34, 95% CI [.26, .42]) and in-passing ‘miscellaneous’ exposure (rrp = .14, 95% CI [.00, .23]). However, stability of the network centrality was low (expected influence stability = 0.52). The node with the greatest increase in expected influence within the network was miscellaneous “in-passing” exposure. In-passing exposure is an understudied exposure medium. Our results may suggest new types of exposure mediums for future research. Data were cross-sectional, so temporal relationships between exposure and behaviour could not be determined. Low stability of the networks suggests that future similar studies would benefit from larger sample sizes.

scholarly journals Diagnosis Based on Detection of CXCL10 in Urine as Biomarker for The Determining Diagnosis of Active Lung Tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Ni Made Mertaniasih ◽  
I Gede Yogi Prema Ananda ◽  
Soedarsono Soedarsono ◽  
Deby Kusumaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Lung Tuberculosis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tuberculosis Diagnosis

Tuberculosis diagnosis is an important component in decreasing TB incidence and prevalence. Because of the difficulty to collect sputum in some cases, urine specimens are used as it is easier to garner. One of the biomarkers in urine that can be used to diagnose pulmonary TB is IP-10, which can be represented by the CXCL10 gene. The study aims to determine the accuracy of diagnosis based on detection of the CXCL10 gene in urine as a biomarker for the patients with suspected pulmonary TB in Dr. Soetomo Hospital in Surabaya from November 2019 until March 2020. Thus, this is an observative laboratory research with a cross-sectional study. CXCL10 gene was examined using PCR for 36 urine samples, and then, the data, together with the medical records of clinical manifestations of pulmonary TB, GeneXpert MTB /RIF, blood count, and thorax radiograph, were processed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26. The results of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF and thorax radiograph criteria show positive results of pulmonary TB, which were 44.4% and 69.4% respectively. CXCL10 gene was not found in all urine of healthy people (negative), while 2.8% (1/36 samples) positive CXCL10 gene was found in a patient with positive GeneXpert, also with negative clinical manifestations and urine culture. In this study, the accuracy of diagnosis based on detection of the CXCL10 gene in urine for diagnosis of active pulmonary TB was 2.8%. Future research is needed to improve the methods, among them are bigger size of urine samples and clearer medical history of patients. 

Correlates and predictors of self-harm in a prospective sample of sexually assaulted adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-859
Author(s):  
Fatima Valencia-Agudo ◽  
Tami Kramer ◽  
Venetia Clarke ◽  
Andrea Goddard ◽  
Sophie Khadr
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Larger Sample

Background: Sexual assault of adolescents is associated with negative mental health outcomes, including self-harm. Little is known about correlates and predictors of self-harm after sexual assault. We hypothesized that pre-assault vulnerabilities and post-assault psychological distress would be associated with self-harm after experiencing a recent sexual assault. Methods: The sample was recruited from adolescents aged 13 to 17 years accessing sexual assault centers and it included 98 females. Longitudinal data were collected at T0 (3.9 weeks on average post-assault) and T1 (21.8 weeks on average post-assault). Bivariate analysis and hierarchical binary logistic regressions were performed. Results: The rate of self-harm was 38.1% before the assault and 37.8% after the assault ( T1). History of family dysfunction ( OR 3.60 (1.30, 10.01)), depressive symptoms at T0 ( OR 5.83 (2.35, 14.43)) or T1 ( OR 2.79 (1.20, 6.50), and posttraumatic stress symptoms at T1 ( OR 3.21 (1.36, 7.58)) predicted self-harm at T1. These effects were attenuated when adjusting for confounders, except for depressive symptoms at T0 ( OR 4.21 (1.57, 11.28)). Discussion: Clinical implications for the prevention of onset or continuation of self-harm following adolescent sexual assault are discussed. Future studies should replicate these findings in a larger sample and consider different trajectories of self-harm.

Mediating Effects of Coping Style on Associations Between Mental Health Factors and Self-Harm Among Adolescents

Crisis ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine M. McMahon ◽  
Paul Corcoran ◽  
Carmel McAuliffe ◽  
Helen Keeley ◽  
Ivan J. Perry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Coping Style ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Coping ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Mental Health Factors

Background: There is evidence for an association between suicidal behavior and coping style among adolescents. Aims: The aims of this study were to examine associations between coping style, mental health factors, and self-harm thoughts and acts among Irish adolescents, and to investigate whether coping style mediates associations between mental health factors (depression, anxiety, and self-esteem) and self-harm. Method: A cross-sectional school-based survey was carried out. Information was obtained on history of self-harm, life events, and demographic, psychological, and lifestyle factors. Results: Emotion-oriented coping was strongly associated with poorer mental health and self-harm thoughts and acts. Problem-Oriented Coping was associated with better mental health. Mediating effects of Emotion-Oriented Coping on associations between mental health factors and deliberate self-harm (DSH) was found for both genders and between Problem-Oriented Coping and mental health factors for girls. Similar mediating effects of coping style were found when risk of self-harm thoughts was examined. Limitations: Since the methodology used was cross-sectional, it is impossible to draw conclusions regarding causal relationships between coping style and associated factors. The coping measure used was brief. Conclusions: Promotion of positive coping skills and reduction of emotion-focused approaches may build resilience to self-harm thoughts and acts among adolescents experiencing mental health problems.

A History of Concussion Does Not Lead to an Increase in Ocular Near Point of Convergence

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (09) ◽  
pp. 682-687
Author(s):  
Paul van Donkelaar ◽  
Jill Dierijck ◽  
Alexander Wright ◽  
Jonathan Smirl
Keyword(s):  
Previous History ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
T Test ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Larger Sample

AbstractOcular near point of convergence (NPC) has been shown to be sensitive to the effects of concussion and subconcussive impacts. To determine if NPC is also sensitive to a previous history of concussion, male contact-sport athletes either with (n=26) or without (n=16) a history of at least one previous concussion had their NPC assessed. The results showed that participants with a history of concussion displayed NPC values (9.4±1.6 cm) indistinguishable from those with no history of concussion (8.4±2.1 cm, t-test, p=0.09). This was the case regardless of whether 1, 2, or 3 or more concussions had occurred and despite the fact participants with concussion (mean time since last concussion: 1136 days) suffered from an increased number and severity of symptoms as assessed with the SCAT 3 (3.6±2.2 vs. 2.13±1.89 symptoms, 6.1±4.1 vs. 3.19±2.99 severity, t-test, p<0.05). Taken together, these results imply that NPC may not be a suitable tool to assess the potential long-term effects of one or more concussions over a longer time frame. Future research using larger sample sizes is warranted to evaluate the potential dose-response relationship between number of prior concussions and NPC.

scholarly journals An online international comparison of palliative care identification in primary care using the Surprise Question

2021 ◽  
pp. 026921632110483
Author(s):  
Nicola White ◽  
Linda JM Oostendorp ◽  
Victoria Vickerstaff ◽  
Christina Gerlach ◽  
Yvonne Engels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Threshold Probability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Hypothetical Patient ◽  
Probability Estimates ◽  
Probability Of Death ◽  
Surprise Question ◽  
Real Patients

Background: The Surprise Question (‘Would I be surprised if this patient died within 12 months?’) identifies patients in the last year of life. It is unclear if ‘surprised’ means the same for each clinician, and whether their responses are internally consistent. Aim: To determine the consistency with which the Surprise Question is used. Design: A cross-sectional online study of participants located in Belgium, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Switzerland and UK. Participants completed 20 hypothetical patient summaries (‘vignettes’). Primary outcome measure: continuous estimate of probability of death within 12 months (0% [certain survival]–100% [certain death]). A threshold (probability estimate above which Surprise Question responses were consistently ‘no’) and an inconsistency range (range of probability estimates where respondents vacillated between responses) were calculated. Univariable and multivariable linear regression explored differences in consistency. Trial registration: NCT03697213. Setting/participants: Registered General Practitioners (GPs). Of the 307 GPs who started the study, 250 completed 15 or more vignettes. Results: Participants had a consistency threshold of 49.8% (SD 22.7) and inconsistency range of 17% (SD 22.4). Italy had a significantly higher threshold than other countries ( p = 0.002). There was also a difference in threshold levels depending on age of clinician, for every yearly increase, participants had a higher threshold. There was no difference in inconsistency between countries ( p = 0.53). Conclusions: There is variation between clinicians regarding the use of the Surprise Question. Over half of GPs were not internally consistent in their responses to the Surprise Question. Future research with standardised terms and real patients is warranted.

scholarly journals Within-Person Fluctuations of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Implicit Associations: An Ecological Momentary Assessment of Suicide and Self-Harm Risk.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Models ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Implicit Associations ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Subject Variables ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

While a number of studies have demonstrated that those with a history of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) hold greater implicit associations toward self-harm, no study has examined how these associations change daily. The proposed study was threefold: (1) replicate prior findings that those with a history of NSSI score higher on the implicit association test (IAT), (2) explore whether NSSI-IAT scores change daily, and (3) examine how these changes in NSSI-IAT scores relate to thoughts of NSSI and suicide. A sample of eligible participants completed a series of baseline measures assessing NSSI, depression, and completed the NSSI-IAT. Participants then responded to daily prompts on their mobile device about their thoughts of NSSI and suicide and completed the NSSI-IAT daily in a laboratory. Generalized linear mixed models were conducted to assess within-person variability, as well as between-subject variables in the proposed study. Future research using the NSSI-IAT daily and assessing emotional consequences of participation in studies that use daily-prompting are discussed.

Obesity

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garreth R. Dutton ◽  
Belinda L. Needham
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Severe Obesity ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Leptin Resistance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Comorbid Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies indicate a positive association between obesity and depression. While some evidence suggests that depression is a risk factor for obesity, other findings indicate that obesity is a risk factor for depression. Therefore the directionality of this relationship remains unclear. Alternatively, there may be common mediating biological or environmental contributors accounting for this association. Potential biological mediators include dysregulation of the HPA axis, leptin resistance, and inflammatory immune responses. Environmental and psychological mediators may include a history of abuse and binge eating. It is also possible that the association between obesity and depression is most pronounced among particular subsets of individuals (e.g., women, those with more severe obesity). A better understanding of this depression-obesity association is needed to guide treatment recommendations for obese clients with comorbid depression. Future research is also needed to determine who is most vulnerable to experiencing comorbid depression and obesity.

scholarly journals WEB PLOT DIGITIZER SOFTWARE: CAN IT BE USED TO MEASURE NECK POSTURE IN CLINICAL PRACTICE?

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Mani ◽  
Shobha Sharma ◽  
Devinder Kaur Ajit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Neck Pain ◽  
Head Tilt ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Digital Photogrammetry ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Larger Sample

Objective : The aim of this study was to examine the use of WPD software to evaluate FHP using digital photogrammetry method.Method: A total of 15 adults with no history of neck pain for the past 6 months were recruited for the study. Using digital photogrammetry and sagittal head tilt, craniocervical and shoulder angles (SAs) were measured using a WPD, which is an open resource of web or Windows-based software.Result: Fifteen participants aged 17–40 years (mean 24.7±6.3 years) were examined. Sagittal head tilt and craniocervical angles were 16.35°±8.33° and 47.43°±7.97°, respectively. SA was 52.28°±12.46°.Conclusion: WPD may be used to evaluate FHP in the clinical settings. However, future research is required to determine the validity and reliability of WPD among patients with neck-related musculoskeletal disorders with a larger sample.

A network psychometric approach to neurocognitive functioning in Alzheimer's disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Graphical Models ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Graphical Lasso

Introduction: descriptions of the typical pattern of neurocognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) refer to relationships between neurocognitive domains as well as deficits within domains. However, the former of these relationships have not been statistically modelled. Accordingly, this study aimed to model the unique variance between neurocognitive variables in AD, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and cognitive normality (CN) using network analysis. Methods: Gaussian Graphical Models with Extended Bayesian Information Criterion model selection and graphical lasso regularisation were used to estimate network models of neurocognitive variables in AD (n = 229), aMCI (n = 397) and CN (n = 193) groups. The psychometric properties of the models were investigated using simulation and bootstrapping procedures. Exploratory analyses of network structure invariance across groups were conducted. Results: neurocognitive network models were estimated for each group and found to have good psychometric properties. Exploratory investigations suggested that network structure was not invariant across CN and aMCI (p = 0.03), CN and AD (p &lt; 0.01), and aMCI and AD neurocognitive networks (p &lt; 0.01).Conclusions: network analysis can be used to robustly model the relationships between neurocognitive variables in AD, aMCI and CN. Network structure was not invariant, suggesting that relationships between neurocognitive variables differ across groups along the AD spectrum. Points of convergence and contrast with latent-variable models are explored.

History of Sexual Assault Perpetration and Violence-Related Prosocial Tendencies Among Men by Fraternity Affiliation Status

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780122110373
Author(s):  
Jill C. Hoxmeier ◽  
Daniel Zapp
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Violence Prevention ◽  
College Men ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prosocial Tendencies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sexual Assault Perpetration

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine self-reported sexual assault perpetration history, as well as violence prevention-related prosocial tendencies, among fraternity men, unaffiliated men with membership intentions, and unaffiliated men without membership intentions with data from 262,634 college men in the United States. Results indicate that fraternity status was related to sexual assault perpetration, both prior to and while at their current institution of higher education; both perpetration history and fraternity status significantly related to diminished violence prevention-related prosocial tendencies. The findings have important implications for future research and practice to reduce the incidents of sexual assault on college campuses.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document