Effect of draught force and diet on dry-matter intake, milk production and live-weight change in non-pregnant and pregnant cows

1996 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Zerbini ◽  
A. G. Wold ◽  
D. Demissie
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Work Output ◽  
Natural Pasture

AbstractEighteen F1 crossbred dairy cows (Friesian × Boran and Simmental × Boran) were allocated to one of three diet groups (H: natural pasture hay; H+3: natural pasture hay + 3 kg concentrate; and H+5: natural pasture hay + 5 kg concentrate) using a stratified random sampling procedure, with parity, milk production genotype, body weight and body condition score as blocking variables. Cows on each diet were then allocated to three draught forces (7, 11 and 15 kg draught force per 100 kg live weight) in a cross-over design to investigate relationships between work output, live-weight changes, dry-matter intake (DMI) and milk yield. Each cow worked for 36 days in early lactation (from calving to 90 days) and for a further 36 days in late lactation (from 250 to 340 days post partum). Work output was similar for cows on each of the three diets. Cows on the H diet consumed more hay than cows on H+3 and H−5 diets. Hay and total DMI, milk yield and milk fat were similar across draught forces and during working and resting days when the cows were not pregnant. Similar results were obtained when cows were from 82 to 172 days pregnant. Pregnancy did not affect the ability of cows to perform work at different intensities. During working days cows lost live weight both when pregnant and when non-pregnant. During rest days, non-pregnant cows on diets H, H+3 and H+5 compensated proportionately 0·12, 0·59 and 0·59, respectively, of the live weight lost during working days. Pregnant cows on diet H+3 and H+5 compensated proportionately 0·95 and 1·77 live weight, respectively. Lower total live-weight losses during the pregnant period could be attributed partly to relatively greater DMIs and lower milk production, but also to gestation. Prediction of live-weight change from total DMI above maintenance, milk yield and work output during periods of 6 working days was poor (R2 = 0·18). However, the same parameters explained adequately changes in live weight for supplemented and non-supplemented working cows (R2 = 0·38 and 0·79, respectively) during a period of 90 days.

The effect of interval between harvests and wilting on silage for milk production

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Dry Matter Content

ABSTRACTSeventy-two British Friesian cows, with a mean calving date of 21 January, were used in a 3 × 2 factorial design experiment to assess the effects of the interval between harvest and wilting on the value of grass silage for milk production. Three regrowth intervals of 5, 7 and 9 weeks were used with each material ensiled both unwilted and after wilting to a dry-matter content of approximately 450g/kg. The six silages were offered ad libitum in addition to 7·6 kg concentrates per day, from day 8 of lactation until 13 April, with a mean experimental period of 67·5 days. The mean intakes of silage dry matter were 11·2, 9·8 and 8·7 kg/day for the 5-, 7 and 9-week regrowth intervals respectively and 9·6 and 10·2kg/day for the unwilted and wilted silages respectively. Regrowth interval significantly affected milk yield with mean yields of 24·7, 24·2 and 22·5 (s.e. 047) kg/day being obtained for the 5-, 7- and 9-week intervals respectively. Wilting significantly depressed milk yield with mean yields of 24·8 and 227 (s.e. 0·39) kg/day being recorded with the unwilted and wilted materials respectively. Live weight at the end of the experiment was not significantly affected by any of the treatments but the rate of live-weight loss, calculated by linear regression over the experiment, and loss in body condition score both significantly increased with increasing regrowth interval. Wilting had no effect on live weight or body condition. Increasing the regrowth interval also significantly reduced the solids-not-fat and protein contents of the milk produced during the final week of the experiment but no other significant effects were recorded on milk composition.Blood analysis data are presented: blood urea was the only component affected by the treatments and decreased significantly as regrowth interval increased.

A note on the use of kale as a replacement for cereal-based concentrates for milk production

1976 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-128
Author(s):  
F. J. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Block Experiment

SUMMARYTwenty-four lactating cows were used in a 6-week randomized block experiment to assess the effect of replacing 2·4 kg of cereal-based concentrate dry matter by either 2·6 or 3·2 kg of kale dry matter for cows with ad libitum access to grass silage. Milk yield, milk composition and live-weight change were not affected by the inclusion of kale. Silage dry-matter intake was significantly lower on the kale treatments than with concentrate, being 8·51, 7·89 and 7·95 kg per day for the concentrate, low-kale and high-kale supplements respectively. Energy digestibilities were 68·1, 74·4 and 76·4% and nitrogen digestibilities 67·1, 74·9 and 78·8% for the three treatments respectively.

The effect of strain of Holstein-Friesian dairy cow and pasture-based system on grass intake and milk production

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Horan ◽  
P. Faverdin ◽  
L. Delaby ◽  
M. Rath ◽  
P. Dillon
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
North American ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Production Response ◽  
Feeding Systems

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of strain of Holstein-Friesian cow, pasture-based feeding system (FS) and their interaction on milk production, dry matter (DM) intake and energy balance over 3 years consecutively. The three strains were: high milk production North American (HP), high fertility and survival (durability) North American (HD) and New Zealand (NZ). The FS were: a high grass allowance (HG FS), a high concentrate (HC FS) and a high stocking rate (HS FS). A separate farmlet existed for each FS and a total of 99, 117 and 117 animals were used in year 1, year 2 and year 3, respectively, divided equally between strains and FS. Individual animal intakes were estimated three times each year at pasture; in May (P1), in July (P2) and October (P3), corresponding on average to day 102, 177 and 240 of lactation, respectively. The HP cows achieved the highest milk yield, the NZ the lowest, while the HD was intermediate; the HP achieved the highest solid corrected milk yield with no difference between the NZ and HD strains. The grass DM intake of the HP strain was highest ( P<0·001) in all feeding systems. There was a significant strain×FS interaction for yield of milk, fat and protein, grass DM and total DM intake. The milk production response to the HC FS in P1 and P2 was significantly greater for both the HP and HD strains than for the NZ strain, while in P3 the response was highest for the HP, lowest for the NZ and intermediate for the HD. The reduction in pasture DM intake per kg of concentrate was greatest for the NZ strain, lowest for the HP and intermediate for the HD strain. The NZ strain also had the highest grass DM intake per kg live weight. The existence of strain×FS interactions for production and DM intake indicate that greater knowledge of both genotype and feeding environment is required to predict animal performance.

scholarly journals Metabolic and Productive Response and Grazing Behavior of Lactating Dairy Cows Supplemented with High Moisture Maize or Cracked Wheat Grazing at Two Herbage Allowances in Spring

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 919
Author(s):  
Verónica M. Merino ◽  
Lorena Leichtle ◽  
Oscar A. Balocchi ◽  
Francisco Lanuza ◽  
Julián Parga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Grazing Behavior

The aim was to determine the effect of the herbage allowance (HA) and supplement type (ST) on dry matter intake (DMI), milk production and composition, grazing behavior, rumen function, and blood metabolites of grazing dairy cows in the spring season. Experiment I: 64 Holstein Friesian dairy cows were distributed in a factorial design that tested two levels of daily HA (20 and 30 kg of dry matter (DM) per cow) and two ST (high moisture maize (HMM) and cracked wheat (CW)) distributed in two daily rations (3.5 kg DM/cow/day). Experiment II: four mid-lactation rumen cannulated cows, supplemented with either HMM or CW and managed with the two HAs, were distributed in a Latin square design of 4 × 4, for four 14-d periods to assess ruminal fermentation parameters. HA had no effect on milk production (averaging 23.6 kg/day) or milk fat and protein production (823 g/day and 800 g/day, respectively). Cows supplemented with CW had greater protein concentration (+1.2 g/kg). Herbage DMI averaged 14.17 kg DM/cow.day and total DMI averaged 17.67 kg DM/cow.day and did not differ between treatments. Grazing behavior activities (grazing, rumination, and idling times) and body condition score (BCS) were not affected by HA or ST. Milk and plasma urea concentration increased under the high HA (+0.68 mmol/L and +0.90 mmol/L, respectively). Cows supplemented with HMM had lower milk and plasma urea concentrations (0.72 mmol/L and 0.76 mmol/L less, respectively) and tended (p = 0.054) to have higher plasma β-hydroxybutyrate. Ruminal parameters did not differ between treatments.

The effect of compound composition and silage characteristics on silage intake, feeding behaviour, production of milk and live-weight change in lactating dairy cows

1991 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Jackson ◽  
C. L. Johnson ◽  
J. M. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Principal Energy ◽  
Friesian Cows

ABSTRACTAn experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of compound composition and silage characteristics on silage intake, feeding behaviour and productive performance of dairy cows during the first 25 weeks of lactation. Over a period of 3 years, 36 lactating British Friesian cows (12 per year), in their third or later lactations, were divided into two groups. The cows in each group received either compound S, in which the principal energy source was cereal starch, or compound F containing a mixture of high quality digestible fibre. Cows given compound F ate 2·2 kg more silage dry matter per day (P < 0·05). The type of compound had no effect on the frequency of silage feeding and the time spent eating was significantly different only over weeks 10 to 25 of lactation (P < 0·05), with cows on compound F spending on average 20 min longer feeding per day. Cows on compound F produced 1·7 kg more milk per day than cows on compound S. Although there were no significant differences in the concentration of milk constituents, compound F was associated with higher yields of milk constituents. Significant differences were found between the years of experiment in the frequency of feeding (P < 0·05) and also in the concentration of milk protein and milk fat. There were no significant differences in the magnitude of live-weight change between treatments or year of experiment.

scholarly journals GRAZING MANAGEMENT IN SPRING AND SUBSEQUENT DAIRY COW PERFORMANCE

1988 ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Hoogendoorn ◽  
C.W. Holmes ◽  
A.C.P. Chu
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Experimental Feeding ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Cow Performance

Two levels of grazing intensity were unposed on pasture during a spring-time pre-treatment period in two years at Massey University's Dary Cattle Research Unit. The two grazing intensws were lax (L), 2000-2500 kg DMlha residual herbage mass (RHM) and intense (I) 1000-1500 kg DM/ha RHM imposed for 2 grazing rotations. During this period, net herbage accumulation (NHA) on the L swards was approximately twice that on I wards. However, by early summer, NHA was greater on the I than L swards. Subsequently, during the experimental feeding period in early summer, herbage on the I swards contained lower percentages of reproductive tillers, grass stem, and senescent matter, and was of higher digestibllity than herbage on the L wards. Durmg the feedlng period, cows grazing the I wards had greater yields of milk and milk fat than cows on the L wards when offered both generous and restricted daily herbage dry matter allowances. The effect of ward type on dry matter intake (DMI) was dependent on dry matter allowance. However, when a common allowance of leaf was offered, DMI, milk and milk fat yield were not significantly affected by sward type on offer. The results emphasise the importance of maintaining green, leafy swards into late spring and summer in order to maximise milk yield per cow at this time. This was achieved by maintaining a RHM of no more than 1500 kg DMlha throughout spring by imposing sufficiently high stocking rates. Keywords: residual herbage mass, ward characteristics, dry matter allowance, leaf allowance, dry matter intake, milk yield.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the productive-economic indicators of cows of Yaroslavl breed of different genotypes

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
N. Kosyachenko ◽  
Marina Abramova ◽  
M. Lapina
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Blood Fraction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Aim. The study of the influence of crossbriding on the growth and development of heifers and subsequent productive and reproductive qualities of cows on the first lactation. Methods. Using statistical methods, correlation analysis and ANOVA for evaluated genetic indicators of economic-valuable traits of dairy cattle. In particular was studied live weight of heifers from birth to 18 months, first insemination age and first fecundation age, live weight at fecundation, frequency of insemination, first calving age, days open, live weight at first lactation, milk yield for 305 days (kg), fat (%, kg) and protein (%, kg) in milk. Results. Relationship between productive indicators and the genotype of the animal is established. When assessing the strength of the influence of the factor «blood on the Holstein breed» it was found that the greatest impact can be traced at the age of 6 and 18 months, and is respectively 12.7 % and 17.1 %.The reproductive qualities of the first-calf cows decreased with the increase percent of blood in the Holstein breed. Evaluation of the impact of crossbreeding on milk production at first lactation has revealed significant strong influence on milk yield for 305 days of first lactation, and related signs the amount of milk fat and protein. According to qualitative indicators, the low influence of the Holstein blood fraction was found, while to a greater extent on the fat content than on the protein content in milk. Evaluation of phenotypic and genotypic correlations of milk yield and quality components of milk revealed average negative phenotypic and low negative genotypic correlation in all groups. The exception was in heifers of Yaroslavl breed with percent of Holstein blood less than 50 %, in which the relationship of yield x protein was positive. The relationship between milk yield and fat and protein content in milk has the opposite moderate character and strength. Practical significance. Studies was established that breeding of animals of Holstein and Yaroslavl breeds in one herd allows to receive an optimum ratio of milk production with optimal percentage fat and protein. For this herd among animals of the improved genotypes of the Yaroslavl breed, the use of genotypes with a percent of blood in the Holstein breed from 75.1 % to 87.6 % is optimal, which should be taken into account when selecting bulls to the breeding program.

scholarly journals Non-structural carbohydrates in the nutrition of high-yielding dairy cows during a transition period

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 468-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Poláková ◽  
V. Kudrna ◽  
A. Kodeš ◽  
B. Hučko ◽  
Z. Mudřík
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maize Starch ◽  
Milk Performance

The main aim of this study was to investigate experimentally the effect of different composition of non-structural carbohydrates (NFC) in prepartum feed rations administered to high-yielding dairy cows at a high concentration of NFC in the diet on dry matter intake both before and after parturition and on subsequent milk performance, body condition and physiological traits of rumen fluid and blood. Thirty-six high-yielding dairy cows were allocated into one of the three well-balanced groups (K, O, and C), and each group received a different feeding rations. Feeding rations differed in non-structural carbohydrate (NFC) structure. The "K" (control) group received a feeding ration with NFC in the form of maize starch in particular, while the feeding rations of the other two (experimental) groups contained either (besides maize starch) saccharose from dried sugar beet (the "O" group) or a dominant amount of NFC was in the form of saccharose (the "C" group). After calving, all dairy cows were given the same feeding ration from the first day after parturition. The experiment was conducted for 21 days before and 50 days after calving. FR in the form of total mixed ration was offered ad libitum. Dry matter intake, milk performance, body condition, live weight, and blood and rumen parameters were recorded for the duration of the experiment. Average daily dry matter intake before calving was highest in the "K" group (14.32 kg per head). Differences among groups were statistically significant (P &lt; 0.05). Prepartum dry matter consumption dropped as the rate of saccharose in the diet of cows increased. Dry matter consumption levelled off after calving. Milk yield was also highest in the "K" group (43.71 kg/head/day), but fatness of milk and thus the production of fat corrected milk were lowest in this group. The highest milk fat content (4.10%) and fat corrected milk production (44.03 kg/head/day) were recorded in the "C" group, whereas the highest milk protein concentration was found in the milk of the "O" group. The composition of NFC affected dry matter intake before parturition, but these concentrations did not significantly affect dry matter intake, milk yield, milk composition, live weight, body condition or blood serum and rumen fluid parameters after calving

Effect of organic selenium on blood progesterone, metabolites, milk yield and service period of Jersey cows

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-11
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Organic Selenium ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Jersey Cows

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of yeast based organic selenium (Se) on post-partum progesterone concentration, blood metabolites, service period and milk yield. Dairy Jersey cows (n=15) having almost similar body weight, age, parity and body condition score were divided into three groups of equal number. One group served as a control that was given no Se supplementation. Second and third groups were supplemented with Se at the rate of 0.3 and 0.4 mg/kg of dry matter intake, respectively. The results revealed that after parturition, there was significantly (P<0.05) higher concentration of progesterone in Se treated group of Jersey cows (P<0.05). Week wise, concentration of progesterone in blood increased significantly (P<0.05). There was a decrease in length of service period in Se treated groups. Blood concentrations of glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride increased significantly (P<0.05) on weekly basis. However, these blood metabolites did not change significantly between the control and Se treated groups. Milk yield did not change significantly between the control and Se treated groups. The results of current study indicated that supplementation of yeast based organic Se at the rate of 0.4 mg/kg dry matter intake improved the progesterone concentration and decreased the service period but had no effect on blood metabolites and milk yield.

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