Effect of high fat diets on the performance, milk yield and milk composition of multiparous rabbit does

1999 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Pascual ◽  
C. Cervera ◽  
E. Blas ◽  
J. Fernández-Carmona
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

AbstractExperiment I. One hundred and twenty-five lactations from 88 New Zealand × Californian does were used to study the influence of high fat diets on the performance and milk yield of multiparous rabbit does in two high productivity situations: housed in hot conditions (minimum temperature above 24°C) with eight pups (group H8), or housed in warm conditions (minimum temperature under 21 °C) with 11 pups (group W11). Starting from a control diet (diet C) with 26 g ether extract (ЕЕ) per kg dry matter (DM), two isoenergetic diets were formulated adding fat from vegetable sources up to 99 g ЕЕ per kg DM (diet V) or animal sources up to 117 g ЕЕ per kg DM (diet A). The lactating does showed similar food daily intakes (⋍105 g DM per kg), therefore digestible energy intake of does on high fat diets was significantly higher (P < 0·001). The addition of f at to the diets increased (P < 0·001) milk yield of does (+21 and 24 g/day for diets V and A, respectively) and litter weight at weaning (P < 0·05), and decreased the number of pups replaced (P < 0·01) during lactation. Group H8 does had significantly lower DM intakes, litter growth rates and milk production levels than group Wll does (P < 0·001).Experiment 2. The effect of these diets on milk composition was determined in 62 lactations from 28 multiparous rabbit does, in which litter size was maintained at eight pups. Milk samples were collected manually on the 7th, 21st and 28th days of lactation. Milk of does given high fat diets, especially diet A, had higher fat and energy contents (P < 0·001) and a lower protein content (P < 0·001) than those given diet C. Milk of does given diet A had a greater DM content than those given the diets С or V (P < 0·001). There was a correlation between the fatty acid composition of milk and dietary fat. The proportion of odd chain fatty acids in the milk fat was lower for does given diet V (P < 0·05) than those given diet A. In conclusion, high fat diets were related to a higher milk yield and energy content of milk, allowing a higher litter weight gain and a lower mortality of sucking pups.

Effect of high fat diets on the performance and food intake of primiparous and multiparous rabbit does

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Pascual ◽  
C. Cervera ◽  
E. Blas ◽  
J. Fernandez-Carmona
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Fat Diets

AbstractThe influence of high fat diets on several production traits of primiparous and multiparous rabbit does was studied in 246 lactations from a total of 61 crossbreed rabbit does (Californian × New Zealand). Starting with a control diet (diet C) with 26 g ether extract (EE) per kg dry matter (DM), two isoenergetic diets were formulated adding fat from vegetable sources up to 99 g EE per kg DM (diet V) or animal sources up to 117 g EE per kg DM (diet A). Digestible energy/digestible protein ratio (DE/DP) was maintained between 82 and 87 kj/g. Food intake decreased with high fat diets compared with the control diet during gestation (P ‘lt; 0·001), which implied a decrease in the DE intake (P < 0·01 and P < 0·05 for primiparous and multiparous does, respectively). Fat addition did not affect food intake of primiparous does during lactation (101·8,106·9 and 103·7 g DM per day per kg live weight (M)0·75 for C, V and A diets, respectively) but increased the DE intake (1121 kj/day per kg M°0·75 for C diet cf. 1325 for V and 1264 for A diets; P < 0·01) and reduced does' weight losses at the end of lactation (F > 0·05). However, multiparous does on C diet showed a greater food intake during the last 2 weeks of lactation (110·6 for C diet v. 101·5 and 98·9 g DM per day per kg M0·75 for V and A diets, respectively; P < 0·001). High fat diets improved significantly the productive parameters at the 21st day of lactation: increasing litter size (P < 0·01 for multiparous does) and weight (P < 0·01 and P < 0·001 for primiparous and multiparous does, respectively) and decreasing the food conversion ratio (P < 0·001). An increase of dietary fat content decreased solid food intake of litters during the last 2 weeks of lactation (P < 0·01 and P < 0·001 for primiparous and multiparous does, respectively) but only affected their solid DE intake slightly. In conclusion, high fat diets seem to improve the productivity of lactating does and their corporal condition during the first lactation.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Vitamin E on Rumen Biohydrogenation Pathways and Milk Fat Depression in Dairy Cows Fed High-Fat Diets

2006 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 685-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pottier ◽  
M. Focant ◽  
C. Debier ◽  
G. De Buysser ◽  
C. Goffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Milk Fat Depression ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

The relationship between plasma lipid composition and milk fat secretion in cows given diets containing soybean oil

1971 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Steele ◽  
R. C. Noble ◽  
J. H. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Cholesteryl Esters ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Plasma Triglycerides ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Fat Diets

SummaryThe effects on the composition of the plasma lipids of the isocaloric replacement of starch in a low-fat concentrate mixture by 8 % soybean oil were investigated in a feeding experiment with 6 cows in mid-lactation. Two high-fat concentrate mixtures were given: in one, the soybean oil was incorporated into the diet by the inclusion of the appropriate amount of coarsely ground soybeans; in the other, the soybean oil was incorporated directly in the concentrate mixture. The concentrate mixtures were given with a high-roughage diet that supplied daily 5·5kg hay and 2·7kg of sugar-beet pulp.When the cows were given the 2 high-fat diets there were increases in the concentrations of total plasma fatty acids and in the concentrations of fatty acids circulating in the plasma as phospholipids and cholesteryl esters. There were increases in the concentrations of plasma unesterified fatty acids and triglyceride fatty acids when the cows were given the diet containing soybeans but there were decreases in the concentrations of these 2 fractions when the cows were given the diet containing soybean oil.The inclusion of soybeans in the diet increased the concentration of 18:0 in the plasma triglycerides and unesterified fatty acids whilst the inclusion of soybean oil in the diet increased the concentrations of 18:0 and 18:1 but decreased the concentration of 18:2 in the plasma unesterified fatty acids.When the cows were given the 2 high-fat diets there were decreases in the concentrations of 16:0 and 16:1 and increases in the concentration of 18:2 in the plasma cholesteryl esters. The inclusion of soybeans in the diet also reduced the concentrations of 18:1 and 20:3 in the plasma cholesteryl esters but increased the concentrations of 18:0 and 18:2 in the plasma phospholipids.The major fatty acid circulating in the plasma of the cows was 18:2 (46·4–55·3%) on all diets but only about 1% (0·40–1·04%) of the total plasma 18:2 occurred in the plasma triglycerides.The results are discussed in relation to the changes in the composition of the milk fatty acids produced by the cows when they were given the experimental diets.

scholarly journals The comparison of the lactation and milk yield and composition of selected breeds of sheep and goats

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Ferro ◽  
L. O. Tedeschi ◽  
A. S. Atzori
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Random Coefficients ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
The World

Abstract The objective of this study was to characterize the milk yield (MY) and milk composition of relevant sheep and goat breeds raised around the world to be used with nutrition models for diet formulation and nutrient balancing. A 2-step approach was used. First, a database developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization was used to identify relevant breeds (i.e., frequently raised) by comparing the occurrence of transboundary breed names across countries. We selected transboundary breeds that occurred more than 3 times and other relevant breeds obtained from the specialized literature that had milk production information (e.g., MY, days in milk, and milk fat, protein, and lactose). The majority of sheep breeds were classified as nondairy (76%) because they lacked milk production information. Karakul and Merino accounted for up to 2.4% of sheep breeds raised around the world, whereas the other individual breeds accounted for less than 1%. In contrast, nondairy breeds of goats accounted for 46.3% and of the remaining 53.7%, Saanen, Boer, Anglo-Nubian, Toggenburg, and Alpine accounted for 6.5, 5, 4.4, 4, and 3%, respectively, of the transboundary breeds. Second, a database compiled from published studies for the selected sheep (n = 65) and goats (n = 78) breeds were analyzed using a random coefficients model (studies and treatments within studies as random effects). For sheep breeds, the average and SD were 1.1 ± 0.3 kg/d for MY, 6.9 ± 1% for milk fat, 5.4 ± 0.4% for milk protein, 5 ± 0.3% for milk lactose, 17.7 ± 1.4% for milk total solids, and 1,073 ± 91 kcal/kg of milk energy. Lacaune had the greatest MY compared to Comisana and Tsigai (1.65 versus 0.83 and 0.62 kg/d; respectively, P &lt; 0.05), but milk components were not different among breeds. For goats breeds, the average and SD across breeds were 1.7 ± 0.6 kg/d for MY, 4.2 ± 0.9% for milk fat, 3.3 ± 0.4% for milk protein, 4.4 ± 0.4% for milk lactose, 12.7 ± 1.1% for milk total solids, and 750 ± 75 kcal/kg of milk energy. Alpine had similar MY to Saanen (2.66 versus 2.55 kg/d, respectively; P &gt; 0.05), but greater (P &lt; 0.05) than other breeds. The Boer breed had the greatest milk fat, protein, lactose, and total solids than several other breeds, leading to the greatest milk energy content (907 kcal/kg). Because there are many factors that can alter MY and milk composition, averages provided in this study serve as guidelines, and nutritionists must obtain observed values when using nutrition models.

scholarly journals Effect of high-fat diet on secreted milk transcriptome in midlactation mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 747-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Chen ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
S. Yang ◽  
S. Utturkar ◽  
J. Crodian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Enriched Categories ◽  
Mrna Content ◽  
Organismal Development

High-fat diet (HFD) during lactation alters milk composition and is associated with development of metabolic diseases in the offspring. We hypothesized that HFD affects milk microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA content, which potentially impact offspring development. Our objective was to determine the effect of maternal HFD on secreted milk transcriptome. To meet this objective, 4 wk old female ICR mice were divided into two treatments: control diet containing 10% kcal fat and HFD containing 60% kcal fat. After 4 wk on CD or HFD, mice were bred while continuously fed the same diets. On postnatal day 2 (P2), litters were normalized to 10 pups, and half the pups in each litter were cross-fostered between treatments. Milk was collected from dams on P10 and P12. Total RNA was isolated from milk fat fraction of P10 samples and used for mRNA-Seq and small RNA-Seq. P12 milk was used to determine macronutrient composition. After 4 wk of prepregnancy feeding HFD mice weighed significantly more than did the control mice. Lactose and fat concentration were significantly ( P < 0.05) higher in milk of HFD dams. Pup weight was significantly greater ( P < 0.05) in groups suckled by HFD vs. control dams. There were 25 miRNA and over 1,500 mRNA differentially expressed (DE) in milk of HFD vs. control dams. DE mRNA and target genes of DE miRNA enriched categories that were primarily related to multicellular organismal development. Maternal HFD impacts mRNA and miRNA content of milk, if bioactive nucleic acids are absorbed by neonate differences may affect development.

scholarly journals A Translational Mouse Model for NASH with Advanced Fibrosis and Atherosclerosis Expressing Key Pathways of Human Pathology

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2014
Author(s):  
Anita M. van den Hoek ◽  
Lars Verschuren ◽  
Nicole Worms ◽  
Anita van Nieuwkoop ◽  
Christa de Ruiter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Liver Disorder ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Hepatic Inflammation ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Human Pathology ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a fast-growing liver disorder that is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Animal models adequately mimicking this condition are scarce. We herein investigate whether Ldlr−/−. Leiden mice on different high-fat diets represent a suitable NASH model. Ldlr−/−. Leiden mice were fed a healthy chow diet or fed a high-fat diet (HFD) containing lard or a fast food diet (FFD) containing milk fat. Additionally, the response to treatment with obeticholic acid (OCA) was evaluated. Both high-fat diets induced obesity, hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. Mice on both diets developed progressive macro- and microvesicular steatosis, hepatic inflammation, and fibrosis, along with atherosclerosis. HFD induced more severe hyperinsulinemia, while FFD induced more severe hepatic inflammation with advanced (F3) bridging fibrosis, as well as more severe atherosclerosis. OCA treatment significantly reduced hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, and it did not affect atherosclerosis. Hepatic transcriptome analysis was compared with human NASH and illustrated similarity. The present study defines a translational model of NASH with progressive liver fibrosis and simultaneous atherosclerosis development. By adaptation of the fat content of the diet, either insulin resistance (HFD) or hepatic inflammation and fibrosis (FFD) can be aggravated.

scholarly journals High-fat diets and the immune response of C57 BI mice

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. R. Crevel ◽  
J. V. Friend ◽  
B. F. J. Goodwin ◽  
W. E. Parish
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

As a basis for studies of the influence of lipids on the immune response and health, adult C57 BI mice were fed for 10 weeks or longer on one of the following diets: high (200 g/kg) polyunsaturated fatty acid, high (200 g/kg) saturated fatty acid and low (50 g/kg) polyunsaturated fatty acid purified diets and a standard commercial diet. The three test-fat diets were compounded to have approximately the same energy content and the mice of each group maintained similar body-weights. High-fat diets significantly reduced their subsequent delayed hypersensitivity response to challenge after sensitization with tuberculin. Immunoglobulin (Ig)M antibody formation against Escherichia coli lipopolysaccaride was transiently decreased, but IgG antibody against sheep erythrocytes and killed salmonella vaccine, IgG and IgE antibodies against ovalbumin remained unaffected. Total and differential blood counts revealed no differences between mice on high-fat and control diets in either the absolute numbers or the proportions of the types of leukocytes. Studies on peritoneal macrophages from mice of each group showed no difference in morphology and they ingested non-toxic and toxic particles releasing similar amounts of lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) and β-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31) for each substance, indicating that there were no differences in viability or phagocytic function. The present study shows that the C57 BI mouse can provide a model for the investigation of some consequence of the reduced immunocompetence induced by high-fat diets.

scholarly journals High-fat diets increase tryptophan availability to the brain: importance of choice of the control diet

1984 ◽  
Vol 217 (3) ◽  
pp. 863-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
A A B Badawy ◽  
C J Morgan ◽  
N R Davis ◽  
A Dacey
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
The Brain

Effects of high fat diets on worm recovery, growth and distribution of Echinostoma caproni in ICR mice

1996 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Sudati ◽  
A. Reddy ◽  
B. Fried
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Echinostoma Caproni ◽  
Icr Mice ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Standard Laboratory Diet ◽  
Fat Diets

AbstractThe effects of high fat diets (HFDs) on the host–parasite relationship of Echinostoma caproni in ICR mice were studied. Two HFDs were used, one consisting of a customized high fat diet (CHFD) with 45% lipid in the form of cottonseed oil, and the second consisting of an egg yolk diet (EYD) from domestic hens' eggs, with 31% lipid. Controls for both diets consisted of mice fed a standard laboratory diet with 5% lipid. Mice were each fed 25 cysts of E. caproni by stomach tube and necropsied 2, 3 and 4 weeks postinfection (PI). The weight of mice on the CHFD declined significantly compared to mice on the control diet, but there was no significant decline in weight of mice fed EYD compared to the controls. Worm recoveries from mice on both HFDs were significantly less than those from control hosts. There was a significant decline in worm dry weight, body area and uterine egg counts in worms on HFD compared to those on the control diet. Worms from hosts on HFD were located more anteriad in the gut than those recovered from mice on the control diet.

scholarly journals Milk yield, composition, nutritive and technological values from ewes fed dried distillers’ wheat grains with solubles (DDGSw)

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-624
Author(s):  
M.R. Yossifov
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Dairy Ewes ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of lactating dairy ewes diets supplementing with different vegetable protein sources (sunflower meal (SFM) vs. dried distillers? wheat grains with solubles (DDGSw)) at the pick of lactation (27 - 72 lactating day). The experiment was carried out with sixteen lactating dairy ewes, Bulgarian Dairy Synthetic Population (BDSP) in 60-d feeding trial (7-d preparatory + 45-d experimental + 8-d closing periods). Animals were allotted randomly (by age, lactation, milk yield, % milk fat, % milk protein) into two dietary treatments: 1./ a SFM- based control diet (CD), and 2./DDGSw-based experimental diet (ED). Diets were iso- nitrogenous, iso- fibrogenous, iso- caloric and equal in protein truly digestible in the small intestines (PDI), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P). Compared with the CD, supplementation with DDGSw decreased (p<0.001) the average daily milk yield (5.8 %) and 6.5 % fat-corrected milk (6.8 %). There?re no significant differences in milk composition between treatments (CD and ED): solids non-fat (SNF) + 0.8; dry matter (DM) + 0.1 %; fat content of milk (MF) - 1.1 and milk protein (MP) content + 0.4 % per sheep for ED, compared with CD. DDGSw- based diet did not affect nutritive and technological parameters of raw milk: MP/MF (+ 1.3 %), MP/DM (- 0.1 %) and MF/DM (- 1.0 %) ratios. In conclusion, observed data indicates that DDGSw at level of 17 % DM basis affected ewe milk yielding negatively, without affecting milk composition, nutritive and technological parameters.

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