scholarly journals High-fat diets and the immune response of C57 BI mice

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. R. Crevel ◽  
J. V. Friend ◽  
B. F. J. Goodwin ◽  
W. E. Parish
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

As a basis for studies of the influence of lipids on the immune response and health, adult C57 BI mice were fed for 10 weeks or longer on one of the following diets: high (200 g/kg) polyunsaturated fatty acid, high (200 g/kg) saturated fatty acid and low (50 g/kg) polyunsaturated fatty acid purified diets and a standard commercial diet. The three test-fat diets were compounded to have approximately the same energy content and the mice of each group maintained similar body-weights. High-fat diets significantly reduced their subsequent delayed hypersensitivity response to challenge after sensitization with tuberculin. Immunoglobulin (Ig)M antibody formation against Escherichia coli lipopolysaccaride was transiently decreased, but IgG antibody against sheep erythrocytes and killed salmonella vaccine, IgG and IgE antibodies against ovalbumin remained unaffected. Total and differential blood counts revealed no differences between mice on high-fat and control diets in either the absolute numbers or the proportions of the types of leukocytes. Studies on peritoneal macrophages from mice of each group showed no difference in morphology and they ingested non-toxic and toxic particles releasing similar amounts of lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) and β-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31) for each substance, indicating that there were no differences in viability or phagocytic function. The present study shows that the C57 BI mouse can provide a model for the investigation of some consequence of the reduced immunocompetence induced by high-fat diets.

scholarly journals A Difference in Fatty Acid Composition of Isocaloric High-Fat Diets Alters Metabolic Flexibility in Male C57BL/6JOlaHsd Mice

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e0128515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loes P. M. Duivenvoorde ◽  
Evert M. van Schothorst ◽  
Hans M. Swarts ◽  
Ondrej Kuda ◽  
Esther Steenbergh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Metabolic Flexibility ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

Maternal and postnatal high-fat diets with high ω6 : ω3 ratios affect the reproductive performance of male offspring in the mouse

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1491
Author(s):  
S. Bianconi ◽  
G. Stutz ◽  
M. R. Solís ◽  
A. C. Martini ◽  
L. M. Vincenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Unsaturation Index ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Fertilisation Rate ◽  
Testicular Weight ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

High-fat diets (HFDs) are an acknowledged risk factor for male subfertility, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study we compared the effects of two HFDs with different ω6 : ω3 ratios, one enriched with soy oil (SOD; ω6 : ω3 = 9.62) and another enriched with sunflower oil (SFOD; ω6 : ω3 = 51.55), with those of a commercial diet (CD; ω6 : ω3 = 19.87), supplied from pregnancy to adulthood, on morphometric parameters and reproductive performance in adult male mice (recommended ω6 : ω3 for rodents = 1–6). Bodyweight was significantly higher in the SFOD than CD group, and relative testicular weight was significantly lower in the SFOD than the other two groups. SFOD altered sperm performance: it reduced sperm viability (mean ± s.e.m.; 76.00 ± 1.35% vs 82.50 ± 1.45% and 80.63 ± 1.00% in the SFOD vs CD and SOD groups respectively; P < 0.05) and increased the percentage of immature spermatozoa (71.88 ± 7.17% vs 51.38 ± 5.87% and 48.00 ± 5.72% in the SFOD vs CD and SOD groups respectively; P < 0.05). The epididymal ω6 : ω3 ratio was higher in the SFOD versus CD and SOD groups, whereas the unsaturation index was higher in the SOD and SFOD groups than in CD group. Sperm membrane integrity was diminished in both the SOD and SFOD groups, but there was no difference in sperm reactive oxygen species production in these two groups compared with the CD group. The fertilisation rate was lower in the SFOD compared with the CD and SOD groups. In conclusion, although both HFDs affected sperm quality, the fertilising ability was more altered by the excessive dietary ω6 : ω3 ratio than by the net ω6 content.

Fiber type- and fatty acid composition-dependent effects of high-fat diets on rat muscle triacylglyceride and fatty acid transporter protein-1 content

Metabolism ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 1032-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Marotta ◽  
Andreu Ferrer-Martı́nez ◽  
Josep Parnau ◽  
Marco Turini ◽  
Katherine Macé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Transporter Protein ◽  
Rat Muscle ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fatty Acid Transporter ◽  
Fat Diets

Effect of various n − 3/n − 6 fatty acid ratio contents of high fat diets on rat liver and heart peroxisomal and mitochondrial β-oxidation

1993 ◽  
Vol 1170 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Vamecq ◽  
Louis Vallee ◽  
Paulette Lechêne de la Porte ◽  
Monique Fontaine ◽  
Dirk de Craemer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Fatty Acid Ratio ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

Influence of high-fat diet from differential dietary sources on bone mineral density, bone strength, and bone fatty acid composition in rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 598-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Y. Lau ◽  
Val Andrew Fajardo ◽  
Lauren McMeekin ◽  
Sandra M. Sacco ◽  
Wendy E. Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Safflower Oil ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

Previous studies have suggested that high-fat diets adversely affect bone development. However, these studies included other dietary manipulations, including low calcium, folic acid, and fibre, and (or) high sucrose or cholesterol, and did not directly compare several common sources of dietary fat. Thus, the overall objective of this study was to investigate the effect of high-fat diets that differ in fat quality, representing diets high in saturated fatty acids (SFA), n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), or n-6 PUFA, on femur bone mineral density (BMD), strength, and fatty acid composition. Forty-day-old male Sprague–Dawley rats were maintained for 65 days on high-fat diets (20% by weight), containing coconut oil (SFA; n = 10), flaxseed oil (n-3 PUFA; n = 10), or safflower oil (n-6 PUFA; n = 11). Chow-fed rats (n = 10), at 105 days of age, were included to represent animals on a control diet. Rats fed high-fat diets had higher body weights than the chow-fed rats (p < 0.001). Among all high-fat groups, there were no differences in femur BMD (p > 0.05) or biomechanical strength properties (p > 0.05). Femurs of groups fed either the high n-3 or high n-6 PUFA diets were stronger (as measured by peak load) than those of the chow-fed group, after adjustment for significant differences in body weight (p = 0.001). As expected, the femur fatty acid profile reflected the fatty acid composition of the diet consumed. These results suggest that high-fat diets, containing high levels of PUFA in the form of flaxseed or safflower oil, have a positive effect on bone strength when fed to male rats 6 to 15 weeks of age.

scholarly journals Level and source of fat in the diet of gestating beef cows: I. Effects on the prepartum performance of the dam and birth weight of the progeny1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 3103-3119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Añez-Osuna ◽  
Gregory B Penner ◽  
John Campbell ◽  
Michael E R Dugan ◽  
Carolyn J Fitzsimmons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Nefa Concentration ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

AbstractA 2-yr study was conducted to evaluate the effects of level and source of fat in the diet of gestating beef cows on their prepartum performance and birth weight of progeny. Each year, 75 multiparous (≥3 calving) pregnant Angus cows were stratified by BW (663 ± 21.5 kg) and BCS (2.6 ± 0.12; 1 to 5 scale) and randomly assigned to 1 of 15 outdoor pens. Subsequently, each pen was randomly assigned to 1 of 3 (n = 5) treatments: a low-fat diet (LF; 1.4 ± 0.12% EE) consisting of grass-legume hay, barley straw, and barley grain, or 1 of 2 high-fat diets (HF; 3.3 ± 0.20% EE) that included either a canola seed (CAN) or a flaxseed (FLX) based pelleted feed. Diets were formulated to meet the requirements of pregnant beef cows during the last 2 trimesters of gestation (0.183 ± 4.8 d), adjusted for changes in environmental conditions, and offered such that each pen on average received similar daily amounts of DE (31.2 ± 2.8 Mcal/cow), CP (1.36 ± 0.13 kg/cow), and DM (12.9 ± 1.0 kg/cow). Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with contrasts to separate the effects of level (LF vs. HF) and source (CAN vs. FLX) of fat. After 160 d on trial, conceptus corrected-BW (CC-BW) of LF cows (708 kg) and the proportion of overconditioned cows (13.2%) were greater (P ≤ 0.04) than those of HF, with no difference (P ≥ 0.84) between CAN and FLX for CC-BW (697 kg) and proportion of overconditioned cows (3.6% vs. 2.9%). Feeding FLX diet during gestation resulted in cows with a greater (P ≤ 0.01) concentration of conjugated linolenic acid (0.12% vs. 0.05%) and n-3 (0.58% vs. 0.37%) fatty acids, and a tendency (P = 0.09) for conjugated linoleic acid concentration (1.05% vs. 0.88%) to be greater in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) when compared with cows fed the CAN diet. By the end of gestation, serum NEFA concentration of LF cows (592 µEq/L) was lower (P < 0.01) than that of HF cows, and FLX cows had greater (P < 0.01) serum NEFA concentration than CAN cows (636 vs. 961 µEq/L). Cows receiving the LF diet during gestation gave birth to lighter (P < 0.01) calves compared with those receiving the HF diets (40.2 vs. 42.9 kg), with no difference (P = 0.24) between calves born to CAN (42.4 kg) and FLX (43.3 kg) cows. In conclusion, these results suggest a partitioning of the ME in pregnant beef cows that is dependent on the type of dietary energy, resulting in heavier calves at birth for cows fed high-fat diets. Also, the type of fatty acid in the diet of gestating beef cows affected the fatty acid profile in SCAT and serum NEFA concentration.

Differential effects of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid diets on cardiomyocyte apoptosis, adipose distribution, and serum leptin

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (1) ◽  
pp. H38-H44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isidore C. Okere ◽  
Margaret P. Chandler ◽  
Tracy A. McElfresh ◽  
Julie H. Rennison ◽  
Victor Sharov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase ◽  
Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Ceramide Content ◽  
Fat Diets

Fatty acids are the primary fuel for the heart and are ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), which regulate the expression of genes encoding proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism. Saturated fatty acids, particularly palmitate, can be converted to the proapoptotic lipid intermediate ceramide. This study assessed cardiac function, expression of PPAR-regulated genes, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats after 8 wk on either a low-fat diet [normal chow control (NC); 10% fat calories] or high-fat diets composed mainly of either saturated (Sat) or unsaturated fatty acids (Unsat) (60% fat calories) ( n = 10/group). The Sat group had lower plasma insulin and leptin concentrations compared with the NC or Unsat groups. Cardiac function and mass and body mass were not different. Cardiac triglyceride content was increased in the Sat and Unsat groups compared with NC ( P < 0.05); however, ceramide content was higher in the Sat group compared with the Unsat group (2.9 ± 0.2 vs. 1.4 ± 0.2 nmol/g; P < 0.05), whereas the NC group was intermediate (2.3 ± 0.3 nmol/g). The number of apoptotic myocytes, assessed by terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining, was higher in the Sat group compared with the Unsat group (0.28 ± 0.05 vs. 0.17 ± 0.04 apoptotic cells/1,000 nuclei; P < 0.04) and was positively correlated to ceramide content ( P < 0.02). Both high-fat diets increased the myocardial mRNA expression of the PPAR-regulated genes encoding uncoupling protein-3 and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4, but only the Sat diet upregulated medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. In conclusion, dietary fatty acid composition affects cardiac ceramide accumulation, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and expression of PPAR-regulated genes independent of cardiac mass or function.

Effect of high fat diets on the performance, milk yield and milk composition of multiparous rabbit does

1999 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Pascual ◽  
C. Cervera ◽  
E. Blas ◽  
J. Fernández-Carmona
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

AbstractExperiment I. One hundred and twenty-five lactations from 88 New Zealand × Californian does were used to study the influence of high fat diets on the performance and milk yield of multiparous rabbit does in two high productivity situations: housed in hot conditions (minimum temperature above 24°C) with eight pups (group H8), or housed in warm conditions (minimum temperature under 21 °C) with 11 pups (group W11). Starting from a control diet (diet C) with 26 g ether extract (ЕЕ) per kg dry matter (DM), two isoenergetic diets were formulated adding fat from vegetable sources up to 99 g ЕЕ per kg DM (diet V) or animal sources up to 117 g ЕЕ per kg DM (diet A). The lactating does showed similar food daily intakes (⋍105 g DM per kg), therefore digestible energy intake of does on high fat diets was significantly higher (P < 0·001). The addition of f at to the diets increased (P < 0·001) milk yield of does (+21 and 24 g/day for diets V and A, respectively) and litter weight at weaning (P < 0·05), and decreased the number of pups replaced (P < 0·01) during lactation. Group H8 does had significantly lower DM intakes, litter growth rates and milk production levels than group Wll does (P < 0·001).Experiment 2. The effect of these diets on milk composition was determined in 62 lactations from 28 multiparous rabbit does, in which litter size was maintained at eight pups. Milk samples were collected manually on the 7th, 21st and 28th days of lactation. Milk of does given high fat diets, especially diet A, had higher fat and energy contents (P < 0·001) and a lower protein content (P < 0·001) than those given diet C. Milk of does given diet A had a greater DM content than those given the diets С or V (P < 0·001). There was a correlation between the fatty acid composition of milk and dietary fat. The proportion of odd chain fatty acids in the milk fat was lower for does given diet V (P < 0·05) than those given diet A. In conclusion, high fat diets were related to a higher milk yield and energy content of milk, allowing a higher litter weight gain and a lower mortality of sucking pups.

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