Performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal disaccharidase activity of weaner/grower pigs given diets containing extruded Chinese stored brown rice with exogenous enzyme supplements

2004 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junbo Li ◽  
Defa Li ◽  
Y. -L. Yin ◽  
X. S. Piao ◽  
J. H. He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Large White ◽  
Disaccharidase Activity ◽  
Exogenous Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation

AbstractOne performance and one ileal apparent digestibility (IAD) trial were conducted to investigate the performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal disaccharidase activity of weaner/grower pigs given diets containing Chinese stored brown rice (CSBR) extruded and with exogenous enzyme supplements. In experiment 1, 96 crossbred (Duroc X Landrace X Large White) piglets weaned at 24 days of age were randomly divided into four groups according to a 2 X 2 factorial design. The animals were given four diets: (1) CSBR without enzyme supplementation, (2) CSBR supplemented with 625 mg a-amylase (2509 enzyme activity units) and 200 mg glucoamylase per kg (20018 enzyme activity units) per kg diet, (3) a normal temperature extruded CSBR (NTECSBR) without enzyme supplementation, and (4) NTECSBR supplemented with 625 mg a-amylase (2508 enzyme activity units) and 200 mg glucoamylase (20010 enzyme activity units) per kg diet. Growth, food consumption and specific activity of disaccharides in sections of the digestive tract were measured. In experiment 2, six male grower pigs with a mean initial body weight 21 kg, fitted with a simple ‘T’ cannula at the terminal ileum were used in a 6X6 Latin-square design. In addition to CSBR and NTECSBR diets with and without enzymes, a low temperature extruded diet LTECSBR with and without enzymes (as for other diets) was introduced. IAD of nutrients was measured. Extrusion resulted in a poorer (P < 0.05) food/gain for weaned pigs. Extrusion and enzyme supplementation had no influence (P > 0.05) on average daily food intake and average daily gain. Extrusion tended to improve (P = 0.075) IAD of starch but IAD of energy, dry matter, crude protein and amino acids were not influenced (P > 0.05). Enzyme supplementation had no effect on IAD of amino acids (P > 0.05), except for increasing IAD of lysine, threonine and isoleucine (P < 0.05). Extrusion and enzyme supplementation resulted in a higher (P < 0.05) maltase activity in the duodenum at day 14 of the trial. However, extrusion decreased (P < 0.05) the activity of maltase, isomaltase, sucrase and lactase in the jejunum at day 28. Enzyme supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the activities of maltase, isomaltase, trehalase and lactase in the jejunum at day 28. There was a positive extrusion X enzyme interaction (P < 0.05) for the activity of maltase and trehalase in the duodenum at day 14; a negative interaction was observed for the activity of lactase, maltase, isomaltase and trehalase in the jejunum at day 28. The results suggest that neither extrusion nor enzyme supplementation are necessary for CSBR to be used in pig diets.

Interactions between weaning age, weaning weight, sex, and enzyme supplementation on growth performance of pigs

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 939 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Dunshea ◽  
D. K. Kerton ◽  
P. D. Cranwell ◽  
R. G. Campbell ◽  
B. P. Mullan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Exogenous Enzyme ◽  
The Third ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
Daily Gain

Digestive capacity of early-weaned pigs may be insufficient to fully digest many ingredients currently used in weaner diets. The aim of this experiment was to determine whether an exogenous enzyme preparation with broad carbohydrase activity could benefit pigs that developmentally might be immature at weaning, especially with regard to gastrointestinal development. Eighty Large White × Landrace pigs were used in a 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment with the factors being: weaning age (14 or 24 days), weaning weight (heavy or light), sex (boar or gilt), and dietary Biofeed Plus CT (0 or 500 μg/g) which contained fungal xylanases, pentosanases and β-glucanases. Pigs were housed individually and given a wheat-based (550 g/kg) diet containing 15.0 MJ DE and 15.9 g lysine/kg on an ad libitum basis for 21 days. The diet also contained 50 g/kg of soybean meal and 50 g/kg of lupin (Lupinus�angustifolius) kernels. The liveweights of heavy (H) pigs weaned at 24 or 14 days and light pigs (L) weaned at 24 or 14 days were 7.9 and 5.3 and 5.2 and 3.9 kg, respectively. Pigs weaned at 14 days grew slower (157 v. 345 g/day) than those weaned at 24 days, although there was a suggestion of an interaction between age and weight at weaning (P = 0.081). Thus, H and L pigs weaned at 14 days grew at 148 and 166 g/day, whereas H and L pigs weaned at 24 days grew at 374 and 315 g/day, respectively. Although there was no main effect of enzymes on daily gain (248 v. 254 g/day, P = 0.80), feed intake (278 v. 284 g/day, P = 0.79), or feed conversion ratio (1.19 v. 1.25, P�=�0.35), there were interactions with weaning age on daily gain (P = 0.050) and feed intake (P = 0.060). Pigs weaned at 14 days grew slower (176 v. 138 g/day) and ate less (206 v. 174 g/day), whereas pigs weaned at 24 days grew faster (321 v. 369 g/day) and ate more (351 v. 394 g/day), when supplemented with enzymes. During the third week after weaning there were interactions between dietary enzymes and sex (P = 0.060) and dietary enzymes and age (P = 0.023) on daily gain. Thus, pigs weaned at 24 days and supplemented with Biofeed Plus CT grew more quickly during the third week (559 v. 460 g/day), whereas the converse was true for pigs weaned at 14 days (286 v. 334 g/day). Also, enzyme-supplemented boars grew better over this period (457 v. 371 g/day), whereas the converse was true for gilts (388 v. 423 g/day). In conclusion, these data clearly indicate that the greatest determinant of post-weaning performance under the present conditions was the age of the pigs at weaning. Dietary enzyme supplementation appeared most efficacious in boars weaned at an older age, although benefits did not become apparent until 2 weeks after weaning.

Greenhouse gases and performance of growing pigs fed wheat-based diets containing wheat millrun and a multi-carbohydrase enzyme

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agbee L Kpogo ◽  
Jismol Jose ◽  
Josiane C Panisson ◽  
Atta K Agyekum ◽  
Bernardo Z Predicala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The objective of this project was to determine the impact of feeding growing pigs with high wheat millrun diets supplemented with a multi-carbohydrase enzyme (amylase, cellulase, glucanase, xylanase, and invertase activities) on nutrient digestibility, growth performance, and greenhouse gas (GHG) output (carbon dioxide, CO2; nitrous oxide, N2O; methane, CH4). Three experiments were conducted utilizing six treatments arranged as a 3 × 2 factorial (0%, 15%, or 30% wheat millrun; with or without enzyme) for the digestibility experiment or as a 2 × 2 factorial (0% or 30% wheat millrun; with or without enzyme) for the performance and GHG experiments. The digestibility, performance, and GHG experiments utilized 48 individually housed pigs, 180 pigs housed 5 per pen, or 96 pigs housed 6 per chamber, respectively. Increasing wheat millrun up to 30% in the diet of growing pigs resulted in decreased energy, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) apparent total tract digestibility and net energy content (P &lt; 0.01). Overall, average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed ratio were reduced in pigs fed wheat millrun (P &lt; 0.05). Enzyme supplementation had minimal effects on the digestibility or performance parameters measured. Feeding diets with 30% millrun did not affect GHG output (CH4: 4.7 and 4.9; N2O: 0.45 and 0.42; CO2: 1,610 and 1,711 mg/s without or with millrun inclusion, respectively; P &gt; 0.78). Enzyme supplementation had no effect on GHG emissions (CH4: 4.5 and 5.1; N2O: 0.46 and 0.42; CO2: 1,808 and 1,513 mg/s without or with enzymes, respectively; P &gt; 0.51). Overall, the carbohydrase enzyme had minimal effects on parameters measured, regardless of wheat millrun inclusion (P &gt; 0.10). Although energy, N and P digestibility, and ADG were reduced, the inclusion of up to 30% wheat millrun in the diet has no effect on GHG emissions from growing pigs (P &gt; 0.10).

The effect of cereal type and exogenous enzyme supplementation on intestinal microbiota and nutrient digestibility in finisher pigs

2010 ◽  
Vol 133 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 148-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G. Smith ◽  
P. Reilly ◽  
T. Sweeney ◽  
K.M. Pierce ◽  
D.A. Gahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Exogenous Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation

Impact of exogenous carbohydrases and phytase on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broilers

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lu ◽  
S.A. Adedokun ◽  
A. Preynat ◽  
V. Legrand-Defretin ◽  
P. A. Geraert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Exogenous Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation

Lu, H., Adedokun, S. A., Preynat, A., Legrand-Defretin, V., Geraert, P. A., Adeola, O. and Ajuwon, K. M. 2013. Impact of exogenous carbohydrases and phytase on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broilers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 243–249. The effect of supplementing corn–soybean-based diets with Rovabio®Max AP, an exogenous enzyme mix with carbohydrase (xylanase and β-glucanase) and phytase activities to broiler chickens was evaluated. Male Ross 708 broilers were assigned to four diets: positive control (PC), negative control (NC), deficient in metabolizable energy (ME), crude protein (CP), calcium (Ca) and non-phytate phosphorus (nPP), relative to the PC, by 100 kcal kg−1, 5 g kg−1, 1.1 g kg−1and 1.6 g kg−1, respectively, in the starter and grower diets; and NC+Rovabio®at 0.05 or 0.075 g kg−1diet. Starter diets were fed from day 0 to day 21 and grower diets from day 22 to day 42. Body weight (BW) and body weight gain on days 22 and 42 were increased (P<0.05) by enzyme supplementation. Enzyme addition increased (P<0.05) feed intake from day 22 to day 42 and overall (day 0 to day 42). Gain to feed ratio (G:F) was significantly increased (P<0.05) with enzyme supplementation during both starter and grower phases. Enzyme addition increased (P<0.05) serum phosphorus (P) concentration on day 21. On day 42 enzyme supplementation increased (P<0.05) the apparent ileal digestibility of P, dry matter (DM), energy, and N. Addition of a combination of carbohydrases (xylanase and β-glucanase) and phytase to corn–soybean-based diets deficient in ME, CP, Ca and P resulted in a significant increase in growth performance and utilization of P, DM, energy and N in broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Carcass Characteristics of Pigs Fed Diets Containing Amarula (Sclerocarya Birrea A. Rich) Nut Cake as Replacement To Soybean Meal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maggy Palesa Mabena ◽  
Moses Ratsaka ◽  
Thobela Nkukwana ◽  
Ingrid Malebana ◽  
Douglas Nkosi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Sclerocarya Birrea

Abstract This experiment evaluated varying levels of Amarula (Sclerocarya birrea A. Rich) nut cake (ANC) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics in pigs. Thirty Large White × Landrace (LW × LR) pigs were stratified by weight (average live weight of 20 ± 5 kg) and randomly allocated to the five experimental diets that contained 0 (control), 50, 100, 150 and 200 g ANC/kg DM. Each pig served as a replicate unit, housed individually. Bodyweight, feed intake, average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded weekly throughout the trial period. On completion of the growth trial, following a 3-day adaptation, a nutrient digestibility study was conducted over 5 days. Thereafter, pigs were fasted for twelve hours, weighed, slaughtered, and carcass samples were collected for analysis. Feed intake was not affected by dietary treatment, but ADGs were reduced at ANC levels > 15%, resulting in poor FCR. Protein digestibility was reduced at ANC levels > 15%, while ether extract and fibre levels increased. Warm and cold carcass weights were lower at ANC levels > 15, with improved meat redness and lightness. It was concluded that ANC could replace SBM in the diet of growing pigs at less than 15% inclusion level.

scholarly journals Effects of chitosan supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and digestive enzyme activity in weaned pigs

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 156-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Xu ◽  
B. Shi ◽  
S. Yan ◽  
J. Li ◽  
T. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activity ◽  
Proximal Jejunum ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Weaned Pigs

The present experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary chitosan on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and digestive enzyme activities in weaned pigs. A total of 180 weaned pigs (35 days of age, 11.56 &plusmn; 1.61 kg of body weight (BW)) were selected and assigned randomly to 5 treatments containing 0, 100, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg chitosan per kg feed, respectively. Each treatment involved six replicate pens and six pigs per pen. On days 14 and 28, all pigs were weighed and six from each treatment (one from each replicate pen) were killed, and the contents of the stomach, jejunum, and rectum were collected and used for determining nutrient digestibility and digestive enzyme activity. The results showed that supplementation of chitosan improved quadratically average daily gain (ADG) (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, dietary chitosan quadratically (P &lt; 0.05) increased apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP) on days 14 and 28, and quadratically increased apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM) on day 14 and of Ca and P on day 28, whereas decreased (P &lt; 0.05) apparent digestibility of ether extract in comparison with the control diet. In addition, dietary chitosan quadratically increased (P = 0.062) amylase activity of proximal jejunum and decreased (P &lt; 0.05) lipase activity of distal jejunum compared with the control. These data indicated that diets supplemented with increasing levels of chitosan (0, 100, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg chitosan per kg) quadratically improved ADG of weaned pigs. The growth-promoting action was achieved probably by improved digestibility of major nutrients (DM, CP, Ca, and&nbsp;P) and increased amylase activity of jejunum. &nbsp;

Phytocorrection of biochemical status and productivity when fattening barrows on low-protein diets enriched with essential amino acids

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
A. G. Solovieva ◽  
K. T. Erimbetov ◽  
O. V. Obvintseva
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Large White ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Experimental Group

The effect of the plant ecdysteroid-containing preparation of Leuzea extract on the metabolism and productivity of barrows (three-breed crossbreeds Landrace × large white × Duroc) during fattening on low-protein diets enriched with essential amino acids from 130 to 212 days old was studied for the first time. In the control and experimental groups, a low-protein barley-wheat diet with the addition of essential amino acids contained (g / kg) crude protein - 108 g, metabolic energy - 12.5 MJ, lysine - 7.6 g, threonine - 5.4 g, methionine - 5.2 g. In the experimental group, liquid extract of leuzea was introduced into the feed, at the rate of 190 mg / kg. Feeding the barrows during the fattening period of the leuzea extract contributed to an increase in the efficiency of the use of nutrients in biosynthetic processes in animals. In the barrows of the experimental group, the concentrations of total protein (P≤0.05), albumin (P≤0.05), creatinine (P≤0.05), lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, alkaline phosphatase activity at a lower level were statistically significantly higher urea (16.1%, P≤0.05) and glucose (P≤0.05). In the experimental group, during the period of fattening, the average daily gain in live weight was higher (by 10.2%, P≤0.05), the yield in the carcass of muscle tissue (P≤0.05), the indices of lean and meatiness, and lower the cost of feed (P≤ 0.05), crude protein (P≤0.05) and exchange energy (P≤0.05) per 1 kg of gain in live weight, output of subcutaneous adipose tissue and internal fat in comparison with the control. It was concluded that the use of a leuzea extract containing phytoecdysteroids, while feeding low-protein diets enriched with lysine, methionine and threonine, corrects metabolic processes, stimulating the biosynthesis of meat components, and thereby contributes to an increase in the productivity of barrows during fattening.

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