Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A Review of the Current Knowledge

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Sobanski ◽  
Martin H. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Compulsive Disorders

Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is an excessive preoccupation with an imagined, or real, slight defect in normal physical appearance. The disorder, which usually begins during adolescence, tends to be chronic, and probably is much more common than is usually thought. This review presents an overview of the available scientific literature of BDD. It provides information about historical aspects, epidemiology, clinical features, aetiology, and instruments for assessing BDD. The relationship of BDD with other psychiatric disorders such as depression, obsessive-compulsive disorders, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, eating disorders and personality disorders is discussed. Aetiological theories, including psychological and neurobiological explanations, are reviewed. Finally, psychopharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatment approaches are presented with special regard to treatment with serotonin-reuptake inhibitors, behavioural therapy and cognitive-behavioural therapy.

scholarly journals Unraveling the relationship of loneliness and isolation in schizophrenia: Polygenic dissection and causal inference

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Andreu-Bernabeu ◽  
C.M. Díaz-Caneja ◽  
J. Costas ◽  
L. de Hoyos ◽  
C. Stella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Correlation Pattern ◽  
Independent Case ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Compulsive Disorders

ABSTRACTThere is increasing recognition of the association between loneliness and social isolation (LNL-ISO) with schizophrenia. Here, we demonstrate significant LNL-ISO polygenic score prediction on schizophrenia in an independent case-control sample (N=3,488). We then dissect schizophrenia predisposing variation into subsets of variants based on their effect on LNL-ISO. Genetic variation with concordant effects in both phenotypes show significant SNP-based heritability enrichment, higher polygenic predictive ability in females and positive covariance with other mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, attention-deficit hyperactivity, alcohol use disorder, and autism. Conversely, genetic variation with discordant effects is only predictive in males and negatively correlated with those disorders. This correlation pattern is not observed for bipolar and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Mendelian randomization analyses demonstrate a plausible bi-directional causal relationship between LNL-ISO and schizophrenia, with a greater effect of LNL-ISO liability on schizophrenia. These results illustrate the genetic footprint of LNL-ISO on schizophrenia and suggest its role as a potential target for early intervention.

Sindrome di Tourette: alla faccia della PANDAS!

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 225-227
Author(s):  
Dante Ferrara
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Case ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Partial Regression ◽  
Good Clinical Response ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders ◽  
Compulsive Disorders

The paper describes the clinical case of a ten-year-old boy with Tourette’s syndrome, initially classified as PANDAS. The persistence, the complexity of the symptoms and the comorbidity with obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) have framed the case as Tourette syndrome and OCD. Treatment with cognitive behavioural therapy and aripiprazole gave a good clinical response, with partial regression of the symptoms. In the light of clinical improvement, a good prognosis is expected in the long term.

scholarly journals Basic mechanisms of, and treatment planning/targets for, obsessive–compulsive disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 976-986
Author(s):  
Eric Burguière ◽  
Luc Mallet
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Neural Networks ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders ◽  
Compulsive Disorders

Despite the range of conventional treatments available for obsessive–compulsive disorders, generally based on pharmacological and behavioural therapy, a significant number of patients receive no benefit from them. Clearly, further work is required to develop alternative therapeutic approaches to improve the treatment of the dysfunctional cognitive processes in obsessive–compulsive disorders and to better understand the neural networks involved. Some innovative tools have recently been developed in the fields of anatomical and functional imaging, neuromodulation, and animal models. These novel approaches offer opportunities to improve our understanding of the functional and pathophysiological basis of obsessive–compulsive disorders.

The Relationship of Body Dysmorphic Disorder to Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and the Concept of the Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Simberlund ◽  
Eric Hollander
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Behaviors ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter describes the relationship of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and the concept of the obsessive-compulsive spectrum. BDD is proposed to be part of an obsessive-compulsive spectrum of disorders, given its many similarities to OCD. OCD and BDD are both characterized by obsessions and compulsions, although in BDD individuals focus specifically on body image concerns, whereas in OCD they typically focus on concerns such as contamination, harm, and aggression. Distress that results from obsessions usually generates compulsive behaviors intended to reduce emotional discomfort. Individuals with BDD are more likely to have delusional beliefs and significantly poorer insight. Individuals with BDD report higher rates of major depressive disorder, substance use disorders, suicidal thoughts, and suicide attempts. OCD and BDD demonstrate familiality, indicating that they are likely related conditions. OCD and BDD are thought to be heterogeneous disorders that result from both genetic and environmental factors, some of which appear to be shared; for example, they appear to share some abnormalities involving the basal ganglia and limbic system (specifically the caudate nucleus).

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders and Childhood Chronic Functional Constipation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedram Ataee ◽  
Hadi Badiee ◽  
Soleiman Mohammadzadeh ◽  
Borhan Moradveisi ◽  
Daem Roshani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Constipation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Compulsive Disorders

Chronic constipation is one of the most common problems in children. It can cause anxiety and psychological problems in patients and parents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) in children with chronic functional constipation. This is a case-control study performed at the gastroenterology clinic of Besat Hospital Sanandaj for one year. The children aged 7-14-year-old with chronic functional constipation were selected as a case group, and the healthy children were recruited as a control group, who referred for growth control. Then, the Maudsley questionnaire for obsessive-compulsive disorders was completed by a trained assistant. With this questionnaire, the presence or absence of OCD and its type can be determined. Forty-three children were selected as the case group and sixty-seven children as the control group. The mean age of the case and control group was 9.3±1.5 and 8.8±1.6 years, respectively. Based on the results, there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of checking, cleaning, slowness, doubting, and total obsessive score (P˂0.05). Therefore, all five types of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the case group were greater than the control group. Obsessive-compulsive disorders were more common in children with functional constipation, and the total obsessive score in these children than the healthy children was a significant difference.

The Relationship of Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Eating Disorders to Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 347-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine A. Phillips ◽  
Walter H. Kaye
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Family History ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Body Image Disorders ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTBody dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and eating disorders are body image disorders that have long been hypothesized to be related to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Available data suggest that BDD and eating disorders are often comorbid with OCD. Data from a variety of domains suggest that both BDD and eating disorders have many similarities with OCD and seem related to OCD. However, these disorders also differ from OCD in some ways. Additional research is needed on the relationship of BDD and eating disorders to OCD, including studies that directly compare them to OCD in a variety of domains, including phenomenology, family history, neurobiology, and etiology.

scholarly journals Exploring the Relationship between Body Mass Index and Anxiety Status Among Ahlia University Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (B) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Sayed Tantawy ◽  
Nada Ikram Karamat ◽  
Rana Sulaiman Al Gannas ◽  
Sara Abdulrahman Khadem ◽  
Dalia M. Kamel
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
University Students ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Compulsive Disorders

BACKGROUND: Mood disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive-compulsive disorders, and other mental disorders could be due to obesity which is a prevalent condition among majority of population nowadays, whereas changes in anxiety level of individuals are also thought to have an influence on body mass index (BMI). AIM: The objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between BMI and anxiety status among Ahlia University students. METHODS: A total of 80 male and female students from different colleges of Ahlia University were included in our study. Their ages ranged between 18 and 25 years old with different BMI. The students were asked to fill a (GAD 7 scale) questionnaire related to anxiety level; their BMI was calculated. RESULTS: There was a significant relationship between BMI and anxiety status (negative correlation) (p < 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that BMI is inversely proportional to anxiety level, the reduction in BMI level is linked with elevated anxiety level and vice versa.

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