scholarly journals Unraveling the relationship of loneliness and isolation in schizophrenia: Polygenic dissection and causal inference

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Andreu-Bernabeu ◽  
C.M. Díaz-Caneja ◽  
J. Costas ◽  
L. de Hoyos ◽  
C. Stella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Correlation Pattern ◽  
Independent Case ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Compulsive Disorders

ABSTRACTThere is increasing recognition of the association between loneliness and social isolation (LNL-ISO) with schizophrenia. Here, we demonstrate significant LNL-ISO polygenic score prediction on schizophrenia in an independent case-control sample (N=3,488). We then dissect schizophrenia predisposing variation into subsets of variants based on their effect on LNL-ISO. Genetic variation with concordant effects in both phenotypes show significant SNP-based heritability enrichment, higher polygenic predictive ability in females and positive covariance with other mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, attention-deficit hyperactivity, alcohol use disorder, and autism. Conversely, genetic variation with discordant effects is only predictive in males and negatively correlated with those disorders. This correlation pattern is not observed for bipolar and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Mendelian randomization analyses demonstrate a plausible bi-directional causal relationship between LNL-ISO and schizophrenia, with a greater effect of LNL-ISO liability on schizophrenia. These results illustrate the genetic footprint of LNL-ISO on schizophrenia and suggest its role as a potential target for early intervention.

scholarly journals Polygenic contribution to the relationship of loneliness and social isolation with schizophrenia

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro Andreu-Bernabeu ◽  
Covadonga M. Díaz-Caneja ◽  
Javier Costas ◽  
Lucía De Hoyos ◽  
Carol Stella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Independent Case ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Covariance

AbstractPrevious research suggests an association of loneliness and social isolation (LNL-ISO) with schizophrenia. Here, we demonstrate a LNL-ISO polygenic score contribution to schizophrenia risk in an independent case-control sample (N = 3,488). We then subset schizophrenia predisposing variation based on its effect on LNL-ISO. We find that genetic variation with concordant effects in both phenotypes shows significant SNP-based heritability enrichment, higher polygenic contribution in females, and positive covariance with mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, alcohol dependence, and autism. Conversely, genetic variation with discordant effects only contributes to schizophrenia risk in males and is negatively correlated with those disorders. Mendelian randomization analyses demonstrate a plausible bi-directional causal relationship between LNL-ISO and schizophrenia, with a greater effect of LNL-ISO liability on schizophrenia than vice versa. These results illustrate the genetic footprint of LNL-ISO on schizophrenia.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A Review of the Current Knowledge

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Sobanski ◽  
Martin H. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Compulsive Disorders

Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is an excessive preoccupation with an imagined, or real, slight defect in normal physical appearance. The disorder, which usually begins during adolescence, tends to be chronic, and probably is much more common than is usually thought. This review presents an overview of the available scientific literature of BDD. It provides information about historical aspects, epidemiology, clinical features, aetiology, and instruments for assessing BDD. The relationship of BDD with other psychiatric disorders such as depression, obsessive-compulsive disorders, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, eating disorders and personality disorders is discussed. Aetiological theories, including psychological and neurobiological explanations, are reviewed. Finally, psychopharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatment approaches are presented with special regard to treatment with serotonin-reuptake inhibitors, behavioural therapy and cognitive-behavioural therapy.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders and Childhood Chronic Functional Constipation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedram Ataee ◽  
Hadi Badiee ◽  
Soleiman Mohammadzadeh ◽  
Borhan Moradveisi ◽  
Daem Roshani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Constipation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Compulsive Disorders

Chronic constipation is one of the most common problems in children. It can cause anxiety and psychological problems in patients and parents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) in children with chronic functional constipation. This is a case-control study performed at the gastroenterology clinic of Besat Hospital Sanandaj for one year. The children aged 7-14-year-old with chronic functional constipation were selected as a case group, and the healthy children were recruited as a control group, who referred for growth control. Then, the Maudsley questionnaire for obsessive-compulsive disorders was completed by a trained assistant. With this questionnaire, the presence or absence of OCD and its type can be determined. Forty-three children were selected as the case group and sixty-seven children as the control group. The mean age of the case and control group was 9.3±1.5 and 8.8±1.6 years, respectively. Based on the results, there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of checking, cleaning, slowness, doubting, and total obsessive score (P˂0.05). Therefore, all five types of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the case group were greater than the control group. Obsessive-compulsive disorders were more common in children with functional constipation, and the total obsessive score in these children than the healthy children was a significant difference.

scholarly journals Exploring the Relationship between Body Mass Index and Anxiety Status Among Ahlia University Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (B) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Sayed Tantawy ◽  
Nada Ikram Karamat ◽  
Rana Sulaiman Al Gannas ◽  
Sara Abdulrahman Khadem ◽  
Dalia M. Kamel
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
University Students ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Compulsive Disorders

BACKGROUND: Mood disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive-compulsive disorders, and other mental disorders could be due to obesity which is a prevalent condition among majority of population nowadays, whereas changes in anxiety level of individuals are also thought to have an influence on body mass index (BMI). AIM: The objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between BMI and anxiety status among Ahlia University students. METHODS: A total of 80 male and female students from different colleges of Ahlia University were included in our study. Their ages ranged between 18 and 25 years old with different BMI. The students were asked to fill a (GAD 7 scale) questionnaire related to anxiety level; their BMI was calculated. RESULTS: There was a significant relationship between BMI and anxiety status (negative correlation) (p < 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that BMI is inversely proportional to anxiety level, the reduction in BMI level is linked with elevated anxiety level and vice versa.

Dysregulation of DNA methylation during development as a potential mechanisms contributing to obsessive compulsive disorders and autism

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
German I. Todorov ◽  
Karthikeyan Mayilvahanan ◽  
David Ashurov ◽  
Catarina Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Treatment Priority ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Knock Out Mice ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders ◽  
Compulsive Disorders

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a pervasive developmental disorder, that is raising at a concerning rate. However, underlying mechanisms are still to be discovered. Obsessions and compulsions are the most debilitating aspect of these disorders (OCD), and they are the treatment priority for patients. SAPAP3 knock out mice present a reliable mouse model for repetitive compulsive behavior and are mechanistically closely related to the ASD mouse model Shank3 on a molecular level and AMPA receptor net effect. The phenotype of SAPAP3 knock out mice is obsessive grooming that leads to self-inflicted lesions by 4 months of age. Recent studies have accumulated evidence, that epigenetic mechanisms are important effectors in psychiatric conditions such as ASD and OCD. Methylation is the most studied mechanism, that recently lead to drug developments for more precise cancer treatments. We injected SAPAP3 mice with an epigenetic demethylation drug RG108 during pregnancy and delayed the onset of the phenotype in the offspring by 4 months. This result gives us clues about possible mechanism involved in OCD and ASD. Additionally, it shows that modulation of methylation mechanisms during development might be explored as a preventative treatment in the cases of high inherited risk of certain mental health conditions.

The Use of Quetiapine for Comorbid Bipolar and Obsessive Compulsive Disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
María Yoldi-Negrete ◽  
Mónica Flores-Ramos ◽  
Alejandra Montserrat Rodríguez-Ramírez ◽  
Carvajal-Lohr Armando ◽  
Jorge Ávila-Solorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders ◽  
Compulsive Disorders
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