scholarly journals Tea or coffee? A case study on evidence for dietary advice

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1132-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin W Binns ◽  
Andy H Lee ◽  
Michelle L Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Public Health Nutrition ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
The Public ◽  
Nutrition Guidelines

AbstractThe present paper explores the level of evidence required to justify giving dietary advice to the public. There are important practical differences between the development of public health nutrition guidelines and guidelines for clinical practice. While the gold standard for evidence for clinical practice guidelines is a meta-analysis of a number of randomised controlled trials, this is often unrealistic and sometimes unethical for the evaluation of public health nutrition interventions. Hence, epidemiological studies make up the bulk of evidence for nutrition guidelines. Tea and coffee are an interesting case study in relation to this issue. They are two of the most commonly consumed beverages worldwide, yet there is little dietary advice on their use. The evidence for a relationship between coffee or tea consumption and several diseases is discussed. The available studies, predominantly epidemiological, together with animal and in vitro studies, indicate that coffee and tea are both safe beverages. However, tea is the healthier option because it has a possible role in the prevention of several cancers and CVD. While the evidence for such relationships is not strong, the public will continue to drink both tea and coffee, and will continue to ask nutritionists to make recommendations. It is therefore argued that advice should be given on the best available data, as waiting for complete data to become available could have severe consequences for public health.

scholarly journals Using unfolding case studies to better prepare the public health nutrition workforce to address the social determinants of health

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Palermo ◽  
Sue Kleve ◽  
Julia McCartan ◽  
Julie Brimblecombe ◽  
Megan Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Public Health Nutrition ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
The Public ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Unfolding Case Studies

AbstractObjectiveThe public health nutrition workforce has been reported to be underprepared for practice. The present study aimed to test the ability of an unfolding case study approach to support the public health nutrition workforce for the workplace, with a focus on improved access to nutritious food.DesignTwo unfolding case studies were trialled with undergraduate students in two-hour workshops to enhance their capability to address access to nutritious food as a social determinant of health. The approach provided information about the case using a staged approach that supported learners to review and reply to information and then continue this process as the case became increasingly complex.SettingMelbourne, Australia.ParticipantsThirty-eight undergraduate nutrition and dietetics students.ResultsThe analysis revealed that the unfolding case study approach provided a place to challenge and deepen knowledge and think about the application of theory. As the cases developed and became more challenging, students were supported to consider appropriate approaches and recognised the constant evolution and dynamic nature of practice.ConclusionsThis learning activity challenged students and supported deep learning about possible solutions. It may also be useful at a graduate level and for continuous education of nutritionists and/or dietitians to empower the workforce to address the social determinants of health, rather than just acknowledging them as a set of barriers that prevent people and communities from achieving optimal health. Further work is required to investigate how unfolding case studies in curricula shape preparedness for practice of public health nutrition.

Exodus of Clinicians from Public Sector to Non-Clinical Practice in Private Sector in Dar es Salaam Tanzania; Exploring the Drivers

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-58
Author(s):  
Elice Temu ◽  
Gasto Frumence ◽  
Nathanael Sirili
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Health Workforce ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
The Public

Background: Globally, shortage of clinicians health workforce is among the major challenges facing the health systems of many countries including Tanzania. Migration of medical doctors from clinical practice to non-clinical practice partly contributes to this challenge. This study aimed to explore factors influencing Medical Doctors’ decision to migrate from clinical practice in the public sector to non-clinical practice in the private sector in Dar es Salaam Tanzania.Methods: An exploratory qualitative study was conducted using 12 in-depth interviews with medical doctors working in the private sector but formerly worked in the public health sector. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed.Results: Three main themes emerged; health system-level drivers that has three sub-themes, namely poor work environment, heavy workload due to shortage of clinicians and underfunded public health sector; individual-level drivers, which include four sub-themes: Age, area of specialization, marital status and empathy to patients; and external environment drivers consisting of two sub-themes: peer pressure and community culture.Conclusion: Improving the work environment through increased funding will partly address the main health system drivers underlying migration from the clinical practice. Furthermore, nurturing junior doctors to be enthusiastic and adapting to cultural shocks can partly help to address the individual and external drivers. Keywords: Shortage, Medical Doctors, Clinicians, Physicians, migration, health workforce, Tanzania Clinical Practice, Non-Clinical Practice.

Sustainable diets

2011 ◽  
pp. 379-388
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Food Security ◽  
The Political ◽  
Public Health Nutrition ◽  
Individual Behaviour ◽  
The Public ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Sustainability and nutrition 380 Sustainable development 382 Food security 383 Climate change and obesity 384 Useful websites and further reading 388 The public health nutrition field has identified a need to encompass the inter-relationship of man with his environment (The Giessen Declaration, 2005). Ecological public health nutrition places nutrition within its wider structural settings including the political, physical, socio-cultural and economic environment that influence individual behaviour and health. As a consequence, it includes the impact of what is eaten on the natural environment as well as the impact of environmental and climate change on all components of food security, i.e. on what food is available, accessible, utilizable and stable (...

scholarly journals Contributions of knowledge products to health policy: a case study on the Public Health Status and Forecasts Report 2010

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 922-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Hegger ◽  
Maarten O. Kok ◽  
Susan W.J. Janssen ◽  
Albertine J. Schuit ◽  
Hans A.M. van Oers
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Health Status ◽  
The Public

Narratives of death: Systemic determinants of the coverage of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adaobi Vivian Duru
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
International News ◽  
The Public ◽  
Media System ◽  
Health Expert ◽  
Media Systems

This study used the 2014 Ebola outbreak as a case study to compare news coverage of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) between the Polarized Pluralist media system and the Liberal media system. This investigation revealed that partisan frames, emphasis on local and international efforts and use of health expert sources all differed across the two media systems. These differences suggest that social, political and economic attributes of media systems affect how news is shaped. When an event of international significance occurs, such as a disease outbreak, the characteristics that make up a media system will influence how issues are covered and presented to the public. Giving the current globalized nature of news, the findings in this study has implications for international news flow.

Evidence-Based Cancer Practices, Programs, and Interventions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria E. Fernandez ◽  
Patricia Dolan Mullen ◽  
Jennifer Leeman ◽  
Timothy J. Walker ◽  
Cam Escoffery
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The Public ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Control Research ◽  
Control And Prevention

There are many evidence-based interventions, cancer control practices, programs, treatments, and clinical practice guidelines across cancer control and prevention topic areas that have great potential for decreasing the cancer burden. Nevertheless, challenges in identifying evidence-based interventions (EBIs) that match the needs of community and practice settings, adapting EBIs for new populations and contexts, and implementing EBIs in real-world settings limit the public health impact of cancer control research and its products. This chapter provides an introduction to existing EBIs for cancer control and provides examples of different types of EBIs across the cancer continuum. It highlights issues related to the identification of EBIs, including the evaluation of EBI resources. It also describes processes that can be used to enhance the development, adaptation, and implementation of evidence-based cancer control interventions.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Actors in Innovation in Public Health Services: Brazilian Experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristine Hermann Nodari ◽  
Luciana Gondim de Almeida Guimarães ◽  
Alipio Ramos Veiga Neto ◽  
Pelayo Munhoz Olea ◽  
Isabel Cristina Rosa Barros Rasia
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
The Public ◽  
Different Types ◽  
South Of Brazil

The analysis of development of innovation in services starts from the interaction of different actors. This research aimed to identify the dynamics of the mobilization of preferences and capabilities of different actors (political decision-makers, users and servers) in the development of the final characteristics of the service and, consequently, of the innovation in the public health context of a municipality located in the south of Brazil. Was carried out analysis of data from descriptive and inferential statistics of case study. The main results highlight the preponderance of the operation of server capacity for mobilization of different types of innovation, and consequently the production of the final characteristics of the health service. In this context, service innovation can finally be taken as the endogenous decision-making process of the organizations that make up the sector and that derive from the very nature of health services. Finally, we described the limitations and future research opportunities.

scholarly journals Pain neuroscience education and physical exercise for patients with chronic spinal pain in primary healthcare: a randomised trial protocol

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Galán-Martín ◽  
Federico Montero-Cuadrado ◽  
Enrique Lluch-Girbes ◽  
M. Carmen Coca-López ◽  
Agustín Mayo-Iscar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Neuroscience Education

Abstract Background Chronic musculoskeletal pain affects more than 20% of the population, and the prevalence is increasing, causing suffering, loss of quality of life, disability, and an enormous expenditure on healthcare resources. The most common location for chronic pain is the spine. Many of the treatments used are mainly passive (pharmacological and invasive) and poor outcomes. The treatments currently applied in the public health system do not comply with the recommendations of the main clinical practice guidelines, which suggest the use of educational measures and physical exercise as the first-line treatment. A protocol based on active coping strategies is described, which will be evaluated through a clinical trial and which could facilitate the transfer of the recommendations of the clinical practice guidelines to a primary care setting. Methods Randomised and multicentre clinical trials, which will be carried out in 10 Primary Care centres. The trial will compare the effect of a Pain Neuroscience Education program (six sessions, 10 h) and group physical exercise (18 sessions program carried out in six weeks, 18 h), with usual care physiotherapy treatment. Group physical exercise incorporates dual tasks, gaming, and reinforcement of contents of the educational program. The aim is to assess the effect of the intervention on quality of life, as well as on pain, disability, catastrophism, kinesiophobia, central sensitisation, and drug use. The outcome variables will be measured at the beginning of the intervention, after the intervention (week 11), at six months, and a year. Discussion Therapeutic interventions based on active coping strategies are essential for the treatment of chronic pain and the sustainability of the Public Health System. Demonstrating whether group interventions have an effect size is essential for optimising resources in such a prevalent problem. Trial registration NCT03654235 “Retrospectively registered” 31 August 2018.

Consensus on the core functions of the public health nutrition workforce in Australia

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Hughes ◽  
Andrea Begley ◽  
Heather Yeatman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Nutrition ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Core

scholarly journals Laser toys fail to comply with safety standards – case study based on laser product classification

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslaw Mlynczak
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Laser Safety ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
The Public ◽  
Tests And Measurements ◽  
Radiation Sources ◽  
Product Classification

Abstract The article describes the laser safety classification of a laser toy for children equipped with a laser aimer/illuminator with two radiation sources. Following the rules presented in EN 60825-1: 2014 standard, the tests and measurements of the accessible emission were carried out and the class of the laser product was determined to be 3R. It was shown that the laser toy does not comply with the requirements of the EN 62115: 2020 standard and the Public Health England Guidance. The potential hazards associated with Class 3R, indicated in the EN 60825-1: 2014 standard, are also discussed.

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