scholarly journals Evaluating energy intake measurement in free-living subjects: when to record and for how long?

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire L Fyfe ◽  
Joanne Stewart ◽  
Sandra D Murison ◽  
Diane M Jackson ◽  
Kellie Rance ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North East ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Food Diaries ◽  
Habitual Intake ◽  
Age Range

AbstractObjectiveTo nutritionally analyse mean energy intake (EI) from different 3 d intervals within a 7 d recording period and to evaluate the seasonal effect on energy and nutrient intake.DesignCross-sectional study of dietary intake collected with 7 d food diaries.SettingAberdeen, north-east Scotland, UK, between 2002 and 2004.SubjectsParticipants from two long-term trials were pooled. These trials, investigating genetic and environmental influences on body weight, were the Genotyping And Phenotyping (GAP) study and a cohort observational study, Rowett Assessment of Childhood Appetite and metaboLism (RASCAL). There were 260 Caucasian adults, BMI range 16·7–49·3 kg/m2, age range 21–64 years.ResultsMean EI for Wednesday, Friday and Saturday had the closest approximation to the 7 d mean (0·1 % overestimate). A gender × season interaction (P = 0·019) with a different intake pattern for females and males was observed. For females, lower mean (se) EI was recorded in summer (8117 (610) kJ) and autumn (7941 (699) kJ) compared with spring (8929 (979) kJ) and winter (8132 (1041) kJ). For males, higher mean (se) EI was recorded in summer (10 420 (736) kJ) and autumn (10 490 (1041) kJ) compared with spring (9319 (1441) kJ) and winter (9103 (1505) kJ).ConclusionsThe study results indicate that 3 d weighed intakes recorded from Wednesday, Friday and Saturday are most representative of 7 d habitual intake in free-living subjects. They also indicate that seasonality has a limited effect on EI and no effect on macronutrient intake.

scholarly journals Association of eating speed and energy intake of main meals with overweight in Chinese pre-school children

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 2029-2036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Lin ◽  
Liping Pan ◽  
Lixia Tang ◽  
Jingxiong Jiang ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Main Meals

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association between eating behaviours (eating speed and energy intake of main meals) and overweight in pre-school children.DesignCross-sectional study. Data consisted of measurements (height and weight), questionnaire information (eating behaviours of eating speed and overeating) and on-site observation data (meal duration and energy intake of main meals).SettingSeven kindergartens in Beijing, China.SubjectsPre-school children (n 1138; age range 3·1–6·7 years old) from seven kindergartens participated in the study.ResultsThe multivariate-adjusted odds ratio of overweight in participants with parent-reported ‘more than needed food intake’ was 3·02 (95 % CI 2·06, 4·44) compared with the ‘medium food intake’ participants, and higher eating speed was associated with childhood overweight. For the two observed eating behaviours, each 418·7 kJ (100 kcal) increase of lunch energy intake significantly increased the likelihood for overweight by a factor of 1·445, and each 5-min increase in meal duration significantly decreased the likelihood for overweight by a factor of 0·861. Increased portions of rice and cooked dishes were significantly associated with overweight status (OR = 2·274; 95 % CI 1·360, 3·804 and OR = 1·378; 95 % CI 1·010, 1·881, respectively).ConclusionsEating speed and excess energy intake of main meals are associated with overweight in pre-school children.

scholarly journals IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 100-105
Author(s):  
Hamzullah Khan ◽  
Khalid Khan ◽  
Fazle Raziq ◽  
Aamir Naseem
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Red Cell Indices ◽  
Age Range

Objectives: To determine the importance of the RDW and other red cell indices(MCV, HBG) in the prediction of iron deficiency anemia in third trimester of pregnancy in a tertiarycare hospital of Peshawar. Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: OPD Department ofGynecology and Obstetrics Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lady reading Hospital (PGMI-LRH)st th Peshawar. Period: 1 August 2012- 10 Dec 2012. Material and Methods: A Total of 152 womenattending the centre were included. Necessary information’s were recorded on the questionnaireprepared in accordance with the objectives of the study. Results: A total of 152 women in theirthird trimester presenting to Gynecology and obstetrics department of Lady reading hospitalPeshawar. The age range of the patient was from 20 years to 55 years with mean age of33+3.4years.Out of total 27(18%) were primagravida. Majority of the cases 118(77.6%) werefrom Peshawar, 9% from charsadda, 8% nowshera etc. We also received 2 patients 1.2% fromAfghanistan. Regarding financial status 57 %( 87) females were in upper Class ( i.e. income>20000/month) on recall. Of total 81(53%) of the females were having hemoglobin less than11g/dl and 22% of the women had HCT<32% which as per criteria of the WHO were anemic at thetime of presentation. While 29(19%) patients had low value of MCV (microcytic). Fifty five patients(36.2%) had RDW CV(%) more than 15% which points more towards the microcytic nature ofanemia and more anisocytosis. Conclusions: Fifty five patients (36.2%) had RDW CV(%) morethan 15% which points more towards the microcytic nature of anemia. While 29(19%) patientshad low value of MCV (microcytic). Increased RDW is best indicator for the detection of irondeficiency anemia than MCV. Increased RDW even in the presence of normal MCV can be anearly signal for iron deficiency anemia in pregnacy. Hence RDW is more reliable indicator for irondeficiency especially in pregnancy. Changes in RDW in last trimester is more significant that MCV.

scholarly journals Acquisition age of lateral and rhotic phonemes: the opinion of Speech and Language Therapists from Santiago, Chile

Revista CEFAC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Paz Rojas Contreras ◽  
María Angélica Fernández Gallardo ◽  
Christian Iván Peñaloza Castillo ◽  
Felipe Hernán Torres Morales ◽  
Josué David Pino Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Times ◽  
Age Range

ABSTRACT Purpose: to describe at which age do speech and language therapists consider the / l /, / ɾ /, / r / phonemes should be acquired; to describe the criteria used by speech and language therapists to consider a phoneme as acquired; and to investigate the diagnostic criteria used by these professionals. Methods: this is an analytical cross-sectional study in which an online questionnaire was completed by 151 speech and language therapists from the Metropolitan region of Chile. The questionnaire included questions regarding the aims of this study. Results: around a 30% of respondents considered the /l/ phoneme to be acquired between 3,6-4,6 years, a 72% agreed on the /ɾ/ phoneme to be acquired from 4,0 to 4,11 and a 40% declared the acquisition of the /r/ phoneme between 5,6-5,11. When determining a phoneme as acquired, a 46.3% of interviewees referred to do it only when it was produced always and a 30% declared to consider as such when produced more than 50% of the times. When exposed to a real case, respondents provided three different diagnostic options. Conclusion: results showed a wide age range in which speech and language therapists consider the lateral and rhotic phonemes to be acquired, showing no consensus. There are diverse criteria to determine when each phoneme is acquired. Similarly, different opinions were evidenced regarding when a disorder would be defined as phonologic or articulatory.

scholarly journals Colorectal cancer risk factors in north-eastern Iran: A retrospective cross-sectional study based on geographical information systems, spatial autocorrelation and regression analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladan Goshayeshi ◽  
Ali Pourahmadi ◽  
Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan ◽  
Soheil Hashtarkhani ◽  
Sajad Karimian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North East ◽  
Study Results

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer among females and the third most common malignancy in males in the world. No single risk factor has been identified, but there are many interrelated factors that together cause the disease. This retrospective, cross-sectional study aimed to identify potential spatial factors contributing to its geographical distribution. Data concerning 1,089 individuals with CRC from the Khorasan-Razavi Province in Iran, located in the North-East of the country, were obtained from the national CRC registry. Local Moran’s I statistic was performed to identify clustered areas of CRC occurrence and ordinary least squared regression was calculated to predict frequency of the disease based on a set of variables, such as diet, body mass index (BMI) and the proportion of the population ≥50 years of age. Some dissimilarities related to the geography in the province and also some neighbourhood-related similarities and dissimilarities of CRC occurrence in the city of Mashhad were found. A significant regression equation was found (F (4,137)=38.304, P<.000) with an adjusted R2 of 0.6141. The predicted CRC frequency was -58.3581 with the coefficients for average BMI=+1.594878; fibre intake=-0.610335; consumption of red meat +0.078970; and ≥50-year age group =+0.000744. All associations were statistically significant, except the consumption of red meat one. The study results illuminate the potential underlying risk factors in areas where the CRC risk is comparatively high and how the CRC risk factors may play a role in CRC geographic disparity. Further research is required to explain the patterns observed. We conclude that people should include more fibre in their daily diet and decline their BMI to decrease risk of CRC.

scholarly journals Fat Mass Evaluation in Classical Ballet Dancers: Comparation Between Predictive Anthopometry Equations (P13-003-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Clara Carvalho ◽  
Carlos Henrique de Torres ◽  
Ana Carolina Costa ◽  
Ana Luisa Prazeres ◽  
Bruna Maciel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fat Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Equations ◽  
Ballet Dancers ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Classical Ballet ◽  
Age Range

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to identify and compare fat mass of classical ballet practitioners using 8 different anthropometric predictive equations. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2016 to 2018, in which 37 classical intermediate/advanced female dancers were evaluated. The anthropometric equations were selected from the literature using the following key words: “predictive equations”, “anthropometry”, “body composition”, and “ballet dancers”. Equations developed for men, for populations with specific diseases, and those that did not include the age range of the study participants were excluded. Thus, the studied equations were: Sloan (1962), Jackson and Pollock (1980), Jackson and Pollock (1975), Guedes (1985), Slaughter (1988), Hergenroeder (1995), Durnin and Womersley (1997). From the equations selected, the Fat Mass (FM) was evaluated. To test if the equations used generated different FM results, ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-test was used. Results From the anthropometric equations evaluated, a mean FM of 27.11 (0.32)% was observed. The equations of Guedes (1985), Jackson and Pollock (1975) showed similar FM results, of 28.05 (0.8)% and 28.02 (1.22)%, respectively. The equations of Petroski (1995), Sloan (1962) and Slaugther (1988) also presented similar FM results of 26.23 (0.73)%, 26.09 (1.05)% and 26.44 (0.73)%, respectively. The other studied equations presented different FM results when compared. Conclusions Study results showed that using different equations give different FM results, reinforcing that the validation and cross validation of population specific equations are needed. Funding Sources Conselho Nacional de desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico (CNPq). Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Neurosurgical burden of hydrocephalus in a tertiary care hospital in the developing world.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (03) ◽  
pp. 588-593
Author(s):  
Bilal Khan ◽  
Muhammad Usman Khan ◽  
Aftab Ahmad ◽  
Usman Haqqani
Keyword(s):  
Developing World ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Male To Female

Objectives: To know about the Neurosurgical burden of Hydrocephalus in a tertiary care hospital, in developing world. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Department of Neurosurgery, MTI/LRH Peshawar. Period: September 2015 to August 2016. Material & Methods: The age, gender, indication for surgery, type of surgery and mode of surgery i.e. whether as elective or emergency, was recorded on a proforma.  All patients undergoing surgery primarily for hydrocephalus due to any cause were included in the study. Patients undergoing surgery for indications other than hydrocephalus as well as patients primarily explored for other etiologies and intervened for hydrocephalus in the midst of procedure were excluded from the study. Results: During the study period a total of 2844 patients were operated and amongst them were 437 (15.34%) cases operated for hydrocephalus. Of them were 242 males and 195 females, and the male to female ratio was 1.24.  The age range was one month to 68 years and the mean age was 5±4.8 years. There were 250 new shunts and 69 revisions and 13 removal procedures, 70(2.4%) endoscopic hydrocephalus related procedures, 28 external ventricular drains and 7 lumboperitoneal shunts. 189 cases were done on elective list while 248 as emergency. Conclusion: Every 3rd case done on emergency list and every 10th case done on elective list was related to hydrocephalus and accounted for 16% of all the cases done in the neurosurgery.

ASSESSMENT OF SKILLED BIRTH ATTENDANTS REGARDING HELPING BABIES BREATH INTERVENTION TO IMPROVE NEWBORN CARE IN RURAL DISTRICT OF SINDH

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Sheh Mureed ◽  
Muhammad Hassan Gandro ◽  
Walid Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Skilled Birth Attendants ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Birth Attendants ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Labour Room

Background: Globally, 3.1 million newborn deaths occur every year out of these estimated 400,000 neonatal deaths occur in Pakistan. All neonatal deaths 99% take place in poorest region and countries of the world, usually within hours of birth; mostly the cause of neonatal deaths is hypoxia. To access knowledge and practice of SBAs regarding HBB and to access the availability of equipments required for HBB. Methods: Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study on SBAs as trained in HBB. All 46 SBAs trained on HBB working in Labour room eight rural Health centers, four Taluka, One district Head Quarter Health Facilities and thirteen Mlbcs of the district, were included in the sample for study. All 41 SBAs were trained on HBB participated in the study. Results: Mean age of 30 years. Out of total 41 participants 25 were working in B-EmoNC (61%), 3in C-EmoNC (7.3%) and 13 in mid wife laid birth Centre (MLBC) or birth station (31.7%). About 92.7% of participants said that main purpose of HBB training is to decrease the NMR by improving newborn care. Drying of newborn is 82.7%, hand washing is 95.12% and 85.3% of the study participants said that they gave 30-40 breaths per minutes. Cord clamp and pair of ties was accessible to 85% of participants versus 14.3% who reported it's not accessible. Almost one quarter (34.1%) participants have low knowledge and practice. Knowledge and training had significant effect on the overall practices of the skilled birth attendants for skilled birth deliveries and reduce the neonatal deaths (P <0.001). Conclusion: Tools play a vital role for the implication of the knowledge into practices and tools were available almost to every participant. Although few barriers also identified for the less application of the helping hand babies trainings in the community.

Blood Analysis Requests of Patients’ and Clinical Reflections in Primary Care

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
Zerrin Gamsizkan ◽  
Mehmet Ali Sungur ◽  
Yasemin Çayır
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Blood Test ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
Study Results

Aim: The aim of the study is to determine the factors that may affect the demands of patients who come with the request to have a blood test without any chronic disease or a planned examination check. Methods: The data of this descriptive, cross-sectional study, were collected with a questionnaire that was prepared to examine the opinions of the patients who claim to have a blood test by coming to the family health center without any complaints. Patients over 18 years of age, who did not have any chronic disease and had no scheduled examination appointments were included in the study. Results: A total of 278 patients who wanted to have a blood test within the 6-months period were included in the study. Female patients who wanted to have a blood test were significantly more than male patients. When we look at the causes of patients who wanted to have a blood test; 61.2% (n=170) patients stated that they are concerned about their health and 6.1% (n=17) stated that they were affected by media warnings. There was no significant relationship between the frequency of blood test requests of patients and their age, gender, education, and general health status. Conclusion: Patients with high expectations and anxiety may be more willing to perform blood tests at inappropriate intervals. Family physicians, whose primary role is preventive medicine, have consultancy and information duties in order to protect their patients from the risk of over-examination and diagnosis. Keywords: blood tests, patient, screening, routine diagnostic tests

STUDYING OF CHILDREN WITH MENTAL RETARDATION IN HUE CITY IN 2011

2012 ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Thi Minh Xuan Doan ◽  
Xuan Chuong Tran
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Study Results

Children with mental retardation have low intelligence, slow thinking, low learning ability in comparison with the same age children. Objectives: 1. To determine the prevalence of children with mental retardation in Hue City. 2. To study some characteristics of children with mental retardation. Materials and methodes: All children with mental retardation in Hue city. Cross sectional study. Results: The prevalence of children with mental retardation (CMR) among children under 15 yrs is 0.23%, among disable children 38.16%. The highest prevalences ware in Phu Binh, Xuan Phu quarters (0.79 and 0.66%), lowest in Thuan Loc, Thuan Thanh quarters (0.03 and 0.06%). Children over 5 yrs old were 75.95%. Most of children have slow development in movement and daily activities. More than 78% have late walking, 84% have late speaking. Conclusions: The prevalence of children with mental retardation among children under 15 yrs is 0.23%, among disable children 38.16%. Most of children have slow development in movement and daily activities.

scholarly journals Sarcopenia and Malnutrition Screening in Female Osteoporosis Patients—A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2344
Author(s):  
Franca Genest ◽  
Dominik Rak ◽  
Elisa Bätz ◽  
Kerstin Ott ◽  
Lothar Seefried
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Functional Deficits ◽  
Complementary Approach ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Not At Risk

Sarcopenia and malnutrition are important determinants of increased fracture risk in osteoporosis. SARC-F and MNA-SF are well-established questionnaires for identifying patients at risk for these conditions. We sought to evaluate the feasibility and potential added benefit of such assessments as well as the actual prevalence of these conditions in osteoporosis patients. We conducted a cross-sectional, single-center study in female osteoporosis patients ≥ 65 years (SaNSiBaR-study). Results of the sarcopenia (SARC-F) and malnutrition (MNA-SF) screening questionnaires were matched with a functional assessment for sarcopenia and data from patients’ medical records. Out of 107 patients included in the analysis, a risk for sarcopenia (SARC-F ≥ 4 points) and a risk for malnutrition (MNA-SF ≤ 11 points) was found in 33 (30.8%) and 38 (35.5%) patients, respectively. Diagnostic overlap with coincident indicative findings in both questionnaires was observed in 17 patients (16%). As compared to the respective not-at-risk groups, the mean short physical performance battery (SPPB) score was significantly reduced in both patients at risk for sarcopenia (7.0 vs. 10.9 points, p < 0.001) and patients at risk for malnutrition (8.7 vs. 10.5 points, p = 0.005). Still, confirmed sarcopenia according to EWGSOP2 criteria was present in only 6 (6%) of all 107 patients, with only 3 of them having an indicative SARC-F score. Bone mineral density was not significantly different in any of the at-risk groups at any site. In summary, applying SARC-F and MNA-SF in osteoporosis patients appears to be a complementary approach to identify individuals with functional deficits.

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