scholarly journals Effect of parental overweight and serum leptin levels on the manifestation of overweight in 7-year-old Korean children

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
In K Kim ◽  
Hye-Ja Lee ◽  
Jae H Kang ◽  
Jihyun Song
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
Serum Leptin

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the relationship between children and their parents in terms of various anthropometric parameters and obesity-related hormone levels and to identify early indicators for child obesity.DesignCross-sectional observational study.SettingUrban areas of Korea in 2005.SubjectsA total 124 families with 7-year-old children participated. Anthropometric and blood biochemistry data and information concerning the children’s lifestyles, dietary habits and parental and grandparental weight status were obtained.ResultsThe mean values for all anthropometric parameters were greater in overweight children than in children of normal weight. Very close relationships existed between the anthropometric parameters of children and their parents. Children with two overweight parents showed the highest odds for being overweight (OR 7·62). The strong relationship between overweight children and grandparental and parental overweight, especially on the maternal side, suggests gender differences in the intergenerational transmission of body weight. We also noted a greater risk of being overweight in children with a parent with high serum leptin level.ConclusionsGrandparental and parental weight status and parental serum leptin levels enable us to identify childhood obesity at an early age and may help to counter the current epidemic of adult obesity.

Thyroid Volume and Thyroid Function Parameters Are Independently Associated with Weight Status in Overweight Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 279-286
Author(s):  
Nina Lass ◽  
Andre Barth ◽  
Thomas Reinehr
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Function Parameter ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Cross Sectional

<b><i>Background:</i></b> A relation between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), insulin resistance – both of which are related to obesity – and thyroid volume has been suggested. Therefore, we analyzed thyroid volume and structure in relation to thyroid function parameters, weight status, and insulin resistance. <b><i>Methods:</i></b>This is a cross-sectional study in which weight status (BMI-SDS), thyroid function parameters (TSH, free tri-iodothyronine [fT3], and free thyroxine [fT4]), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), and thyroid volume (ultrasound) were determined in 617 overweight children (aged 10.4 ± 2.2 years, 50% male, BMI-SDS 2.5 ± 0.6) and in 27 normal-weight children of a similar age and gender. Furthermore, changes in thyroid volume and structure, and thyroid function parameters were analyzed in 83 obese children (51% male, mean age 10.3 ± 2.2) at baseline and at the end of a 1-year lifestyle intervention. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Overweight children had a significant greater thyroid volume (4.2 ± 1.8 vs. 4.1 ± 0.5 mL) and higher TSH (3.1 ± 1.5 vs. 2.4 ± 1.1 mU/L) and fT3 (4.4 ± 0.7 vs. 4.1 ± 0.5 pg/mL) concentrations compared to normal-weight children. In multiple linear regression analyses adjusted to multiple confounders, thyroid volume was significantly related to BMI-SDS (<i>b</i> coefficient 0.44 ± 0.10, <i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.41) but not to any thyroid function parameter or HOMA-IR. Changes in BMI-SDS were significantly associated with changes in thyroid volume (<i>r</i> = 0.22). The changes in thyroid volume were not correlated to changes of any thyroid function parameter or HOMA-IR. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Thyroid volume is positively correlated to weight status in childhood obesity and the change is reversible after weight loss independently of thyroid function parameters and insulin resistance. Further studies are needed to understand why thyroid volume is increased reversibly in overweight children.

scholarly journals Determinants and prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in pre-school children of Duwakot, Bhaktapur

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Sushil Kharel ◽  
Binod Raut
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Childhood Overweight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Adverse dietary patterns and sedentary lifestyle predispose to overweight-related non-communicable diseases both in children and in adults. In Nepal, childhood overweight is one rapidly growing public health concern in the urban areas. Many studies have focused on the relationship between overweight and its associated risk factors. We aimed to find the prevalence of overweight including obesity and its determinants in pre-school children aged 2 to 4 years in Duwakot community, Bhaktapur.. Materials and methods: In a community-based cross-sectional survey, total 122 pre-school children both males and females of age between 2-4 years were studied. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on socioeconomic characteristics and life style factors of children. WHO Anthro Software Version 3.2.2 was used for analyzing anthropometric parameters of the children. Results: The prevalence of overweight in pre-school children was 13.9%. The prevalence of overweight including obesity was significantly higher among male children (17.7%) than female children (10%). The study revealed that overweight was significantly associated with sedentary lifestyles of children and higher socio-economic status of the family. Conclusions: The magnitude of overweight is big and increasing rapidly in Nepal due to sedentary lifestyles and improper dietary habits among pre-school children, especially in the cities. Proper interventions should be implemented to minimize the overweight among pre-school children in order to avoid further health ailments in future.

Inverse Association Between Health Literacy and Obesity Among Children in Greece: A School-Based, Cross-Sectional Epidemiological Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 109019812098294
Author(s):  
Aikaterini Kanellopoulou ◽  
Venetia Notara ◽  
George Antonogeorgos ◽  
Maria Chrissini ◽  
Andrea Paola Rojas-Gil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Body Weight Status ◽  
High Level

Children’s health literacy is a crucial pillar of health. This study is aimed to examine the association between health literacy and weight status among Greek schoolchildren aged 10 to 12 years old. A population-based, cross-sectional observational study enrolling 1,728 students (795 boys), aged 10 to 12 years old, was conducted during school years 2014–2016. A health literacy index (range 0-100) was created through an item response theory hybrid model, by combining a variety of beliefs and perceptions of children about health. The mean health literacy score was 70.4 (±18.7). The majority of children (63.8%) had a “high” level (i.e., >67/100) of health literacy, 30.5% had a “medium” level (i.e., 34–66/100) of health literacy, while a small proportion of children (5.7%) had a “low” level (i.e., <33/100). Girls exhibited a higher level of health literacy than boys (71.7 ± 18.3 vs. 68.8 ± 19.1, p < .01). Regarding body weight status, 21.7% of children was overweight and 5.0% was obese. Linear regression models showed that the health literacy score was inversely associated with children’s body mass index (regression coefficient [95% CI]: −0.010 [−0.018, −0.001]), after adjusting for dietary habits, physical activity levels, and other potential confounders. Health literacy seems to be a dominant characteristic of children’s weight status; therefore, school planning, as well as public health policy actions should emphasize on the ability of children’s capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information.

scholarly journals Awareness and knowledge about weight status and management: results from the 1 d sensitization campaign ‘Obesity Day’ in northern Italy

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1813-1822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Barichella ◽  
Alexis E Malavazos ◽  
Giuseppe Fatati ◽  
Emanuele Cereda
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the awareness and knowledge about weight status and its management.DesignA 1 d cross-sectional survey. Basic anthropometric assessments (weight, height, BMI and waist circumference) and a self-administered questionnaire were considered.SettingNineteen Clinical Nutrition or Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders Units or Dietetics Services in the Italian region of Lombardy.SubjectsAll adults attending the ‘Obesity Day’ initiative.ResultsA total of 914 participants (605 female and 309 male) were recruited. Although most of the participants (83·5 %) considered obesity to be a disease, 38·5 % were likely to misperceive their weight status. In particular, 38·8 % of normal-weight adults believed themselves to be overweight, whereas 71·1 % and 37·5 % of classes I and II/III obese adults classified themselves as being overweight and mildly obese, respectively. However, most of the overweight (90·2 %), mildly (96·8 %) and moderately/severely obese adults (99·1 %) recognized the need to lose weight. In all, 37·8 % of the sample underestimated the role of physical activity in weight management. Interestingly, only 17·2 % of dieters (previous or current) declared being advised by their doctor to lose weight. Multivariate models revealed that higher age, low education and higher BMI were important determinants of poor weight control and management. In addition, previous dieting appeared not to provide better knowledge, whereas the role of physical activity was recognized mainly by those practising it.ConclusionsThe present study suggests that in Italy knowledge about weight management should be improved not only in the general population but also among health-care professionals. To confirm this finding, there is now the rationale for a nationally representative survey. New educational programmes can be designed on the basis of the information collected.

Accelerometer Response to Physical Activity Intensity in Normal-Weight Versus Overweight African American Children

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 682-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Arvidsson ◽  
Mark Fitch ◽  
Mark L. Hudes ◽  
Catrine Tudor-Locke ◽  
Sharon E. Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
African American ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
African American Children ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Physical Activity Intensity ◽  
Activity Intensity ◽  
American Children

Background:Different movement efficiency in overweight children may affect accelerometer output data. The purpose was to investigate the ability of accelerometers to assess physical activity intensity and number of steps in normal-weight compared with overweight children.Methods:Eleven normal-weight and 14 overweight African American children walked at 2, 4, 5, and 6 km/h on a treadmill wearing Lifecorder, ActiGraph, RT3, and Biotrainer. Oxygen uptake was measured and steps manually counted. Fat free mass (FFM) was assessed from bioelectrical impedance analysis. Accelerometer counts and the individual linear regression lines of accelerometer counts versus VO2/FFM were evaluated, together with steps recorded by Lifecorder and Actigraph.Results:Correlations between accelerometer counts and VO2/FFM for all monitors were r ≥ .95 (P < .01). The accelerometer counts and their relationship to VO2/FFM did not generally differ significantly by body weight status. Lifecorder and Actigraph underestimated steps at 4, 5, and 6 km/h by less than 9%, but the error was up to −95% at 2 km/h.Conclusions:All 4 accelerometers show high ability to assess physical activity intensity, and can be used to compare physical activity between normal-weight and overweight children. The Lifecorder and the ActiGraph showed high accuracy in assessing steps, providing speed of movement exceeded 2 km/h.

scholarly journals Beyond-brand effect of television food advertisements on food choice in children: the effects of weight status

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 897-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason CG Halford ◽  
Emma J Boyland ◽  
Georgina M Hughes ◽  
Leanne Stacey ◽  
Sarah McKean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Food Advertisements ◽  
Body Mass Index Score ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Brand Effect ◽  
Gender Specific

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effect of television food advertising on children’s food intake, specifically whether childhood obesity is related to a greater susceptibility to food promotion.DesignThe study was a within-subject, counterbalanced design. The children were tested on two occasions separated by two weeks. One condition involved the children viewing food advertisements followed by a cartoon, in the other condition the children viewed non-food adverts followed by the same cartoon. Following the cartoon, their food intake and choice was assessed in a standard paradigm.SettingThe study was conducted in Liverpool, UK.SubjectsFifty-nine children (32 male, 27 female) aged 9–11 years were recruited from a UK school to participate in the study. Thirty-three children were normal-weight (NW), 15 overweight (OW) and 11 obese (OB).ResultsExposure to food adverts produced substantial and significant increases in energy intake in all children (P < 0·001). The increase in intake was largest in the obese children (P = 0·04). All children increased their consumption of high-fat and/or sweet energy-dense snacks in response to the adverts (P < 0·001). In the food advert condition, total intake and the intake of these specific snack items correlated with the children’s modified age- and gender-specific body mass index score.ConclusionsThese data suggest that obese and overweight children are indeed more responsive to food promotion, which specifically stimulates the intake of energy-dense snacks.

Dietary habits and nutritional status in students of the university corporation Rafael Núñez, Cartagena-Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabián Espitia-Almeida ◽  
Martha Mora-García ◽  
Alexandra Coquel-Bru ◽  
Christian Orozco-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Hip Circumference ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The University

Purpose This paper aims to determine the eating habits and physical activity in students of the Rafael Núñez University. Design/methodology/approach Descriptive cross-sectional study, based on the application of a survey on eating habits and physical activity. Furthermore, height, weight, hip circumference and abdominal circumference were also recorded. Findings Total, 170 students were included, 29 (17.1%) males and 141 (82.9%) females, with a mean age of 20.0 ± 5.2 years. Among the students, 22 (12.9%) were underweight, 95 (55.9%) were normal weight, 40 (23.5%) were overweight and 13 (7.7%) with obesity. Regarding eating habits, the majority preferred to consume three daily meals: breakfast 140 (82.3%), lunch 170 (100%) and dinner 96 (56.5%). Regarding fruits intake, 18 (15.9%) males reported consuming them seven days a week, and 54 (31.2 %) females reported consuming them occasionally. In physical activity, most of the population (n = 103, 60.6%) exercises with a frequency of one to three days/week. Originality/value The authors’ work is original and has not been sent to another magazine.

Cognitive, emotional, and behavioral contributors to early childhood weight status

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy C Gross ◽  
Alexander M Kaizer ◽  
David M Vock ◽  
Sana Siddiqui ◽  
Claudia K Fox
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Demographic Variable ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Weight

Pediatric obesity is a serious public health concern affecting almost 16% of two- to five-year-olds. Prior research has not sufficiently addressed how various factors combine to contribute to the heterogeneous condition of obesity. The goal of this study was to assess multiple individual factors to determine how they collectively contribute to weight status in young children, as this information could lead to tailored interventions. This was a cross-sectional, population-based study of three- to five-year-olds. Child height and weight were measured. Parents completed a demographic survey and validated questionnaires regarding these child characteristics: internalizing and externalizing behaviors, sleep problems, executive functions, and food approach and food avoid behaviors. Data for 154 participants (mean age: 4.4 ± 0.8 years; mean body mass index- z: .28 ± 1.0; 50% male) were analyzed using linear and logistic regression and a stepwise regression procedure. In the stepwise selection procedure for the binary outcome of obese/overweight versus normal weight, food avoid ( p = .151), food approach ( p = .017), and the White demographic variable ( p = .117) were identified as important predictors. In conclusion, when considering various cognitive, emotional, and behavioral factors, only food approach and food avoid eating behaviors predicted weight status in young children, suggesting prevention and intervention efforts should specifically address these aspects in young children.

scholarly journals Weight cycling is associated with adverse cardiometabolic markers in a cross-sectional representative US sample

2020 ◽  
pp. jech-2019-213419
Author(s):  
Lisa Kakinami ◽  
Bärbel Knäuper ◽  
Jennifer Brunet
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Weight Cycling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Weight History ◽  
Cardiometabolic Markers

BackgroundWhether weight cycling (repeated weight loss and regain) is associated with cardiometabolic health is unclear. Study objective was to examine whether weight cycling since young adulthood (ie, 25 years of age) was associated with cardiometabolic markers.MethodsData from a nationally representative cross-sectional US sample (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2014) were used. Weight history was based on self-reported weight at age 25, 10 years prior and 1 year prior to the survey (n=4190, 51% male). Using current self-reported weight as the anchor, participants were classified as (1) stable weight, (2) weight losers, (3) weight gainers and (4) weight cyclers. Cardiometabolic markers included fasting lipids, insulin sensitivity and blood pressure. Multiple linear regressions were used to analyse weight history (reference: stable weight) and adjusted for covariates. Analyses incorporated the sampling design and survey weights and were stratified by sex or weight status.ResultsCompared with females with stable weight, female weight cyclers had worse lipids and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (all ps<0.05). Compared with males with stable weight, male weight cyclers had worse high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and HOMA-IR (ps<0.05). Weight cyclers with normal weight had worse HDL and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (ps<0.05), and weight cyclers with overweight or obesity had worse HOMA-IR (p=0.05). Blood pressure was not associated.ConclusionWeight cycling is adversely associated with cardiometabolic markers but associations differ by sex and weight status. While weight cycling is consistently associated with worse cardiometabolic markers among females, results are mixed among males. Weight cycling is associated with worse lipid measures for normal weight persons, and marginally worse insulin sensitivity for those with overweight/obesity.

scholarly journals Factors associated with accelerometer measured movement behaviours among White British and South Asian children aged 6–8 years during school terms and school holidays

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e025071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liana Carmen Nagy ◽  
Muhammad Faisal ◽  
Maria Horne ◽  
Paul Collings ◽  
Sally Barber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

ObjectivesTo investigate factors associated with movement behaviours among White British (WB) and South Asian (SA) children aged 6–8 years during school terms and holidays.DesignCross-sectional.SettingThree primary schools from the Bradford area, UK.ParticipantsOne hundred and sixty WB and SA children aged 6–8 years.Primary and secondary outcomesSedentary behaviour (SB), light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) measured by accelerometry during summer, winter and spring and during school terms and school holidays. Data were analysed using multivariate mixed-effects multilevel modelling with robust SEs. Factors of interest were ethnicity, holiday/term, sex, socioeconomic status (SES), weight status, weekend/weekday and season.ResultsOne hundred and eight children (67.5%) provided 1157 valid days of data. Fifty-nine per cent of children were WB (n=64) and 41% (n=44) were SA. Boys spent more time in MVPA (11 min/day, p=0.013) compared with girls and SA children spent more time in SB (39 min, p=0.017) compared with WB children in adjusted models. Children living in higher SES areas were more sedentary (43 min, p=0.006) than children living in low SES areas. Children were more active during summer (15 min MVPA, p<0.001; 27 LPA, p<0.001) and spring (15 min MVPA, p=0.005; 38 min LPA, p<0.001) and less sedentary (−42 min and −53 min, p<0.001) compared with winter. Less time (8 min, p=0.012) was spent in LPA during school terms compared with school holidays. Children spent more time in MVPA (5 min, p=0.036) during weekend compared with weekdays. Overweight and obese children spent more time in LPA (21 min, p=0.021) than normal-weight children.ConclusionThe results of our study suggest that significant child level factors associated with movement behaviours are ethnicity, sex, weight-status and area SES. Significant temporal factors are weekends, school holidays and seasonality. Interventions to support health enhancing movement behaviours may need to be tailored around these factors.

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