scholarly journals The process of setting micronutrient recommendations: a cross-European comparison of nutrition-related scientific advisory bodies

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 716-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lada Timotijevic ◽  
Julie Barnett ◽  
Kerry Brown ◽  
Richard Shepherd ◽  
Laura Fernández-Celemín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Problem Area ◽  
Advisory Committees ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
Scientific Advisory ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Desk Research ◽  
Advisory Bodies

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the workings of the nutrition-related scientific advisory bodies in Europe, paying particular attention to the internal and external contexts within which they operate.DesignDesk research based on two data collection strategies: a questionnaire completed by key informants in the field of micronutrient recommendations and a case study that focused on mandatory folic acid (FA) fortification.SettingQuestionnaire-based data were collected across thirty-five European countries. The FA fortification case study was conducted in the UK, Norway, Denmark, Germany, Spain, Czech Republic and Hungary.ResultsVaried bodies are responsible for setting micronutrient recommendations, each with different statutory and legal models of operation. Transparency is highest where there are standing scientific advisory committees (SAC). Where the standing SAC is created, the range of expertise and the terms of reference for the SAC are determined by the government. Where there is no dedicated SAC, the impetus for the development of micronutrient recommendations and the associated policies comes from interested specialists in the area. This is typically linked with anad hocselection of a problem area to consider, lack of openness and transparency in the decisions and over-reliance on international recommendations.ConclusionsEven when there is consensus about the science behind micronutrient recommendations, there is a range of other influences that will affect decisions about the policy approaches to nutrition-related public health. This indicates the need to document the evidence that is drawn upon in the decisions about nutrition policy related to micronutrient intake.

The promise of partnership

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-257
Author(s):  
Denis Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Trade Union ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Call Centre ◽  
Third Way ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Partnership Approach ◽  
Development Of Partnership

‘Partnership’ is a word that crops up with increasing frequency in government, trade union and management circles in the UK. For many it neatly embodies both the practice and sentiment of the so-called ‘third way’. In the workplace, a partnership approach to industrial relations has been offered as a neo-pluralist alternative to the unitarism of Human Resources Management. The Trades Union Congress (TUC) is an active proponent of partnership and the government has created a fund to support the development of partnership at the workplace. This article sketches some theoretical underpinning for the practice of partnership. To shed some light on the prospects for partnership it draws on recent UK experience and includes a case study of the development of a partnership between UNISON, the UK’s largest trade union, and Vertex Data Sciences, one of the fastest growing call centre operators in the UK.

scholarly journals Lockdown: a case study in how to lose trust and undermine compliance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Faulkner
Keyword(s):  
Collective Good ◽  
Trust In Government ◽  
Coordination Problem ◽  
Coordination Problems ◽  
Social Coordination ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk

To protect against COVID-19, the UK Government imposed a national lockdown that shut schools and business, and required people to stay at home. This lockdown instituted a social coordination problem: it demanded the individual bear a cost – a significant restriction to their movement – in order to achieve a collective good. Initially there were remarkably high levels of social compliance with the lockdown restrictions, but the Government defense of Mr. Cummings corresponded with a notable drop in both levels of compliance and levels of trust in government. By considering the logic of social coordination problems, this paper offers an explanation as to why these drops in compliance and trust were to be expected.

Luxembourg : A case study of legislation in a mini-state

Res Publica ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-639
Author(s):  
Martin A. Wing
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Direct Elections ◽  
The Government ◽  
Council Of State

Whilst Luxembourg may be classified as a mini-state, its small size and population have not removed «politics» from public administration. Having outlined the legislative system, this article examines in detail the passage of the legislation for direct elections to the European Parliament focusing on the roles and functions of the relevant actors and institutions. This case study approach reveals a smooth parliamentary stage for legislation concealing a set of devices for resolving contentious or troublesome issues : special ad hoc committees to advise on legislative drafts ; parliamentary committees ; splitting legislation so that legislators are formally committed to a principle before they have seen the details ; the use of delaying tactics to preclude discussion of alternatives. In addition to demonstrating these, the case also examines the effectiveness of the three main institutions, the Council of State, the Chamber of Deputies and the Government, particularly the predominance ofthe latter, on major issues. In contradistinction, however, the Council of State, despite its formally weak status, is shown to exercise a positive influence.

The Reform of the Wage Bargaining System

1978 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.T. Blackaby
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Wage Bargaining ◽  
Reasonable Doubt ◽  
General Council ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Incomes Policy ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Two Stages

After the fall of the Conservative Government in February 1974, at the end of that period of incomes policy, the rise in average earnings in the UK went up to a figure of 30 per cent in the year to mid-1975. In the first stage of the incomes policy which followed, that figure was brought down to 14 per cent and in the second stage to 8 per cent. There can be no reasonable doubt that this deceleration was the consequence of the incomes policies adopted. None of the equations which have been put forward to represent the ‘normal’ movement of wage rates or earnings would have produced a deceleration of this kind. The third stage of incomes policy, now coming to an end, differed significantly from the first two. In the first two stages, the numerical limit set for earnings increases had the explicit backing of the General Council of the TUC. The third stage did not have this backing (although the General Council did support the twelve-month rule); it was left to the Government to try to hold the figure of a 10 per cent rise in average earnings, with a variety of ad hoc sanctions on employers who exceeded the figure, and with a number of exceptions for productivity agreements of varying degrees of genuineness. The resulting rise in average money earnings is likely to be of the order of 15 per cent.

Right to Service Acts in India— Fundamental Governance Reforms or an Exercise in Political Rhetoric?: A Case Study of Delhi Administration

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Garg
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Indian States ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Veil ◽  
Right To Information ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Right ◽  
Governance Reforms

Right-based approach to governance became popular in India in the first decade of present century with the passage of legislations conferring Right to Information, Right to Work in rural areas, and Right to Primary Education upon its citizens. This article examines the next step in that direction—passage of Right to Service (RTS) Acts by a number of Indian States thereby providing its citizens the right to time-bound delivery of notified public services. These Acts not only empower citizens to make claims against the government if the rights are violated but also serve as a tool for the politicians and the senior bureaucrats to control lower bureaucracy. This article traces the genealogy of RTS Acts in Citizen’s Charter movement of the1990s in the UK and evaluates their progress and results with the help of various theories and concepts used for improving the public service delivery. How inept implementation has thwarted the promise of accountability inherent in these Acts will be seen in detail while piercing the veil of statistical data.

scholarly journals Framing sustainable development challenges: accounting for SDG-15 in the UK

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1671-1703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madlen Sobkowiak ◽  
Thomas Cuckston ◽  
Ian Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
2030 Agenda ◽  
Small Project ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
National Governments

PurposeThis research seeks to explain how a national government becomes capable of constructing an account of its biodiversity performance that is aimed at enabling formulation of policy in pursuit of SDG 15: Life on Land.Design/methodology/approachThe research examines a case study of the construction of the UK government's annual biodiversity report. The case is analysed to explain the process of framing a space in which the SDG-15 challenge of halting biodiversity loss is rendered calculable, such that the government can see and understand its own performance in relation to this challenge.FindingsThe construction of UK government's annual biodiversity report relies upon data collected through non-governmental conservation efforts, statistical expertise of a small project group within the government and a governmental structure that drives ongoing evolution of the indicators as actors strive to make these useful for policy formulation.Originality/valueThe analysis problematises the SDG approach to accounting for sustainable development, whereby performance indicators have been centrally agreed and universally imposed upon all signatory governments. The analysis suggests that capacity-building efforts for national governments may need to be broader than that envisaged by the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

scholarly journals The Legitimacy of Discriminatory Disenfranchisement? The Impact of the Rules on the Right to Vote in the Bremain/Brexit Referendum

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. I-XI
Author(s):  
Allan F. Tatham
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Popular Vote ◽  
Voting Rules ◽  
High Court ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Eventual Outcome

Abstract The Divisional Court of the Queen’s Bench Division of the England and Wales High Court handed down its decision on 20 April 2016 in the judicial review case of Shindler. This ruling confirmed that British citizens living in other EU Member States for more than 15 years remain barred from voting in the June 2016 referendum. The case sparks further consideration of the voting rules in general and may therefore be of interest to others in considering questions of legitimacy in respect of the eventual outcome of the popular vote on 23 June. Unlike other states, the UK has no established rules on referendums and each such popular vote (and the franchise for it) is therefore treated on an ad hoc basis. Fears have been expressed that the government could manipulate the outcome of a referendum, particularly in determining a different franchise for each popular vote.

scholarly journals Politicians in white coats? Scientific advisory committees and policy in Britain

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Traditional Model ◽  
Scientific Advice ◽  
Advisory Committees ◽  
Political Roles ◽  
Policy Deliberation ◽  
Scientific Advisory ◽  
The Uk

Do scientists advising government in scientific advisory committees (SACs) in the UK fit the traditional model of offering substantive scientific advice to improve the quality of policy making, are they forums for policy making and negotiation where ‘the science’ is tempered by broader political concerns, or are they simply bodies that legitimise policies already decided upon? The traditional ‘on tap’ model and its alternatives imply differences in how the agendas of SACs are put together, how committees deliberate and how they influence policy, and these implied differences are explored on the basis of a 2015 survey covering the experiences and attitudes of 338 members from 46 scientific committees. The traditional model holds up rather well against models that see SACs filling broader political roles such as policy deliberation and legitimation. The findings suggest that the organization and procedures of SACs indeed allow scientists to offer advice largely without having to engage with or anticipate wider policy considerations and constraints, and that government ‘steering’ or otherwise leading SAC deliberations toward politically desired conclusions is rare.

scholarly journals OD OR NOT AN OD - A CASE STUDY ANALYSIS OF ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES IN GOVERNMENT SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS IN PAKISTAN

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farooq-E-Azam Cheema ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Development ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Team Building ◽  
Management Style ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
The Government

Purpose-Purpose of this case study and its analysis is to highlight the structural and functional changes in the government sector organizations in Pakistan undertaken under the name of organization development. Whereas, in fact, there is a great mismatch between the theory and practice of organizational development as far as the government sector organizations in developing countries like Pakistan go. Methodology-The study is based on comprehensive literature reviewed critically and the diverse factors affecting these two activities as tools of employee development identified including their prerequisites and possible barriers in the way of their introduction and application. Findings-In theory and practice both, Organizational development is aimed at improving an organization's performance and individual development of its employees. It focuses on the health of an entire organization rather than a particular group or certain individuals. This process requires the organization be viewed as a consistent system composed of many subsystems, the human resources being the most important one. Involvement of the people in the process of organizational development is hallmark of this process. Practical Implications-Findings of the case study have professional implications for the OD practitioners. They, perhaps, may not follow the OD good practices in certain OD interventions that are context specific like team-building, participatory management style, MBO, job enrichment, reward administration etc. similarly, nor can they suggest long term OD interventions keeping in view the ad hoc nature culture and system of such departments.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Community Centre’s on Roma Integration: A Study of Eastwood

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Fuseini
Keyword(s):  
Vital Role ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Budget Cuts ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Community Centre

During the last 10 years, Roma have become the second largest and the most deprived ethnic minority in Rotherham and thus, the local authority has put Roma integration as a priority in terms of community planning and development. Due to the complexities around Roma integration and the government budget cuts to public spending, the local authorities rely on community centres to fill gaps in improving the Roma integration and their quality of life in the UK. This article aims to assess the impact of a community centre on Roma integration, specifically, focusing on the Eastwood area of Rotherham. The research methods included semi-structured interviews of professionals that regularly engage with Roma community and the Roma residents of Eastwood. The case study findings show that the Eastwood community centre plays a vital role in the Roma integration. Some of the main contributing factors include their expertise and the ability to effectively engage with the Roma community. However, this paper only touches upon the issue of Roma integration in the UK, which means that more comprehensive and a larger scale of research is needed to improve the processes of Roma integration and the integration of other communities in similar settings

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