Socio-economic variables influence the prevalence of inadequate nutrient intake in Brazilian adolescents: results from a population-based survey

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of inadequate nutrient intake among adolescents and the association between socio-economic variables and nutritional status.DesignCross-sectional study with a population-based sample.SettingsThe usual nutrient intake distribution was estimated using the Iowa State University method. The Estimated Average Requirement cut-off point method was used to determine the proportion of adolescents with inadequate intake for each nutrient, according to sex, income, parental educational level and nutritional status.SubjectsTwenty-four-hour dietary recalls were applied in 525 male and female Brazilian adolescents aged 14–18 years.ResultsThe highest prevalence of inadequate nutrient intake was observed for vitamin E (99 % in both sexes). For male and female adolescents, the prevalence of inadequate intake was: Mg, 89 % and 84 %; vitamin A, 78 % and 71 %; vitamin C, 79 % and 53 %; and vitamin B6, 21 % and 33 %, respectively. The prevalence of inadequate intake for niacin, thiamin, riboflavin, Se, Cu and vitamin B12 was <15 %. Individuals in the lower income and lower parental educational level strata had the highest risk of having inadequate intake for P, riboflavin and vitamins A, B6 and B12. Compared with non-overweight individuals, overweight individuals had a higher risk of inadequate intake for Mg, vitamin A, P, thiamin and riboflavin.ConclusionsThe present study found a high prevalence of inadequate intake of nutrients that are recognised as being protective against chronic diseases. Adolescents in the lower income and lower parental educational level strata were less likely to have their nutrient intake requirements met.

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Pattern of Dietary Intake and Consumption of Street Foods among Nigerian Students

Nutrition and Health ◽

10.1177/026010609801200405 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 247-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Clara R.B. Oguntona ◽

M.A. Razaq ◽

Tolulope T. Akintola

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Total Protein ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Male And Female ◽

Total Protein Intake ◽

Food And Nutrient Intake ◽

Diet Recall ◽

Nigerian Students ◽

Female Subjects

An assessment of the food and nutrient intake of 81 male and 35 female University students was conducted using structured questionnaires and 24-hr. diet recall procedures. The contribution of Street Foods (SF) to their nutrients intakes was also assessed. The major dietary sources of nutrients for both groups were Cereals, Roots and Tubers and Legumes. Energy intake by males (9.81 MJ or 83.9% RDA) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than intake (8.59 MJ or 81.8% RDA) by female subjects. Street Foods contributed 50.3% and 48.3% of energy to male and female subjects respectively. Total Protein intake approximated RDA for both groups although on average only 25% of this was from animal sources. Intakes of minerals and vitamins were generally below RDA except for Calcium and vitamin A. Female subjects had significantly higher intakes of Iron, Thiamin and vitamin A than males. Overall Street food's contribution to RDA ranged from 23.0% (Iron in males) to 80.0% (vitamin A, also in males).

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Interaction between vitamin A supplementation and chronic malnutrition on child development

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva ◽

10.1590/1413-81232018248.22242017 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (8) ◽

pp. 3037-3046

Author(s):

Luciano Lima Correia ◽

Hermano Alexandre Lima Rocha ◽

Jocileide Sales Campos ◽

Anamaria Cavalcante e Silva ◽

Dirlene Mafalda Ildefonso da Silveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Child Development ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Motor Development ◽

Population Based ◽

School Age Children ◽

Vitamin A Supplementation ◽

Cognitive Delay ◽

Nutritional Status Of Children

Abstract 200 million pre-school age children are not developing properly. Delays in child development are associated with multiple factors. This study aims to analyze if vitamin A supplementation is associated with improved development and how this effect could be mediated by nutritional status. Population-based study surveyed a representative sample of 8000 households, 1232 children 0-35 months, in the state of Ceará, Brazil. The variables analysed included child developmental status, nutritional determinants and confounding factors. The main effects and interactions were evaluated using Cox regressive models. Vitamin A supplementation showed protective effect to delay in cognitive and motor development modified by interaction with nutritional status. While well-nourished supplemented children presented a 67% lower risk of cognitive delay (adjusted PRR = 0·33 [0·21–0·53]), stunted children had no benefit from supplementation (adjusted PRR = 0·97 [0·39–2·40]). Vitamin A supplementation has a protective effect on child development, but not in stunted children. This suggests that supplementation is effective in promoting child development, especially if associated to a joint effort to improve the nutritional status of children, given the importance of this mediator.

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Assessment of Macro Nutrients and Micro Nutrients Intake of Collage Age Population: A Population Based Study

Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities ◽

10.34293/sijash.v7i3.956 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 97-103

Author(s):

V Bhavani ◽

N Prabhavathy Devi

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Nutrient Deficiency ◽

Population Based ◽

Fat Intake ◽

Food Groups ◽

Male And Female ◽

Food Composition Tables ◽

Dietary Record ◽

Nutrients Intake

Background: In present India, due to increased urbanization and various other factors, there is a drastic change in the dietary patterns of college students and young adults. Maintaining the right eating habits of college student means a lot for the prevention of many diseases that could occur in adult period. Aim: To evaluate the Macro and micro nutrients intake of the college population of Chennai Methods and Tools: Using Random sampling techniques, 1000 (500 male and 500 female) college students were selected and data regarding food frequency intake was evaluated. Nutrient intake is assessed by means of three-day dietary record. The food consumed for three consecutive days were recorded by the subjects. Food intake data were converted into raw amounts in terms of food groups and in turn were translated into energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, and fiber using food composition tables. The nutrient intakes of the subjects were computed against Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for ensuring the appropriateness of intake derived based on RDA. The data were tabulated and subjected to appropriate statistical analysis. Results: Consumption of Macro nutrient intake and micro nutrients were found to be more among male than female. Only vitamin C intake found to be more among female than male. It is clear that both male and female did not meet the requirements of RDA. Fat intake was more than the RDA for both male and female participants. Conclusion: Our study concludes that Macro and micro nutrient deficiency is prevalent among our study population, irrespective of the gender, whereas fat intake is more than the RDA which is leading cause for obesity and other non-communicable diseases. Thus it is essential to educate the students to consume nutrient densed food and reduce the intake of energy densed food.

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A Comparative Study on the Nutritional Profile of Male and Female Sportspersons

Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal ◽

10.12944/crnfsj.5.2.13 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 159-167

Author(s):

Harveen Kaur ◽

Neerja Singla

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Vegetarian Diet ◽

Age Group ◽

Food Groups ◽

Potential Health ◽

Male And Female ◽

Nutritional Profile ◽

The Impact ◽

General Profile

To study the impact of dietary pattern on nutritional status of sportspersons, a sample of 120 sportspersons including 60 vegetarian and 60 non-vegetarian in the age group of 16-25 years were selected from Punjab Agricultural University and Guru Nanak Stadium, Ludhiana. The data regarding general profile, anthropometric measurements, hemoglobin levels, dietary and nutrient intake of the sportspersons was collected. It was revealed that percent adequacy of all the food groups including cereals, pulses, vegetables and sugar was inadequate. However, intake of fruits and milk and milk products was found to be higher. Among nutrient intake, the percent adequacy of energy, protein, fat and iron was found to be inadequate among vegetarian and non-vegetarian category of both the genders, however, that of calcium, folic acid was found to be more than adequate. Among vegetarian males 6.7 percent and 3.4 percent among non-vegetarian males were found to have a Body Mass Index (BMI) less than 18.5, whereas 40 and 30 percent vegetarian and non-vegetarian females were underweight respectively. The potential health benefits of a vegetarian diet have been reported among non athletes. However, it was considered relevant to consider the benefits of a vegetarian diet among athletes and whether their nutritional status can be improved or compromised in any ways. Therefore, in the present study a comparison was made with regard to various parameters of nutritional status of the vegetarian and non- vegetarian male and female sportspersons.

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Dietary pattern, nutrient intake and growth of adolescent school girls in urban Bangladesh

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1079/phn19980014 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 83-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Faruk Ahmed ◽

Momtaz Zareen ◽

Moududur Rahman Khan ◽

Cadi Pervin Banu ◽

Mohammed Nazmul Haq ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Schools ◽

Food Intake ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Family Income ◽

Leafy Vegetables ◽

Dhaka City ◽

Usual Pattern

AbstractObjective:To investigate the dietary pattern and nutritional status of adolescent girls attending schools in Dhaka city and to examine the association with various social factors.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:Girls high schools in Dhaka city.Subjects:A total of 384 girls, aged from 10 to 16 years, who were students of classes VI to IX of 12 girls high schools in Dhaka city were selected by systematic random sampling. Nutrient intake was assessed using the 24-h recall method and the usual pattern of food intake was examined using a 7-day food frequency questionnaire.Results:The prevalence of undernutrition among the participants assessed as stunting was 10% overall with younger girls being less stunted (2%) than older girls (16%), whereas 16% were thin with relatively more of the younger girls (21%) being thin than of the older girls (12%). Based on the usual pattern of food intake, a substantial proportion of the girls did not consume eggs (26%), milk (35%) or dark green leafy vegetables (20%). By comparison, larger proportions consumed meat (50%) and fish (65%) at least four times a week. For the intake of energy and protein, only 9 and 17% of the girls, respectively, met the recommended daily allowance (RDA). For nearly 77% of the girls, the intake of fat was less than the recommendation. Intakes less than the RDA were found for iron (77% of the girls), calcium (79%), vitamin A (62%), vitamin C (67%), and riboflavin (96%). Based on the food consumption data, cereals were the major source of energy (57%), thiamin (67%), niacin (63%) and iron (37%). Animal sources supplied 50% of dietary protein. Cooking fats were the principal source of fat (67%) in the diet. Milk was the major contributor for riboflavin and preformed vitamin A (retinol). Leafy vegetables and fruits were the main sources of provitamin A (carotenes). The girls from families with less educated parents were more likely to be thin and short for their age. Those girls from families with lower incomes and less educated parents had a dietary pattern which tended to be poor with regard to egg, milk, meat and fruit, with lower intakes of protein, fat and riboflavin.Conclusion:The findings indicate that the diets of these girls tended to be inadequate both for macronutrients and micronutrients, with significant health implications. There was also a relationship between the family income and the education of the parents with the nutritional status of the girls.

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Dietary Adequacy of the Rotary Diversified Diet: As a Treatment for “Environmental Illness”

Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research ◽

10.3148/63.4.2002.198 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 198-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jennifer P. Taylor ◽

Magdalena M. Krondl ◽

Mark Spidel ◽

Adele C. Csima

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Intake ◽

Vitamin B ◽

Adequate Intake ◽

Nutrient Intakes ◽

Environmental Illness ◽

Dietary Adequacy ◽

Supplement Use ◽

Regular Cycle ◽

Nutritional Benefits ◽

The Relationship

The rotary diversified diet, used in the management of environmental illness, consists of eliminating prohibited foods from the diet and rotating remaining non-prohibited foods and their “food families” within a regular cycle. We assessed the adequacy of nutrient intakes in 22 women prescribed the diet, described the nature of supplement use, and assessed the relationship between adherence and nutrient intake levels. Except for calcium and folacin intakes, mean nutrient intakes met or exceeded recommended levels. No subjects had calcium intakes above the adequate intake for calcium; 72.7% had folate intakes below the estimated average requirement. Intakes of other nutrients, except thiamin and magnesium, were below the estimated average requirement in less than 25% of the sample; 31.8% and 45.5% of subjects, respectively, had thiamin and magnesium intakes at this level. Those who adhered more closely to the rotary diversified diet had higher intakes of vitamin C, vitamin B6, folate, and fibre than did those who followed the diet less closely. Supplements conferred some nutritional benefits; however, supplemental niacin and magnesium intakes exceeded tolerable upper intake levels. Those prescribed the rotary diversified diet require nutrition counselling from dietitians to cope with the complexity and restrictiveness of the diet.

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Trajectories of sickness absence and disability pension in colorectal cancer: a Swedish cohort study

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.697 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

L Chen ◽

K Alexanderson

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Sickness Absence ◽

Educational Level ◽

Disability Pension ◽

Population Based ◽

Work Situation ◽

Working Age ◽

Future Work ◽

Very High

Abstract Background Working-aged colorectal cancer (CRC) patients have a much better survival nowadays, indicating the importance of their future work situation. We aimed to investigate trajectories of sickness absence and disability pension (SADP) days before and after CRC diagnosis and in references, and risk factors associated with different trajectories. Methods A longitudinal, population-based matched cohort study of 4735 CRC survivors in Sweden aged 19-62 when first diagnosed with CRC in 2008-2011, and 18,230 matched references was conducted, using microdata linked from several nationwide registers. The annual SADP net days for 2 years before through 5 years after diagnosis date were computed. A group-based trajectory model was used to depict SADP trajectories. Associations between trajectory membership, and sociodemographic and clinical variables were tested by chi2 test and multinomial logistic regression. Results Four trajectories of SADP days/year for CRC survivors were identified: “only increase around diagnosis” (52% of all, n = 2481), “slight increase after diagnosis” (27%), “high then decrease moderately after diagnosis” (13%), and “constantly very high” (8%). Educational level (R2=0.022), Charlson's Comorbidity Index (R2=0.029), and prediagnostic mental disorders (R2=0.066) were the strongest factors determining the SADP trajectory groups. In references, three trajectories (”constantly low” (80% of all), “constantly moderate and decrease gradually” (12%), and “very high then decrease overtime” (8%)) were identified. Conclusions Approximately 80% of CRC survivors return to a low level of SADP (0-60 days/year) at 5 years postdiagnosis. Prediagnostic status of mental disorders, somatic comorbidity, and low educational level are good indicators of future high SADP levels for CRC survivors. Key messages Most of working-age colorectal cancer survivors have low levels of sickness absence and disability pension days five years after their diagnosis. Trajectory analyses based on population-based register data can be used as a good approach in understanding future work situation regarding sick leave among working-age cancer survivors.

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Sociodemographic Predictors of Physical Functioning in the Elderly: A National Health Survey

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16010037 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 37

Author(s):

Milena Kostadinovic ◽

Dejan Nikolic ◽

Ivana Petronic ◽

Dragana Cirovic ◽

Mirko Grajic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Marital Status ◽

Educational Level ◽

Well Being ◽

Population Based ◽

Age Group ◽

Place Of Residence ◽

Gender Group ◽

Group 2 ◽

Level Group ◽

Group 1

We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of sociodemographic factors with the presence and different degrees of walking difficulties in elderly above 65 years, and to analyze association between evaluated variables and the presence and degree of waking difficulties. In the population based study, 3540 individuals age above 65 years from Serbia were recruited. Further predictors were analyzed: gender, age, level of education, marital status, body mass index (BMI), index of well-being and place of residence. We assessed difficulty in walking half a km on level ground without the use of any aid (Group-1); and difficulty in walking up or down 12 steps (Group-2). Walking difficulties were categorized as no difficulty, some difficulty, a lot of difficulty and cannot do at all. For present difficulty significant predictors were: age (Group-1 (OR-3.022)/Group-2 (OR-3.825)), gender (Group-1 (OR-0.337)/Group-2 (OR-0.311)), educational level (Group-1 (OR-0.689)/Group-2 (OR-0.556)) and place of residence (Group-2 (OR-1.523)) while for non-performing the task, significant predictors were: age (Group-1 (OR-1.998)/Group-2 (OR-2.096)), gender (Group-1 (OR-0.629)/Group-2 (OR-0.495)), BMI (Group-1 (OR-1.219)/Group-2 (OR-1.305)), marital status (Group-1 (OR 0.764)/Group-2 (OR-0.769)), educational level (Group-1 (OR-0.679)/Group-2 (OR-0.719)) and index of well-being (Group-2 (OR-0.764)). Understanding of predictors, and their role on functional decline in elderly is of great importance for the development of specific population-based health programs to prevent further functional loss and preserve achieved functional gains.

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Effect of Self-reported Height on Occupational Rank Among Police Officers: Especially for Women it Pays to be Tall

Evolutionary Psychological Science ◽

10.1007/s40806-021-00281-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Abraham P. Buunk ◽

Gert Stulp ◽

Wilmar B. Schaufeli

Keyword(s):

Sexual Selection ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Police Officers ◽

Educational Level ◽

Leadership Positions ◽

Male And Female ◽

Similar Percentage ◽

Average Population ◽

Female Police Officers

AbstractThis study among 725 male and 247 female police officers from The Netherlands examined the association between self-reported height and occupational rank from the perspective of sexual selection. Male and female police officers were taller than the average population. A larger percentage of women than of men was found in the lowest ranks, but in the leadership positions, there was a similar percentage of women as of men. Overall, but especially among women, height was linearly associated with occupational rank: the taller one was, the higher one’s rank. These effects were independent of educational level and age. The implications for evolutionary theorizing from the perspective of sexual selection on the effect of tallness on status and dominance among women are discussed.

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