scholarly journals The profile of the Greek ‘XXL’ family

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1851-1857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios Christoforidis ◽  
Spyros Batzios ◽  
Haralampos Sidiropoulos ◽  
Maria Provatidou ◽  
Dimitris Cassimos
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Family ◽  
At Home

AbstractObjectiveTo identify Greek families in which all members were overweight or obese (XXL families) and to describe their profile with regard to their socio-economic status and their eating behaviours and practices.DesignA prospective cohort study.SettingThe metropolitan area of Kavala.SubjectsWe recruited children aged 11 and 12 years from twelve primary schools, and their parents, from volunteers. Auxologic measurements of the children included height and weight. A structured questionnaire pertaining to information on the socio-economic status of the family, anthropometric values and educational status of parents, dietary habits and the availability of various food products and beverages at home, as well as dietary intake, physical activity, time spent sleeping and time spent watching television, was filled in by one of the parents of each child. A total of 331 families finally participated.ResultsIn sixty-one families (18·43 %) both parents and child were either overweight or obese (XXL family), and in seven of these families all members were obese. Only twenty-eight families (8·46 %) had all members with a normal BMI. The XXL family was associated with lower educational status of both parents, whereas a higher percentage of XXL families resided in rural areas and had lower income. Skipping breakfast and spending more than 3 h in front of a screen every day were more frequently observed in XXL families. With regard to the availability of various food products and beverages at home, no significant differences were observed between XXL families and the rest of the studied families.ConclusionsGreek XXL families have lower educational status and lower annual income.

Family as the Main Caregivers during Child Delivery in Resource-Poor Settings of Nasarawa State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Idowu Ajayi ◽  
Wilson Akpan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
The Family ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
At Home

This article drew from a population-based survey of 413 women to determine the proportion of births assisted by the family in resource-poor areas of Nasarawa State. “Resource-poor settings” was defined as rural communities without access to health facilities. This exploratory study utilised a two-stage cluster random sampling technique to select 413 houses where questionnaires were administered to women who had given birth in the five years preceding the study. Simple descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the study data. The analysis reveals gross inequality in access to skilled birth facilities during childbirth in Nasarawa State. Births at home were common in rural areas among women of low socio-economic status who were illiterate. In resource-poor settings (where health facilities were unavailable), the family played a substantial role in child delivery. Specifically, while doctors and nurses attended to about 90 per cent of all births in resource-rich settings (where health facilities are available), the family members took delivery of 51.5 per cent of all births in resource-poor settings. Family members or relatives delivered the majority of the births that took place at home (61.6%). The traditional birth attendants assisted only 11.5 per cent of births within resource-poor settings, compared to only two per cent within resource-rich settings. The findings emphasised that the role of the family in caregiving during childbirth is not limited to providing social capital and emotional support but they also act as key caregivers, especially in resource-poor settings.

Inequalities in the Regional Distribution of Private Psychiatric Services Provided under Medicare

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 630-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony F. Jorm ◽  
Stephen J. Rosenman ◽  
Patricia A. Jacomb
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Psychiatric Services ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Medicare Data ◽  
Consultant Physician ◽  
Using Data

An analysis was carried out on Medicare data to find out if there are inequalities in the geographical distribution of private psychiatric services in Australia. The number of psychiatric services and persons becoming patients per 100,000 population was calculated for each federal electorate for the year 1985/86 and related to social indicators derived from the 1986 census. As a comparison, services provided by consultant physicians were analyzed as well. The data were based on the electorate of the patient rather than the electorate of the practitioner. Consultant psychiatrist services were found to be received more often in high socio-economic status electorates and those with older populations, and less often in rural areas. A similar pattern was found for consultant physician services, although the relationship with socio-economic status was not as strong. Frequent psychiatric consultations of longer duration, which are an indicator of insight psychotherapy, were more common in higher socioeconomic status electorates. A limitation of the Medicare data is that they cover only private services. To overcome this limitation, a supplementary analysis was carried out on the distribution of consultations for mental disorders using data from the National Health Survey. These data confirmed that individuals of high socio-economic status with a mental disorder are more likely to receive specialist treatment.

Determinants of Maternal Mortality in Rural China

1996 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Li ◽  
M. D. Fottler
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Health Care Facility ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
On The Road

A case-control study of maternal mortality was conducted in selected rural areas of two provinces in China: Henan province, which has a relatively lower socio-economic status and higher maternal mortality rates, and Jiangsu province with higher socio-economic status and lower maternal mortality rates. The major cause of maternal mortality in the two provinces was postpartum hemorrhage and the largest proportion of deaths occurred on the road between the women's home and the health care facility. Results indicate that the expectant mother's socio-economic status, knowledge of maternal care, and the nature and level of maternal care provided all influence rural maternal death rates. However, socio-economic factors were only significant predictors of mortality in the poorer province. Implications for health policy and future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Healthy dietary habits in relation to social determinants and lifestyle factors

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Johansson ◽  
Dag S. Thelle ◽  
Kari Solvoll ◽  
Gunn-Elin Aa. Bjørneboe ◽  
Christian A. Drevon
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Dietary Survey ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Socio Economic Status

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the importance of social status and lifestyle for dietary habits, since these factors may influence life expectancy. We studied the association of four indicators for healthy dietary habits (fruits and vegetables, fibre, fat and Hegsted score) with sex, age, socio-economic status, education, physical leisure exercise, smoking and personal attention paid to keeping a healthy diet. Data were gathered with a self-administered quantitative food-frequency questionnaire distributed to a representative sample of Norwegian men and women aged 16–79 years in a national dietary survey, of whom 3144 subjects (63%) responded. Age and female sex were positively associated with indicators for healthy dietary habits. By separate evaluation length of education, regular physical leisure exercise and degree of attention paid to keeping a healthy diet were positively associated with all four indicators for healthy dietary habits in both sexes. Socio-economic status, location of residence and smoking habits were associated with from one to three indicators for healthy dietary habits. In a multiple regression model, age, education and location of residence together explained from 1 to 9% of the variation (R2) in the four dietary indicators. Length of education was significantly associated with three of four dietary indicators both among men and women. By including the variable ‘attention paid to keeping a healthy diet’ in the model, R2 increased to between 4 and 15% for the four dietary indicators. Length of education remained correlated to three dietary indicators among women, and one indicator among men, after adjusting for attention to healthy diet, age and location of residence. Residence in cities remained correlated to two indicators among men, but none among women, after adjusting for age, education and attention to healthy diet. In conclusion, education was associated with indicators of a healthy diet. Attention to healthy diet showed the strongest and most consistent association with all four indicators for healthy dietary habits in both sexes. This suggests that personal preferences may be just as important for having a healthy diet as social status determinants.

scholarly journals Parental Socio-Economic Status and Higher Academic Aspiration of Senior Secondary School Students in Cross River State Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Joseph Etiongbie Ogbiji
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
School Students ◽  
Senior Secondary School ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Academic Aspiration ◽  
Senior Secondary

This study sought to investigate the influence of parental socio-economic status (SES) on higher academic aspiration among senior secondary school students in Cross River State of Nigeria with emphasis on Ogoja Education Zone. To do this, three research questions and three hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The research questions were based on three variables of parental educational status, occupation and material wealth. The research instrument was a 17 item researcher-made “Parental Socio-economic status and higher academic aspiration of senior secondary school students questionnaire”. It was built on a four-point modified Likert scale. Samples comprised of 600 senior secondary three (SS3) students at the rate of 30 per school from the five local government areas in the education zone. Data were analyzed using simple percentages. The result of research question one which sought to determine the influence of parental educational status on their children’s higher educational aspirations shows that 72.16% of the respondents affirmed that parental educational status has significantly high influence on their wards educational aspiration. Research Question two was on the influence of Parental occupation on their children’s academic aspiration. It had a positive response of 37.99% which shows negative influence. The finding on Research Question three shows that 62% of the respondents were positive about the influence of parental material wealth on their academic aspiration. Based on the above findings conclusion and recommendations were drawn.

scholarly journals Effects of a 2-year healthy eating and physical activity intervention for 3–6-year-olds in communities of high and low socio-economic status: the POP (Prevention of Overweight among Pre-school and school children) project

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1737-1745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie De Coen ◽  
Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij ◽  
Carine Vereecken ◽  
Vera Verbestel ◽  
Leen Haerens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Profile Control

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a school-based, 2-year, multi-component intervention on BMI, eating and physical activity behaviour in Flanders, Belgium, targeting children aged 3–6 years in communities of high and low socio-economic status (SES).DesignCluster-randomized controlled trial.SettingThirty-one pre-primary and primary schools in three different intervention communities and three paired-matched (on SES profile) control communities in Flanders, Belgium.SubjectsBMI Z-scores at baseline and follow-up were calculated for 1102 children. Questionnaires with sociodemographic data and FFQ were available from 694 of these 1102 children.ResultsNo significant effects were found on BMI Z-scores for the total sample. However, there was a significant decrease in BMI Z-score of 0·11 in the low-SES intervention community compared with the low-SES control community, where the BMI Z-score increased by 0·04 (F = 6·26, P = 0·01). No significant intervention effects could be found for eating behaviour, physical activity or screen-time. There were no significant interaction effects of age and gender of the children on the outcome variables.ConclusionsAlthough no significant effects were found for BMI Z-scores in the total sample, this intervention had a promising effect in the low-SES community of reducing excess weight gain among young children.

scholarly journals Association between socio-economic status and childhood undernutrition in Bangladesh; a comparison of possession score and poverty index

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1498-1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masuda Mohsena ◽  
CG Nicholas Mascie-Taylor ◽  
Rie Goto
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Poverty Index ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Family ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age ◽  
Children Under 5

AbstractObjectiveTo determine how much of the variation in nutritional status of Bangladeshi children under 5 years old can be attributed to the socio-economic status of the family.DesignNutritional status used reference Z-scores of weight-for-age (WAZ), height-for-age (HAZ) and weight-for-height (WHZ). A ‘possession score’ was generated based on ownership of a radio, television, bicycle, motorcycle and telephone, and the availability of electricity, with categories of 0 to 4+ possessions. A five-point (quintile) ‘poverty index’ was created using principal component analysis.SettingThe Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2004 was the source of data.SubjectsA sample of 4891 children aged <5 years was obtained.ResultsSome 57·8 % of the sample was either stunted, wasted or underweight (7·7 % were stunted, wasted and underweight). Of those stunted (48·4 %), 25·7 % were also underweight. Underweight and wasting prevalences were 40·7 % and 14·3 %, respectively. Mean WAZ, HAZ and WHZ did not differ by sex. Children of mothers with no education or no possessions were, on average, about 1 sd more underweight and stunted than those with higher educated mothers or with 4+ possessions. The possession score provided much greater discrimination of undernutrition than the poverty index. Nearly 50 % of children from households with no possessions were stunted, wasted or underweight (only 27 % in the poorest quintile), compared with only 3–6 % of children from households with 4+ possessions (over 13 % in the richest quintile).ConclusionsMaternal education and possession score were the main predictors of a child’s nutritional status. Possession score was a much better indicator of undernutrition than the poverty index.

Social and experiential influences on the development of inheritance concepts

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne M. Williams ◽  
Lesley A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Family Composition ◽  
Pet Ownership ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Environmental Variations

This study explored social and experiential differences in children's (aged 4 to 14 years) concepts of inheritance. The study utilized semi-structured interviews including four tasks that were designed to elicit judgements and explanations about different aspects of inheritance understanding. A variety of social and experiential factors were examined including, gender of participant, family composition, pet ownership, socio-economic status and urban/rural locale. The results indicated strong developmental changes and several social and environmental variations in children's knowledge of inheritance. Children from rural areas and from a higher socio-economic group showed a more sophisticated understanding of inheritance. Other variables including gender, owning a pet and having siblings had less impact on children's understanding of inheritance. Overall, children showed small variations in their inheritance concepts based on differences in experience and background. The precise causes of these differences remains an issue for future research.

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