scholarly journals Sociodemographic patterns of urine sodium excretion and its association with hypertension in Chile: a cross-sectional analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 2012-2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanny Petermann-Rocha ◽  
Anne Sillars ◽  
Rosemary Brown ◽  
Lauren Sweeney ◽  
Claudia Troncoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Urine Analysis ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Trained Staff ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Public Health Strategies

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to determine the main factors (sociodemographic, anthropometric, lifestyle and health status) associated with high Na excretion in a representative population of Chile.DesignNa excretion (g/d), a valid marker of Na intake, was determined by urine analysis and Tanaka’s formulas. Blood pressure was measured by trained staff and derived from the mean of three readings recorded after 15 min rest. The associations of Na excretion with blood pressure and the primary correlates of high Na excretion were determined using logistic regression.SettingChileans aged ≥15 years.ParticipantsParticipants (n 2913) from the Chilean National Health Survey 2009–2010.ResultsIndividuals aged 25 years or over, those who were obese and those who had hypertension, diabetes or metabolic syndrome were more likely to have higher Na excretion. The odds for hypertension increased by 10·2 % per 0·4 g/d increment in Na excretion (OR=1·10; 95 % CI 1·06, 1·14; P < 0·0001). These findings were independent of major confounding factors.ConclusionsAge, sex, adiposity, sitting behaviours and existing co-morbidities such as diabetes were associated with higher Na excretion levels in the Chilean population. These findings could help policy makers to implement public health strategies tailored towards individuals who are more likely to consume high levels of dietary salt.

scholarly journals METABOLIC SYNDROME PREVALENCE IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH DIET QUALITY IN THE CHILEAN ELDERLY POPULATION: A CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS FROM THE NATIONAL HEALTH SURVEY 2009-2010

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
C. Dussaillant ◽  
G. Echeverría ◽  
L. Villarroel ◽  
C.B. Yu ◽  
A. Rigotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Objectives: To analyze the relationship between the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, food intake, and diet quality in elderly (≥65 years old) Chilean population. Design: Cross sectional analysis based on the last national health survey performed in the years 2009 and 2010 (ChNHS 2009-2010). Setting: Non-institutionalized individuals of 65 years or older were selected and visited at home. Participants: A subsample of 505 elderly adults from the ChNHS 2009-2010 who answered a food questionnaire and had appropriate information to diagnose metabolic syndrome following the ATPIII-NCEP guidelines. Measurements: Fasting blood samples were obtained in order to measure blood lipids and fasting blood glucose. Blood pressure, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI) were also measured. A 5-item food frequency questionnaire was applied to all the participants of NHS 2009-2010. Results: The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the Chilean adult population was 37.7%, increasing in frequency with advancing age. Among the elderly (≥65 years old), metabolic syndrome was found in 57.2% of the sample. Elevated blood pressure and increased waist circumference were the most prevalent metabolic syndrome components among this group (88% and 80%, respectively). Low intake of fruits, vegetables, whole cereals, fish, and dairy was seen among the elderly, and no association was found between food intake nor diet quality and metabolic syndrome prevalence. Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent among the Chilean elderly population and its prevalence is not associated with food intake or diet quality in this age group.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional association of blood pressure variability and night-time dipping with cardiac structure in adolescents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
LJ Goudswaard ◽  
S Harrison ◽  
D Van De Klee ◽  
N Chaturvedi ◽  
DA Lawlor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Variability ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Cardiac Structure ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Average Real Variability ◽  
Sectional Analysis

AbstractGreater blood pressure variability (BP) and reduced night-time BP dipping are associated with cardiovascular disease independently of mean BP in adults. This study examines whether these associations are apparent in adolescents. A cross-sectional analysis was undertaken in 587 UK adolescents. We examined associations between measures of blood pressure dipping and variability (including standard deviation weighted for day/night (SDdn), average real variability (ARV) and variability independent of the mean (VIM)) with cardiac structure measures assessed by echocardiography: (1) left ventricular mass indexed to height2.7 (LVMi2.7), (2) relative wall thickness (RWT), (3) left atrial diameter indexed to height (LADi), and (4) left ventricular internal diameter in diastole (LVIDD)). Greater BP variability was associated with cardiac structures including higher RWT, which persisted after adjustment for mean BP. There was no evidence for an association between night-time dipping and cardiac structures. Measurement of BP variability might benefit cardiovascular risk assessment in adolescents.

scholarly journals Wholegrain Consumption and Risk Factors for Cardiorenal Metabolic Diseases in Chile: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of 2016–2017 Health National Survey

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2815
Author(s):  
Fabian Lanuza ◽  
Raul Zamora-Ros ◽  
Nicole Hidalgo-Liberona ◽  
Cristina Andrés-Lacueva ◽  
Tomás Meroño
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Wholegrain (WG) consumption has been associated with reduced risk factors for cardiorenal metabolic diseases (CRMD). In Latin-America. WG intake is low and scarce studies on this subject have been found. We aimed to evaluate the association between WG consumption and risk factors for CRMD in the 2016–2017 Chilean-National Health Survey. This cross-sectional study included 3110 participants representative of a total population of 11,810,647 subjects > 18 y, not taking insulin and with complete data on CRMD risk factors. Outcomes were metabolic syndrome and its components, albuminuria, and impaired glomerular filtration rate (GFR). WG consumption was categorized as regular (≥every two days), sporadic (≥once a month), and non-consumers. Associations were analyzed by multivariable logistic regressions adjusted for confounders taking into account the complex sample design of the survey. Regular WG consumers showed a lower risk of high blood pressure (OR: 0.61, 95%CI: 0.41–0.91) compared to non-consumers in fully-adjusted models. Although inverse associations were noticed with other metabolic syndrome components and impaired GFR, none was statistically significant. The association between WG and BP remained robust in the sensitivity analysis. In conclusion regular WG consumption was associated with a 39% lower risk of high blood pressure in Chilean adults.

scholarly journals Dietary sodium and potassium intake: knowledge, attitude and behaviour towards dietary salt intake among adults in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Semira Mitiku Saje ◽  
Bilal Shikur Endris ◽  
Bikila Nagasa ◽  
Genet Ashebir ◽  
Seifu Hagos Gebreyesus
Keyword(s):  
Urine Analysis ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objective: The present study aimed to estimate the consumption of Na and K and to assess salt-related knowledge, attitude and behaviour among adults in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Design: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Estimates of Na and K intake were made using repeated multiple-pass 24-h dietary recall as well as using random urine. The usual intake of Na and K from the 24-h dietary recall was determined using the National Cancer Institute methodology. Estimated 24-h Na and K excretion was calculated using International Cooperative Study on Salt, Other Factors, and Blood Pressure and Tanaka formula. Settings: Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia. Participants: Individuals aged 20 years and above residing in the city. Result: The mean Na and K intake estimated using the diet recall data was 3·0 (0·9) g/d and 1·9 (0·6) g/d, respectively. Based on the urine analysis, the estimated mean Na and K intakes were 3·3 (0·7) g/d and 1·9 (0·4) g/d, respectively. Moreover, the analysis showed that the mean Na:K ratio was 2·5 (1·4). The daily intake of K was below the recommended amount for all study participants. More than 98 % and 90 % of participants had an excess intake of Na and Na:K ratio, respectively. Conclusion: We found a high prevalence of inadequate K intake as well as excess intake of Na resulting in an increased prevalence of excess Na:K ratio. Thus, interventions targeting to decrease Na intake and to increase K intake are needed.

scholarly journals Disease phenotype analyses of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in Canada and Saudi Arabia

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (S1) ◽  
pp. S32-S32
Author(s):  
M Alluqmani ◽  
M Alqermli ◽  
G Blevins ◽  
B Alotibi ◽  
F Giuliani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Similar Disease ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) exhibits a spectrum of clinical findings, especially in relapsing-remitting MS (RR-MS). To assess the effects of geographic location and ethnicity on RR-MS phenotype, we investigated RR-MS patients in Canada and Saudi Arabia. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of patients receiving active care in MS Clinics was performed in Medina, Saudi Arabia and Edmonton, Alberta. Demographic and clinical data was collected for each patient. Results: 98 patients with treated RR-MS were recruited (n=51, Medina; n=47, Edmonton); 40 patients were Caucasian (Edmonton) while 46 patients were Bedouin (Medina). Although the disease duration was longer in the Edmonton (5.7+2.3 yr) compared to the Medina group (4.4+1.4 yr) (p<0.05), the mean age of RR-MS onset, relapse rate and EDSS change were similar. The female:male ratio was comparable in Edmonton (35:12) and Medina (32:19), as was the risk of optic neuritis. The likelihood of an infratentorial lesion-associated presentation differed (Edmonton, n=23; Medina; n=13) among groups (p<0.05). Spinal cord lesions on MRI were more frequent in Edmonton (n=18) compared to Medina (n=1) patients (p<0.05). Conclusions: Despite differences in location, ethnicity, and a predominance of infratentorial lesion burden the Edmonton group, the RR-MS phenotype displayed similar disease severity and trajectory in these cohorts.

The Initial Return and Its Conditional Return Volatility: Evidence from the Chinese IPO Market

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 1450022 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Monica Hussein ◽  
Zhong-Guo Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Linear Functions ◽  
Return Volatility ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Variance Model ◽  
Initial Return ◽  
Traditional Market ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sectional Analysis

This paper investigates the monthly initial return and its conditional return volatility for Chinese IPOs. We find that the mean initial return (IR) and cross-sectional return volatility are highly auto- and cross-correlated, and time-varying. We propose a system of two simultaneous equations: a GARCH-in-mean (GARCH-M) process with an ARMA(1,1) adjustment in the residuals for the IR and an EGARCH process for the conditional return volatility, assuming that the IR and its conditional return volatility are linear functions of the same market, firm- and offer-specific characteristics. We find that the model captures both time-series and cross-sectional correlations at the mean and variance levels. Our findings suggest that the conditional return volatility affects the IR positively and significantly, in addition to the traditional market, firm- and offer-specific characteristics. IPOs with higher conditional return volatility, as a proxy for information asymmetry, tend to be underpriced more. The paper demonstrates the merit of using a conditional variance model, along with time series and cross-sectional analysis to price Chinese IPOs.

scholarly journals Blood pressure control in chronic kidney disease: A cross-sectional analysis from the German Chronic Kidney Disease (GCKD) study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. e0202604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus P. Schneider ◽  
Karl F. Hilgers ◽  
Matthias Schmid ◽  
Silvia Hübner ◽  
Jennifer Nadal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Blood Pressure Control ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Sectional Analysis

scholarly journals A Comparison of Casual In-Clinic Blood Pressure Measurements to Standardized Guideline-Concordant Measurements in Severely Obese Individuals

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana Vahidy ◽  
Sumit R. Majumdar ◽  
Raj S. Padwal
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Clinic Blood Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oscillometric Device ◽  
Severely Obese ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Bariatric Clinic

Background/Objectives. The objective of this study was to compare casual BP taken in a bariatric clinic to standardized guideline-concordant BP.Subjects/Methods. A cross sectional analysis was performed using baseline data from a weight management trial. Patients were recruited from a Canadian bariatric care program. Standardized BP was performed using a Watch BP oscillometric device. Casual in-clinic BP single readings, taken using a Welch Allyn oscillometric device, were chart-abstracted. Pairedt-tests, Bland-Altman plots, and Pearson’s correlations were used for analysis.Results. Data from 134 patients were analyzed. Mean age was 41.5 ± 8.9 y, mean BMI was 46.8 ± 6.5 kg/m2, and 40 (30%) had prior hypertension. Mean casual in-clinic BP was 128.8 ± 14.1/81.6 ± 9.9 mmHg and mean standardized BP was 133.2 ± 15.0/82.0 ± 10.3 mmHg (difference of −4.3 ± 12.0 for systolic (p<0.0001) and −0.4 ± 10.0 mmHg for diastolic BP (p=0.6)). Pearson’s coefficients were 0.66 (p<0.0001) for SBP and 0.50 (p<0.0001) for DBP. 28.4% of casual versus 26.9% of standardized measurements were ≥140/90 mmHg (p<0.0001).Conclusion. In this bariatric clinic, casual BP was unexpectedly lower than standardized BP. This could potentially lead to the underdiagnosis of hypertension.

scholarly journals Waist Circumference, Blood Pressure and Lifestyle of Sudanese Population, Khartoum Locality, Sudan 2016

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Asma Abdelaal Abdalla ◽  
Siham Ahmed Balla ◽  
Amna Abdalla Babiker ◽  
Safaa Abdelhameed Medani ◽  
Rania Abdalla Osman Khalfa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean

Aims: To measure the waist circumference of Sudanese adults in Khartoum Locality and its relationship to blood pressure and lifestyle  during celebration of international day of hypertension in May 2016 . Study Design: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Place of the Celebration: Khartoum Locality at Alsahaa Alkhadraa (The Green Park). Methodology: A total of 364 adult participants, 196 men and 168 women were interviewed using structured questionnaire. Blood pressure (BP) was measured considering hypertension as ≥ 140 mmHg and ≥ 90 mmHg for systole and diastole BP respectively. Waist circumference was measured using an anthropometric measuring tape at cut-off point of 94 cm and 80 cm for men and women respectively. Data was managed by SPSS version 20 and Chi-square test at 95% CL was used to test the association between waist circumference, blood pressure and life style characteristics. Results: Age distribution of the study population showed 48.2% females and 45.4% males in the middle age group (38-57 years). Two thirds of the study population were hypertensive, 62.8% of males and 64.3% of females. The mean waist circumference of men was 97.82 cm + 16.7, mean Systolic BP was 127 + 22 and mean Diastolic BP was 85 + 15. The mean waist circumference of women was 99.31 + 16.2, mean Systolic was 128 + 24 and mean Diastolic BP was 84 +17. Abnormal waist circumference was found in 61.2% of males and 86.9% of females. Fifty nine (30.1%) of the males and 86 (51.2%) of the females with abnormal waist circumference were hypertensive. The association between abnormal waist circumference and high blood pressure was significant among both sexes, P value = 0.001. Physical exercise and fat and salt foods were not significantly associated waist circumference in both men and women. Conclusion: Two thirds of women and men in the celebrating areas were hypertensive.  Half of women and one third of men were significantly hypertensive and having abnormal waist circumference. Doing physical exercise, avoiding fat and salt foods was insignificantly associated with normal waist circumference. Large survey with representative sample is needed to estimate the real Sudanese waist circumference.  

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