Local government retail incentives for healthier food retailers in the USA, 2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 2521-2529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha J Lange ◽  
Latetia V Moore ◽  
Deborah A Galuska
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Farmers Markets ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Food Retail ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data

AbstractObjective:National public health organizations recommend that local governments improve access to healthy foods. One way is by offering incentives for food retailer development and operation, but little is known about incentive use nationwide. We aimed to describe the national prevalence of local government reported incentives to increase access to healthy food options in three major food retail settings (farmers’ markets, supermarkets, and convenience or corner (smaller) stores) overall and by municipality characteristics.Design:Cross-sectional study using data from the 2014 National Survey of Community-Based Policy and Environmental Supports for Healthy Eating and Active Living.Setting:USA, nationally representative survey of 2029 municipalities.Participants:Municipal officials (e.g. city/town managers or planners; n 1853).Results:Overall, 67 % of municipalities reported incentives to support farmers’ markets, 34 % reported incentives to encourage opening new supermarkets, and 14 % reported incentives to help existing convenience or corner stores. Municipality characteristics significantly associated with incentive use were larger population size (all settings), location in Midwest v. West (supermarkets, smaller stores), higher poverty level (farmers’ markets) and ≤50 % of the population non-Hispanic White (supermarkets, smaller stores). The most commonly reported individual incentives were permission of sales on city property for farmers’ markets, tax credits for supermarkets and linkage to revitalization projects for smaller stores.Conclusions:Most municipalities offered food retail incentives for farmers’ markets, but fewer used incentives to open new supermarkets or assist existing smaller stores. National data can set benchmarks, provide relative comparisons for communities and identify areas for improvement.

scholarly journals Television viewing and variations in energy intake in adults and children in the USA

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan B Sisson ◽  
Stephanie T Broyles ◽  
Candace Robledo ◽  
Lindsay Boeckman ◽  
Misti Leyva
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Nationally Representative

AbstractObjectiveExamine the association between energy intake and television (TV) viewing in Americans.DesignNationally representative, cross-sectional study of 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.SettingTotal energy intake was determined by two 24 h recalls. TV viewing was reported as low (≤1 h/d), middle (2–3 h/d), and high (≥4 h/d). Multivariate linear regression models were used to analyse TV viewing and energy intake, adjusted for BMI (percentile for children 2–18 years), age, ethnicity and physical activity.SubjectsPre-school children (2–5 years;n1369), school-age children (6–11 years;n1759), adolescents (12–18 years;n3233) and adults (≥19 years;n7850) in the USA.ResultsThere was a significant association between TV viewing and energy intake for adolescent girls (highv. low:β= 195·2,P= 0·03) and men (highv. low:β= −113·0,P= 0·02; middlev. low:β= −131·1,P= 0·0002). Mean adjusted energy intake for adolescent girls was 7801·0, 8088·5 and 8618·2 kJ/d for low, middle and high TV viewing, respectively. Mean adjusted energy intake for men was 9845·9, 9297·2 and 9372·8 kJ/d for low, middle and high TV viewing.ConclusionsTV viewing was associated with energy intake in US children and adults only in 12–18-year-old girls and men. For girls, the high TV viewing category consumed more energy daily (816·3 kJ (195 kcal)) than the low category. In men, the middle and high TV viewing categories consumed less energy daily (548·4 kJ (131 kcal) and 473·0 kJ (113 kcal), respectively) than the low category. Our findings support some, but not all previous research. Future research is needed to explore this complicated relationship with rigorous measures of energy intake and TV viewing.

scholarly journals Mental health consequences of COVID-19: a nationally representative cross-sectional study of pandemic-related stressors and anxiety disorders in the USA

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e044125
Author(s):  
Salma M Abdalla ◽  
Catherine K Ettman ◽  
Gregory H Cohen ◽  
Sandro Galea
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Sectional Analysis

ObjectiveTo document the prevalence of anxiety disorders in the USA during the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignA cross-sectional analysis.SettingA nationally representative sample in the USA between 31 March and 13 April 2020.Participants1450 English-speaking adult participants in the AmeriSpeak Panel. AmeriSpeak is a probability-based panel designed to be representative of households in the USA.Main outcome measuresPrevalence of probable generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) using the GAD-7 and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) using the four-item PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) checklist. Both outcomes were stratified by demographics and COVID-19-related stressors.ResultsThe majority of participants were female (51.8%), non-Hispanic white (62.9%) and reported a household saving of $5000 or more. Those between 18 and 29 years old were the largest age group (38.1%) compared with 40–59 years (32.0%) and 60 years or more (29.9%). The prevalence of probable GAD was 10.9% (95% CI 9.1% to 13.2%) and the prevalence of PTSS was 21.7% (95% CI 19.1% to 24.6%). Among participants reporting five or more COVID-19-related stressors, the prevalence of probable GAD was 20.5% (95% CI 16.1% to 25.8%) and the prevalence of PTSS was 35.7% (95% CI 30.2% to 41.6%). Experiencing five or more COVID-19-related stressors was a predictor of both probable GAD (OR=4.5, 95% CI 2.3 to 8.8) and PTSS (OR=3.3, 95% CI 2.1 to 5.1).ConclusionsThe prevalence of probable anxiety disorders in the USA, as the COVID-19 pandemic and policies implemented to tackle it unfolded, is higher than estimates reported prior to the pandemic and estimates reported following other mass traumatic events. Exposure to COVID-19-related stressors is associated with higher prevalence of both probable GAD and PTSS, highlighting the role these stressors play in increasing the risk of developing anxiety disorders in the USA. Mitigation and recovery policies should take into account the mental health toll the pandemic had on the USA population.

Supporting Active Living Through Community Plans: The Association of Planning Documents With Design Standards and Features

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-198
Author(s):  
Erin L. Peterson ◽  
Susan A. Carlson ◽  
Thomas L. Schmid ◽  
David R. Brown ◽  
Deborah A. Galuska
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Active Living ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Traffic Calming ◽  
Bicycle Infrastructure ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between the presence of supportive community planning documents in US municipalities with design standards and requirements supportive of active living. Design: Cross-sectional study using data from the 2014 National Survey of Community-Based Policy and Environmental Supports for Healthy Eating and Active Living. Setting: Nationally representative sample of US municipalities. Participants: Respondents are 2005 local officials. Measures: Assessed: (1) The presence of design standards and feature requirements and (2) the association between planning documents and design standards and feature requirements supportive of active living in policies for development. Analysis: Using logistic regression, significant trends were identified in the presence of design standards and feature requirements by plan and number of supportive objectives present. Results: Prevalence of design standards ranged from 19% (developer dedicated right-of-way for bicycle infrastructure development) to 50% (traffic-calming features in areas with high pedestrian and bicycle volume). Features required in policies for development ranged from 14% (short/medium pedestrian-scale block sizes) to 44% (minimum sidewalk widths of 5 feet) of municipalities. As the number of objectives in municipal plans increased, there was a significant and positive trend ( P < .05) in the prevalence of each design standard and requirement. Conclusions: Municipal planning documents containing objectives supportive of physical activity are associated with design standards and feature requirements supportive of activity-friendly communities.

scholarly journals Life-course BMI and biomarkers in persons aged 60 years or older: a comparison of the USA and Costa Rica

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-323
Author(s):  
David H Rehkopf ◽  
Andrew Duong ◽  
William H Dow ◽  
Luis Rosero-Bixby
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Risk Biomarkers ◽  
The Life Course

AbstractObjectiveThere is a large literature linking current BMI to levels of cardiovascular risk biomarkers, but it is unknown whether measures of BMI earlier in the life course and maximum BMI are predictive of current levels of biomarkers. The objective of the current study was to determine how current, maximum and age-25 BMI among individuals over the age of 60 years are associated with their current levels of cardiovascular risk biomarkers.DesignCross-sectional study with retrospective recall.SettingCosta Rica (n 821) and the USA (n 4110).SubjectsNationally representative samples of adults aged 60 years or over.ResultsWe used regression models to examine the relationship between multiple meaures of BMI with four established cardiovascular risk biomarkers. The most consistent predictor of current levels of systolic blood pressure, TAG and HDL-cholesterol was current BMI. However, maximum BMI was the strongest predictor of glycosylated Hb (HbA1c) and was also related to HDL-cholesterol and TAG. HbA1c was independent of current BMI. We found that these relationships are consistent between Costa Rica and the USA for HbA1c and for HDL-cholesterol.ConclusionsCurrent levels of cardiovascular risk biomarkers are not only the product of current levels of BMI, but also of maximum lifetime BMI, particularly for levels of HbA1c and for HDL-cholesterol. Managing maximum obtained BMI over the life course may be most critical for maintaining the healthiest levels of cardiovascular risk.

Sociodemographic correlates of occupational, recreational and firearm noise exposure among adults in the USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
A P Knewitz ◽  
M C Simpson ◽  
D A Harris ◽  
J M Sappington ◽  
N Osazuwa-Peters
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Occupational Noise ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Nationally Representative

AbstractObjectiveTo determine sociodemographic factors associated with occupational, recreational and firearm-related noise exposure.MethodsThis nationally representative, multistage, stratified, cluster cross-sectional study sampled eligible National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants aged 20–69 years (n = 4675) about exposure to occupational and recreational noise and recurrent firearm usage, using a weighted multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsThirty-four per cent of participants had exposure to occupational noise and 12 per cent to recreational noise, and 13 per cent repeatedly used firearms. Males were more likely than females to have exposure to all three noise types (adjusted odds ratio range = 2.63–14.09). Hispanics and Asians were less likely to have exposure to the three noise types than Whites. Blacks were less likely than Whites to have occupational and recurrent firearm noise exposure. Those with insurance were 26 per cent less likely to have exposure to occupational noise than those without insurance (adjusted odds ratio = 0.74, 95 per cent confidence interval = 0.60–0.93).ConclusionWhites, males and uninsured people are more likely to have exposure to potentially hazardous loud noise.

scholarly journals Food insecurity and subsequent weight gain in women

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonya J Jones ◽  
Edward A Frongillo
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data

AbstractObjectiveCross-sectional data indicate that a relationship between household food insecurity and overweight exists among women in the USA. Cross-sectional data cannot determine if food insecurity leads to overweight as some have hypothesised. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship of food insecurity with subsequent weight gain in women using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID).Design, setting and subjectsPanel data from the 1999 and 2001 PSID, a nationally representative sample of households, were analysed using multivariate regression procedures.ResultsAverage weight gain among all women (n = 5595) was 1.1 kg on average over the two years. There were no significant differences in the percentages of women who gained a clinically significant amount (2.3 kg) by food insecurity status. Overweight women who were on a weight-gain trajectory during the 2-year period gained less if they were food-insecure. This relationship was not observed among healthy-weight or obese women.ConclusionsOverall, food insecurity does not appear to be strongly associated with subsequent weight gain in women.

scholarly journals Trends in thinness prevalence among adolescents in ten European countries and the USA (1998–2006): a cross-sectional survey

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 2207-2215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Lazzeri ◽  
Stefania Rossi ◽  
Colette Kelly ◽  
Carine Vereecken ◽  
Namanjeet Ahluwalia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the prevalence of ‘graded thinness’ in children aged 11, 13 and 15 years in eleven developed countries and to identify trends in the prevalence of ‘thinness’ (BMI < 17 kg/m2 at age 18 years) by age and gender.DesignCross-sectional study using data collected through self-reported questionnaires.SettingData were taken from the 1997/1998, 2001/2002 and 2005/2006 surveys of the Health Behaviours in School-aged Children (HBSC) Study.SubjectsChildren and adolescents from ten European countries and the USA (n 158 000).ResultsPrevalence of grades 1, 2 and 3 of thinness was higher among 11-year-old students compared with the 13- and 15-year-olds in all countries. A higher prevalence of thinness was observed in girls than in boys. Since 1998 the prevalence of thinness decreased steadily in Czech boys and girls, while it increased for French girls. In the total European sample of females, thinness decreased from 1998 to 2006 (χ2 for trend, P < 0·01). Age-adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that Czech boys and girls, and Flemish and American girls were less likely to be thin in 2006 than in 1998; while a noteworthy increment, even if borderline significant, was observed for French girls with a 41 % increase in the likelihood to be thin.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that thinness is an important overlooked phenomenon with wide variation in prevalence and trends across developed countries. It deserves further longitudinal studies in a multinational context that could increase the understanding of the factors associated with thinness and contribute to developing preventive and nutritional programmes targeted at controlling obesity and chronic diseases, while monitoring thinness.

scholarly journals The association between triglyceride glucose index and depression: data from NHANES 2005–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Yi Shi ◽  
Rui Zheng ◽  
Jie-Jie Cai ◽  
Song-Zan Qian
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Tyg Index ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background The association between triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and depression is unclear. We conducted this analysis to explore whether higher TyG index is associated with a higher odd of depression. Methods This was an observational study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005–2018), a cross-sectional and nationally representative database. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). TyG index was calculated based on the equation as follows: ln [triglyceride (mg/dL) × fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)/2], and participants were divided into quartiles based on TyG index. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore the relationship between the TyG index and depression. Results A total of 13,350 patients were included, involving 1001 (7.50%) individuals with depression. Higher TyG index is significantly associated with elevated depressive symptoms in U.S. adults. Multivariate-adjusted HRs for patients in the TyG index 4th quartile were higher for depression (OR = 1.46; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30, 1.64) compared with the 1st quartile of TyG index. Similar results were seen in men and women, across age groups, and baseline comorbidities. Conclusion In this large cross-sectional study, our result suggests that population with higher TyG index are significantly more likely to have depressive symptoms in U.S. adults.

scholarly journals Consumption of ultra-processed foods and associated sociodemographic factors in the USA between 2007 and 2012: evidence from a nationally representative cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e020574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Galastri Baraldi ◽  
Euridice Martinez Steele ◽  
Daniela Silva Canella ◽  
Carlos Augusto Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Nationally Representative

ObjectivesTo compare ultra-processed food consumption across sociodemographic groups and over time (2007–2008, 2009–2010, 2011–2012) in the USA.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2012.ParticipantsAll individuals aged ≥2 years with at least one 24-hour dietary recall were included (n=23 847).Main outcome measuresAverage dietary contribution of ultra-processed foods (expressed as a percentage of the total caloric value of the diet), obtained after classifying all food items according to extent and purpose of industrial food processing using NOVA classification.Data analysisLinear regression was used to evaluate the association between sociodemographic characteristics or NHANES cycles and dietary contribution of ultra-processed foods.ResultsAlmost 60% of calories consumed in the period 2007–2012 came from ultra-processed foods. Consumption of ultra-processed foods decreased with age and income level, was higher for non-Hispanic whites or non-Hispanic blacks than for other race/ethnicity groups and lower for people with college than for lower levels of education, all differences being statistically significant. Overall contribution of ultra-processed foods increased significantly between NHANES cycles (nearly 1% point per cycle), the same being observed among males, adolescents and high school education-level individuals.ConclusionsUltra-processed food consumption in the USA in the period 2007–2012 was overall high, greater among non-Hispanic whites or non-Hispanic blacks, less educated, younger, lower-income strata and increased across time.

scholarly journals Ever Use of E-Cigarettes Among Adults in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Study of Sociodemographic Factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 004695801986447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sericea Stallings-Smith ◽  
Taylor Ballantyne
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High School ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nationally Representative

E-cigarette use among adolescents is well-documented, but less is known about adult users of e-cigarettes. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between sociodemographic factors and e-cigarette use in a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States. Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for years 2015-2016 were analyzed to assess e-cigarette use among 5989 adults aged ≥18 years. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to examine associations between the sociodemographic exposures of age, sex, race, marital status, education level, employment status, and poverty-income ratio and the outcome of e-cigarette use. The weighted prevalence of ever use of e-cigarettes was 20%. Compared with adults aged ≥55 years, odds of e-cigarette use were 4.77 times (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.63-6.27) higher among ages 18 to 34 years and 2.16 times (95% CI = 1.49-3.14) higher among ages 35 to 54 years. Higher odds of e-cigarette use were observed among widowed/divorced/separated participants compared with those who were married/living with a partner, among participants with less than high school (odds ratio [OR] = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.08-2.00) or high school/general educational development (GED) education (OR=1.41; 95% CI = 1.12-1.77) compared with those with college degrees/some college, and among those with incomes below the poverty level (OR=1.31; 95% CI = 1.01-1.69) compared with above the poverty level. For non-smokers of conventional cigarettes, higher odds of e-cigarette use were observed among males compared with females, Mexican Americans/Other Hispanics compared with non-Hispanic whites, and non-working participants compared with those who were working. Overall findings indicate that individuals who are widowed/divorced/separated, individuals with lower education, and with incomes below the poverty level are likely to report ever use of e-cigarettes. As increasing evidence demonstrates negative health consequences, e-cigarette initiation may ultimately contribute to additional smoking-related health inequalities even among non-smokers of conventional cigarettes.

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