Persistence of anaemia among Samoan preschool age children: a longitudinal study

Abstract Objective: To characterise the prevalence and persistence of anaemia among Samoan children over a 2–3-year period. Design: Data were from two consecutive waves (2015 and 2017–2018) of the Ola Tuputupua’e ‘Growing up’ study. Anaemia (Hb < 11·0 or 11·5 g/dl for 2–4 and ≥ 5 years old, respectively) was considered ‘transient’ when it occurred at only one wave or ‘persistent’ if it was present at two consecutive waves. Child, maternal and household correlates of anaemia were examined using log-binomial and modified Poisson regressions. Setting: Eleven Samoan villages. Participants: Mother–child pairs (n 257) recruited in 2015 and reassessed in 2017–2018. Results: Anaemia prevalence was 33·9 % in 2015 and 28·0 % in 2017–2018; 35·6 % of cases identified in 2015 were persistent. Risk of anaemia at only one wave was lower among children who were older in 2015 (age 4 v. 2 years, adjusted relative risk (aRR) = 0·54, (95 % CI 0·35, 0·84), P = 0·007), had older mothers (≥ 40 v. 18–29 years, aRR = 0·61, (95 % CI 0·39, 0·95), P = 0·029) and had higher daily sodium intake (for every 100 mg/d, aRR = 0·97, (95 % CI 0·95, 0·99), P = 0·003) than children with no anaemia. Children whose anaemia persisted were more likely to have had a mother with anaemia (aRR = 2·13, (95 % CI 1·17, 3·89), P = 0·013) and had higher daily dietary iron intake (for every 10 mg/d, aRR = 4·69, (95 % CI 1·33, 16·49), P = 0·016) than those with no anaemia. Conclusions: Alongside broadly targeted prevention efforts, which are warranted given the moderate-high anaemia prevalence observed, specific attention should be paid to children with risk factors for persistent anaemia. Routine screening of children whose mothers have anaemia should be encouraged.

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Traumatic dental injuries in preschool‐age children: Prevalence and risk factors

Clinical and Experimental Dental Research ◽

10.1002/cre2.165 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 151-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Catherine D. Born ◽

Tate H. Jackson ◽

Lorne D. Koroluk ◽

Kimon Divaris

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Preschool Age ◽

Preschool Age Children ◽

Traumatic Dental Injuries ◽

Dental Injuries

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UNDERNUTRITION AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AMONG PRESCHOOL AGE CHILDREN IN EVODOULA HEALTH DISTRICT, CENTRAL REGION OF CAMEROON

World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.20959/wjpps20177-9537 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 97-111

Author(s):

Patricia M. Ntsama

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Central Region ◽

Preschool Age ◽

Health District ◽

Preschool Age Children ◽

Associated Risk Factors

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Risk factors and seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigenemia in mothers and their preschool age children in Ilorin, Nigeria

Therapy ◽

10.2217/14750708.4.1.67 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 67-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Olajide O Agbede ◽

Juliet O Iseniyi ◽

Matthew O Kolawole ◽

A Ojuawo

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Preschool Age ◽

Preschool Age Children

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Dietary iron intake and risk of non-fatal acute myocardial infarction

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1079/phn2005869 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 480-484 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Alessandra Tavani ◽

Silvano Gallus ◽

Cristina Bosetti ◽

Maria Parpinel ◽

Eva Negri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽

Total Iron ◽

Alcoholic Beverages ◽

First Episode ◽

Italian Population ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Dietary Iron ◽

Iron Intake

AbstractObjectiveThe relation between several measures of body iron and atherosclerotic disease, particularly acute myocardial infarction (AMI), is debated. This is of specific interest since iron is frequently included in supplementation and fortification of foods. We assessed the relation between dietary iron intake and the risk of non-fatal AMI.DesignCase–control study. The information was collected by interviewers using a food-frequency questionnaire tested for validity and reproducibility. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained by multiple unconditional logistic regression models, including terms for energy and alcohol intakea, as well as for sociodemographic factors, tobacco and other major recognised risk factors for AMI.SettingMilan, Italy, between 1995 and 1999.SubjectsCases were 507 patients, below age 79 years, with a first episode of non-fatal AMI, and controls were 478 patients admitted to hospital for a wide spectrum of acute conditions unrelated to known or potential AMI risk factors.ResultsCompared with patients in the lowest tertile of total iron intake, the OR was 0.48 (95% CI 0.29–0.82) for those in the highest tertile. The corresponding value for haem iron was 0.71 (95% CI 0.48–1.06), for non-haem, non-alcohol iron was 0.80 (95% CI 0.51–1.24) and for iron derived from alcoholic beverages was 0.60 (95% CI 0.40–0.90). Sex-specific OR for total iron intake were not heterogeneous.ConclusionsIn this Italian population dietary iron intake was inversely related to AMI risk. This inverse association may depend on other nutrients present in the major sources of iron in the Italian diet.

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Developmental risk factors in Vietnamese preschool-age children: Cross-sectional survey

Pediatrics International ◽

10.1111/ped.12748 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 14-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Nguyen Huu Chau Duc

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Preschool Age ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Developmental Risk ◽

Preschool Age Children ◽

Developmental Risk Factors

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Study Risk factors of increased Z-Score of Body Mass Index in preschool-age children

10.21203/rs.2.19265/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Fathi Mahmoud El-Gamal ◽

R Babader ◽

M Al-Shaikh ◽

A Al-Harbi ◽

J Al-Kaf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Preschool Children ◽

Preschool Age ◽

Z Score ◽

Normal Children ◽

Stunted Growth ◽

Economic Level ◽

Preschool Age Children ◽

Allergic Disorders

Abstract Objective: This study was conducted to explore the risk factors of increased BMI /Age Z score > + 2 SD in the preschool children. Result: BMI/Age Z score > + 2 SD was found in 19.5% (146 /748) of the children. It was significantly more common among the children from areas with high socio-economic level (OR: 2.434; 95% CI 1.543, 3.841, and p < 0.000). Risk of being obese was significantly higher among the males (OR 0.630; 95% CI 0.431, 0.920, and p < 0.017) compared to females. The increased duration of breast feeding in infancy, was significantly associated with increased BMI/Age Z-score (b= 0.027, p< 0.004). Decreased age of the child was significantly associated with increased BMI/Age Z-score (b= - 0.013, p < 0.004). The children with stunted growth were 6.7 times fold likely to have BMI/Age Z Score > + 2 SD compared to the normal children (OR 6.733; 95% CI 3.799, 10.800, and p < 0.000), after allowing for other factors. No significant association was found between allergic disorders and BMI/Age Z score > + 2 SD.

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Peculiarities of Preschool Age Children’s Formation of National Identity in Emigration

Pedagogika ◽

10.15823/p.2013.1831 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 109 (1) ◽

pp. 33-38

Author(s):

Aldona Mazolevskienė ◽

Sigita Montvilaitė

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Identity ◽

National Identity ◽

Identity Formation ◽

Preschool Age ◽

Growing Up ◽

Ethnic Identity Formation ◽

Ethnic Consciousness ◽

Foreign Countries ◽

Preschool Age Children ◽

National Identity Formation

The article discusses the importance of fostering national identity in preschoolers living abroad and difficulties related to it, also, there is disclosed national identity’s expression of Lithuanian children living in foreign countries. Moreover, the article seeks to substantiate the problem of national identity formation in emigration with reference to research carried out abroad. The aim of this research is to expose the peculiarities of preschool children’s formation of national identity in emigration. The objectives of the research are the following: to ascertain ethnic consciousness of emigrants’ preschool age children; to explore aspects of identification with Lithuanians nation; to learn about the attitude of the parents growing up preschool age children towards Lithuanian identity’s nurturance in emigration. In 2010 there was carried out research which proved that children and their parents quite positively think about possibilities of ethnic identity formation in emigration. The research carried out in 2012 highlighted pretty skeptic attitude of emigrant parents towards Lithuania and Lithuanian identity considering the formation of their children’s ethnic identity.

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Influences of pre-, peri- and postoperative risk factors in neonatal cardiac surgery on neurodevelopmental status in preschool-age children

Critical Care ◽

10.1186/cc676 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 4 (S4) ◽

Author(s):

HH Hövels-Gürich ◽

M-C Seghaye ◽

M Sigler ◽

A Bartl ◽

F Kotlarek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiac Surgery ◽

Preschool Age ◽

Postoperative Risk ◽

Preschool Age Children ◽

Neonatal Cardiac Surgery

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Parasite and maternal risk factors for malnutrition in preschool-age children in Belen, Peru using the new WHO Child Growth Standards

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114507795272 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 98 (6) ◽

pp. 1259-1266 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Martin Casapía ◽

Serene A. Joseph ◽

Carmen Núñez ◽

Elham Rahme ◽

Theresa W. Gyorkos

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

High Intensity ◽

Maternal Education ◽

High Growth ◽

Child Growth ◽

Preschool Age ◽

Maternal Risk ◽

Growth Standards ◽

Preschool Age Children ◽

Maternal Bmi

Child malnutrition, including wasting, underweight and stunting, is associated with infections, poor nutrient intake, and environmental and socio-demographic factors. Preschool-age children are especially vulnerable due to their high growth requirements. To target interventions for preschool-age children in a community of extreme poverty in Peru, we conducted a household survey between October 2005 and January 2006 to determine the prevalence of malnutrition and its risk factors. Of 252 children < 5 years old, the prevalence of wasting, underweight and stunting was 26·6, 28·6 and 32·1 %, respectively, based on the new WHO Child Growth Standards. Risk factors for wasting were: (1) moderate–high intensity Trichuris infection (OR 2·50; 95 % CI 1·06, 5·93); (2) hookworm infection (OR 6·67; 95 % CI 1·08, 41·05); (3) age (OR6-month 1·27; 95 % CI 1·11, 1·46); (4) maternal education (secondary incomplete) (OR 5·77; 95 % CI 2·38, 13·99); and (5) decreasing maternal BMI (OR1 kg/m2 1·12; 95 % CI 1·02, 1·23). Risk factors for underweight were: (1) moderate–high intensity Trichuris infection (OR 4·74; 95 % CI 1·99, 11·32); (2) age (OR6-month 1·22; 95 % CI 1·07, 1·38); (3) maternal education (secondary incomplete) (OR 2·92; 95 % CI 1·40, 6·12); and (4) decreasing maternal BMI (OR1 kg/m2 1·11; 95 % CI 1·02, 1·21). Risk factors for stunting were: (1) age (OR6-month 1·14; 95 % CI 1·02, 1·27) and (2) decreasing maternal height (OR1 cm 1·12; 95 % CI 1·06, 1·20). Overall, risk factors for malnutrition included both child and maternal determinants. Based on these data, locally appropriate and cost-effective dietary, de-worming and educational programmes should be targeted to mothers and preschool-age children.

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