scholarly journals Changes in dietary patterns from preconception to during pregnancy and its association with socio-demographic and lifestyle factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Dereje G. Gete ◽  
Michael Waller ◽  
Gita D. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Single Women ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Mixed Effect Models ◽  
Traditional Vegetable

Abstracts Objective: To examine dietary patterns changes from preconception to during pregnancy and their associations with socio-demographic and lifestyle factors. Design: This study used data from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (ALSWH), a population-based prospective cohort study. Women’s dietary patterns were assessed using Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) score and the four patterns obtained from the factor analysis (Western diets; vegetable and grains; traditional vegetable; and fruit patterns). Multivariable linear regression and repeated measures mixed-effect models were used. Setting: A national representative survey which covers all Australian citizens and permanent residents in Australia. Participants: 621 women were included from the ALSWH. Results: Women’s scores increased on the ‘HEI-2015’, ‘traditional vegetable’, and ‘fruit’ patterns while the ‘vegetable and grains’ decreased from preconception to during pregnancy. Women with higher education were more likely to increase their HEI-2015 score and fruit consumption from preconception to during pregnancy respectively (β= 2.31, 95%CI: 0.02, 4.60) and (β= 23.78, 95%CI: 4.58, 42.97), than those with lower educational status. Single women were more likely to increase the consumption of vegetables and grains compared to married women (β= 76.08, 95% CI: 20.83, 131.32). Women with higher income had a greater increase in the HEI-2015 score than those with lower income (β= 3.02, 95% CI: 0.21, 5.83). Conclusion: The findings indicate that there have been marked dietary changes from preconception to during pregnancy. Changes in healthy dietary patterns were influenced by education, marital status, and income.

scholarly journals 1456Changes in dietary patterns from preconception to during pregnancy and its association with socio-demographic factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dereje Gete ◽  
Michael Waller ◽  
Gita Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Traditional Vegetable ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Abstract Background Little is known about the changes in dietary patterns from preconception to during pregnancy, nor of their association with socio-demographic and lifestyle factors. This study, therefore, examined dietary patterns changes from preconception to during pregnancy and their associations with socio-demographic and lifestyle factors. Methods This study used data from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (ALSWH), a population-based prospective cohort study. Women’s dietary patterns were assessed using Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) score and the four patterns obtained from the factor analysis (meats, high-fats, and sugar; vegetable and grains; traditional vegetable; and fruit patterns). Multivariable linear regression and repeated measures mixed-effect models were used. Results Women’s scores increased on the ‘HEI-2015’, ‘traditional vegetable’, and ‘fruit’ patterns while the ‘vegetable and grains’ decreased from preconception to during pregnancy. Women with higher education were more likely to increase their HEI-2015 score and fruit consumption from preconception to during pregnancy respectively (β = 2.31, 95%CI: 0.02, 4.60) and (β = 23.78, 95%CI: 4.58, 42.97), than those with lower educational status. Single women were more likely to increase the consumption of vegetables and grains compared to married women (β = 76.08, 95% CI: 20.83, 131.32). Women with higher income had a greater increase in the HEI-2015 score than those with lower income (β = 3.02, 95% CI: 0.21, 5.83). Conclusion The findings indicate that there have been marked dietary changes from preconception to during pregnancy. Changes in healthy dietary patterns were influenced by education, marital status, and income. Key messages Early shaping of adequate dietary behaviours before pregnancy is very important for the mothers and their children's health since pre-conception diets have a critical role in placental and foetal tissue developments.

scholarly journals Association of a priori dietary patterns with depressive symptoms: a harmonised meta-analysis of observational studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 1872-1883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Nicolaou ◽  
Marco Colpo ◽  
Esther Vermeulen ◽  
Liset E. M. Elstgeest ◽  
Mieke Cabout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Depression Assessment

AbstractBackgroundReview findings on the role of dietary patterns in preventing depression are inconsistent, possibly due to variation in assessment of dietary exposure and depression. We studied the association between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms in six population-based cohorts and meta-analysed the findings using a standardised approach that defined dietary exposure, depression assessment and covariates.MethodsIncluded were cross-sectional data from 23 026 participants in six cohorts: InCHIANTI (Italy), LASA, NESDA, HELIUS (the Netherlands), ALSWH (Australia) and Whitehall II (UK). Analysis of incidence was based on three cohorts with repeated measures of depressive symptoms at 5–6 years of follow-up in 10 721 participants: Whitehall II, InCHIANTI, ALSWH. Three a priori dietary patterns, Mediterranean diet score (MDS), Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-2010), and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet were investigated in relation to depressive symptoms. Analyses at the cohort-level adjusted for a fixed set of confounders, meta-analysis used a random-effects model.ResultsCross-sectional and prospective analyses showed statistically significant inverse associations of the three dietary patterns with depressive symptoms (continuous and dichotomous). In cross-sectional analysis, the association of diet with depressive symptoms using a cut-off yielded an adjusted OR of 0.87 (95% confidence interval 0.84–0.91) for MDS, 0.93 (0.88–0.98) for AHEI-2010, and 0.94 (0.87–1.01) for DASH. Similar associations were observed prospectively: 0.88 (0.80–0.96) for MDS; 0.95 (0.84–1.06) for AHEI-2010; 0.90 (0.84–0.97) for DASH.ConclusionPopulation-scale observational evidence indicates that adults following a healthy dietary pattern have fewer depressive symptoms and lower risk of developing depressive symptoms.

scholarly journals Maternal Dietary Patterns during Third Trimester in Association with Birthweight Characteristics and Early Infant Growth

Scientifica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna K. Poon ◽  
Edwina Yeung ◽  
Nansi Boghossian ◽  
Paul S. Albert ◽  
Cuilin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Infant Growth ◽  
Early Infant ◽  
The Impact

Our analysis examined the impact of maternal dietary patterns and lifestyle factors on markers of fetal growth, specifically birthweight and size for gestational age (small- (SGA) or large-for-gestational age (LGA)). The Infant Feeding Practices Study II, a prospective cohort study, surveyed pregnant women during their 3rd trimester, of which a subgroup (n=893) completed a food frequency questionnaire. Maternal dietary patterns were evaluated by diet scores (Alternative Healthy Eating Index for Pregnancy and alternate Mediterranean diet) and by carbohydrate quality (glycemic index and glycemic load). Poisson regression with robust standard errors was used to examine the relative risk of SGA and separately LGA, with dietary patterns and other lifestyle factors. Linear regression was used to determine the association of birthweight and early infant growth with better dietary patterns. Relative risk of SGA and LGA was not associated with dietary patterns. Birthweight and infant growth were not associated with maternal diet. Smoking, however, increased the risk of delivering an SGA infant (RR = 2.92, 95% CI: 1.58–5.39), while higher prepregnancy BMI increased the risk of delivering an LGA infant (RR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.03–1.09). Future studies are needed to evaluate whether deficiencies in more specific maternal dietary nutrients play a role in fetal growth.

scholarly journals Association of Dietary Patterns and Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in Metabolically Homogeneous Subgroups in the KORA FF4 Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1684
Author(s):  
Nina Wawro ◽  
Giulia Pestoni ◽  
Anna Riedl ◽  
Taylor A. Breuninger ◽  
Annette Peters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Clinical Markers ◽  
Dietary Recommendations

There is evidence that a change in lifestyle, especially physical activity and diet, can reduce the risk of developing type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the response to dietary changes varies among individuals due to differences in metabolic characteristics. Therefore, we investigated the association between dietary patterns and T2DM while taking into account these differences. For 1287 participants of the population-based KORA FF4 study (Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg), we identified three metabolically-homogenous subgroups (metabotypes) using 16 clinical markers. Based on usual dietary intake data, two diet quality scores, the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), were calculated. We explored the associations between T2DM and diet quality scores. Multi-variable adjusted models, including metabotype subgroup, were fitted. In addition, analyses stratified by metabotype were carried out. We found significant interaction effects between metabotype and both diet quality scores (p < 0.05). In the analysis stratified by metabotype, significant negative associations between T2DM and both diet quality scores were detected only in the metabolically-unfavorable homogenous subgroup (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.39–0.90 for AHEI and OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.40–0.96 for MDS). Prospective studies taking metabotype into account are needed to confirm our results, which allow for the tailoring of dietary recommendations in the prevention of T2DM.

scholarly journals Inter-Individual Differences Explain More Variance in Conditioned Pain Modulation Than Age, Sex and Conditioning Stimulus Intensity Combined

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1186
Author(s):  
Philipp Graeff ◽  
Alina Itter ◽  
Katharina Wach ◽  
Ruth Ruscheweyh
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Conditioning Stimulus ◽  
Pain Modulation ◽  
Conditioned Pain Modulation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Mixed Effect Models ◽  
Endogenous Pain Modulation

Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) describes the reduction in pain evoked by a test stimulus (TS) when presented together with a heterotopic painful conditioning stimulus (CS). CPM has been proposed to reflect inter-individual differences in endogenous pain modulation, which may predict susceptibility for acute and chronic pain. Here, we aimed to estimate the relative variance in CPM explained by inter-individual differences compared to age, sex, and CS physical and pain intensity. We constructed linear and mixed effect models on pooled data from 171 participants of several studies, of which 97 had repeated measures. Cross-sectional analyses showed no significant effect of age, sex or CS intensity. Repeated measures analyses revealed a significant effect of CS physical intensity (p = 0.002) but not CS pain intensity (p = 0.159). Variance decomposition showed that inter-individual differences accounted for 24% to 34% of the variance in CPM while age, sex, and CS intensity together explained <3% to 12%. In conclusion, the variance in CPM explained by inter-individual differences largely exceeds that of commonly considered factors such as age, sex and CS intensity. This may explain why predictive capability of these factors has had conflicting results and suggests that future models investigating them should account for inter-individual differences.

scholarly journals Role of temperature, influenza and other local characteristics in seasonality of mortality: a population-based time-series study in Japan

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e044876
Author(s):  
Lina Madaniyazi ◽  
Chris Fook Sheng Ng ◽  
Xerxes Seposo ◽  
Michiko Toizumi ◽  
Lay-Myint Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Respiratory Mortality ◽  
Local Characteristics ◽  
Mixed Effect Models ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Series Study ◽  
Linear Mixed Effect Models

ObjectivesTo investigate the extent to which temperature and influenza explained seasonality of mortality in Japan and to examine the association of the seasonality with prefecture-specific characteristics.DesignWe conducted time-series analysis to estimate the seasonal amplitude before and after adjusting for temperature and/or influenza-like illness (ILI). Next, we applied linear mixed effect models to investigate the association of seasonal amplitudes with each indicator on prefecture-specific characteristics on climate, demographic and socioeconomic factors and adaptations.Setting47 prefectures in JapanParticipantsDeaths for all-cause, circulatory, and respiratory disease between 1999 and 2015.Outcome measuresPeak-to-trough ratio (PTR, a measure of seasonal amplitude).ResultsThe nationwide unadjusted-PTRs for all-cause, circulatory and respiratory mortality were 1.29 (95% CIs: 1.28 to 1.31), 1.55 (95% CI: 1.52 to 1.57) and 1.45 (95% CI: 1.43 to 1.48), respectively. These PTRs reduced substantially after adjusting for temperature but very little after a separate adjustment for ILI. Furthermore, seasonal amplitudes varied between prefectures. However, there was no strong evidence for the associations of PTR with the indicators on prefecture-specific characteristics.ConclusionsSeasonality of mortality is primarily driven by temperature in Japan. The spatial variation in seasonal amplitudes was not associated with prefecture-specific characteristics. Although further investigations are required to confirm our findings, this study can help us gain a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying seasonality of mortality.

scholarly journals Associations of Dietary Patterns with Incident Depression: The Maastricht Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1034
Author(s):  
Vincenza Gianfredi ◽  
Annemarie Koster ◽  
Anna Odone ◽  
Andrea Amerio ◽  
Carlo Signorelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Patient Health

Our aim was to assess the association between a priori defined dietary patterns and incident depressive symptoms. We used data from The Maastricht Study, a population-based cohort study (n = 2646, mean (SD) age 59.9 (8.0) years, 49.5% women; 15,188 person-years of follow-up). Level of adherence to the Dutch Healthy Diet (DHD), Mediterranean Diet, and Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension (DASH) were derived from a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline and annually over seven-year-follow-up (using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire). We used Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to assess the association between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms. One standard deviation (SD) higher adherence in the DHD and DASH was associated with a lower hazard ratio (HR) of depressive symptoms with HRs (95%CI) of 0.78 (0.69–0.89) and 0.87 (0.77–0.98), respectively, after adjustment for sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk factors. After further adjustment for lifestyle factors, the HR per one SD higher DHD was 0.83 (0.73–0.96), whereas adherence to Mediterranean and DASH diets was not associated with incident depressive symptoms. Higher adherence to the DHD lowered risk of incident depressive symptoms. Adherence to healthy diet could be an effective non-pharmacological preventive measure to reduce the incidence of depression.

scholarly journals Mediterranean Diet and Healthy Eating in Subjects with Prediabetes from the Mollerussa Prospective Observational Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Mireia Falguera ◽  
Esmeralda Castelblanco ◽  
Marina Idalia Rojo-López ◽  
Maria Belén Vilanova ◽  
Jordi Real ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Multivariable Analyses

We aimed to assess differences in dietary patterns (i.e., Mediterranean diet and healthy eating indexes) between participants with prediabetes and those with normal glucose tolerance. Secondarily, we analyzed factors related to prediabetes and dietary patterns. This was a cross-sectional study design. From a sample of 594 participants recruited in the Mollerussa study cohort, a total of 535 participants (216 with prediabetes and 319 with normal glucose tolerance) were included. The alternate Mediterranean Diet score (aMED) and the alternate Healthy Eating Index (aHEI) were calculated. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were performed. There was no difference in the mean aMED and aHEI scores between groups (3.2 (1.8) in the normoglycemic group and 3.4 (1.8) in the prediabetes group, p = 0.164 for the aMED and 38.6 (7.3) in the normoglycemic group and 38.7 (6.7) in the prediabetes group, p = 0.877 for the aHEI, respectively). Nevertheless, women had a higher mean of aMED and aHEI scores in the prediabetes group (3.7 (1.9), p = 0.001 and 40.5 (6.9), p < 0.001, respectively); moreover, they had a higher mean of aHEI in the group with normoglycemia (39.8 (6.6); p = 0.001). No differences were observed in daily food intake between both study groups; consistent with this finding, we did not find major differences in nutrient intake between groups. In the multivariable analyses, the aMED and aHEI were not associated with prediabetes (odds ratio (OR): 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.75–1.87; p = 0.460 and OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 0.83–2.10; p = 0.246, respectively); however, age (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02–1.05; p < 0.001), dyslipidemia (OR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.27–3.22; p = 0.003) and body mass index (BMI) (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.05–1.14; p < 0.001) were positively associated with prediabetes. Physical activity was associated with a lower frequency of prediabetes (OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.31–0.72; p = 0.001). In conclusion, subjects with prediabetes did not show a different dietary pattern compared with a normal glucose tolerance group. However, further research is needed on this issue.

scholarly journals Association between socioeconomic status and self-reported, tested and diagnosed COVID-19 status during the first wave in the Northern Netherlands: a general population-based cohort from 49 474 adults

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e048020
Author(s):  
Yinjie Zhu ◽  
Ming-Jie Duan ◽  
Hermien H. Dijk ◽  
Roel D. Freriks ◽  
Louise H. Dekker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
General Population ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Tv Watching

ObjectivesStudies in clinical settings showed a potential relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and lifestyle factors with COVID-19, but it is still unknown whether this holds in the general population. In this study, we investigated the associations of SES with self-reported, tested and diagnosed COVID-19 status in the general population.Design, setting, participants and outcome measuresParticipants were 49 474 men and women (46±12 years) residing in the Northern Netherlands from the Lifelines cohort study. SES indicators and lifestyle factors (i.e., smoking status, physical activity, alcohol intake, diet quality, sleep time and TV watching time) were assessed by questionnaire from the Lifelines Biobank. Self-reported, tested and diagnosed COVID-19 status was obtained from the Lifelines COVID-19 questionnaire.ResultsThere were 4711 participants who self-reported having had a COVID-19 infection, 2883 participants tested for COVID-19, and 123 positive cases were diagnosed in this study population. After adjustment for age, sex, lifestyle factors, body mass index and ethnicity, we found that participants with low education or low income were less likely to self-report a COVID-19 infection (OR [95% CI]: low education 0.78 [0.71 to 0.86]; low income 0.86 [0.79 to 0.93]) and be tested for COVID-19 (OR [95% CI]: low education 0.58 [0.52 to 0.66]; low income 0.86 [0.78 to 0.95]) compared with high education or high income groups, respectively.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the low SES group was the most vulnerable population to self-reported and tested COVID-19 status in the general population.

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