Life expectancy and life energy according to Evo-SETI theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Maccone

AbstractThis paper is profoundly innovative for the Evo-SETI (Evolution and SETI) mathematical theory. While this author's previous papers were all based on the notion of a b-lognormal, that is a probability density function in the time describing one's life between birth and ‘senility’ (the descending inflexion point), in this paper the b-lognormals range between birth and peak only, while a descending parabola covers the lifespan after the peak and down to death. The resulting finite curve in time is called a LOGPAR, a nickname for ‘b-LOGnormal and PARabola’. The advantage of such a formulation is that three variables only (birth, peak and death) are sufficient to describe the whole Evo-SETI theory and the senility is discarded forever and so is the normalization condition of b-lognormals: only the shape of the b-lognormals is kept between birth and peak, but not its normalization condition.In addition, further advantages exist:1) The notion of ENERGY becomes part of Evo-SETI theory. This is in addition to the notion of ENTROPY already contained in the theory as the Shannon Information Entropy of b-lognormals, as it was explored in this author's previous papers. Actually, the LOGPAR may now be regarded as a POWER CURVE, i.e. a curve expressing the power of the living being to which it refers. And this power is to be understood both in the strict sense of physics (i.e. a curve measured in Watts) and in the loose sense of ‘political power’ if the logpar refers to a Civilization.Then the integral in the time of this power curve is, of course, the ENERGY either absorbed or produced by the physical phenomenon that the LOGPAR is describing in the time. For instance, if the logpar shows the time evolution of the Sun over about 10 billion years, the integral of such a curve is the energy produced by the Sun over the whole of its lifetime. Or, if the logpar describes the life of a man, the integral is the energy that this man must use in order to live.2) The PRINCIPLE OF LEAST ENERGY, reminiscent of the Principle of Least Action, i.e. the key stone to all Physics, also enters now into the Evo-SETI Theory by virtue of the so-called LOGPAR HISTORY FORMULAE, expressing the b-lognormal's mu and sigma directly in terms of the three only inputs b, p, d. The optimization of the lifetime of a living creature, or of a Civilization, or of a star, is obtained by setting to zero the first derivative of the area under the logpar power curve with respect to sigma. That yields the best value of both mu and sigma fulfilling the Principle of Least Energy for Evo-SETI Theory.3) We also derive for the first time a few more mathematical equations related to the ‘adolescence’ (or ‘puberty’) time, i.e. the time when the living organism acquires the capability of producing offsprings. This time is defined as the abscissa of ascending inflection point of the b-lognormal between birth and peak. In addition, we prove that the straight line parallel to the time axis and departing from the puberty time comes to mean the ‘Fertility Span’ in between puberty and the EOF (End-Of-Fertility time), which is where the above straight line intersects the descending parabola. All these new results apply well to the description of Man as the living creature to which our Evo-SETI mathematical theory perfectly applies.In conclusion, this paper really breaks new mathematical ground in Evo-SETI Theory, thus paving the way to further applications of the theory to Astrobiology and SETI.

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1565) ◽  
pp. 697-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dacke ◽  
M. J. Byrne ◽  
E. Baird ◽  
C. H. Scholtz ◽  
E. J. Warrant

Prominent in the sky, but not visible to humans, is a pattern of polarized skylight formed around both the Sun and the Moon. Dung beetles are, at present, the only animal group known to use the much dimmer polarization pattern formed around the Moon as a compass cue for maintaining travel direction. However, the Moon is not visible every night and the intensity of the celestial polarization pattern gradually declines as the Moon wanes. Therefore, for nocturnal orientation on all moonlit nights, the absolute sensitivity of the dung beetle's polarization detector may limit the precision of this behaviour. To test this, we studied the straight-line foraging behaviour of the nocturnal ball-rolling dung beetle Scarabaeus satyrus to establish when the Moon is too dim—and the polarization pattern too weak—to provide a reliable cue for orientation. Our results show that celestial orientation is as accurate during crescent Moon as it is during full Moon. Moreover, this orientation accuracy is equal to that measured for diurnal species that orient under the 100 million times brighter polarization pattern formed around the Sun. This indicates that, in nocturnal species, the sensitivity of the optical polarization compass can be greatly increased without any loss of precision.


Author(s):  
Enhui Zhang

Oil liquid sloshing is a normal physical phenomenon in fuel tank under variable conditions of vehicles. Installing baffles in fuel tank is an effective method to suppress oil liquid sloshing. The influence of different baffle shapes on the pressure of oil liquid sloshing and time-area value is the focus of this work. Four factors influencing the baffle shape and baffles of six different shapes are provided in this research. The pressure history curves of oil liquid sloshing at the central point and on the central line, the history curves of velocity of oil liquid mass and volume, oil liquid pressure contours, and the position diagrams of free oil liquid surface were obtained and compared in fuel tanks with baffles of different shapes. Compared with the sloshing pressure of oil liquid and time-area values in fuel tanks with baffles of different shapes, the sloshing pressure of oil liquid at the central point is the smallest in fuel tank with baffles of corrugated shape, and the sloshing pressure of oil liquid on the central line is the smallest in fuel tank with baffles of straight-line shape. However, the baffles of corrugated shape are most beneficial to reduce time-area values.


2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1636) ◽  
pp. 20130036 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dacke ◽  
Basil el Jundi ◽  
Jochen Smolka ◽  
Marcus Byrne ◽  
Emily Baird

Recent research has focused on the different types of compass cues available to ball-rolling beetles for orientation, but little is known about the relative precision of each of these cues and how they interact. In this study, we find that the absolute orientation error of the celestial compass of the day-active dung beetle Scarabaeus lamarcki doubles from 16° at solar elevations below 60° to an error of 29° at solar elevations above 75°. As ball-rolling dung beetles rely solely on celestial compass cues for their orientation, these insects experience a large decrease in orientation precision towards the middle of the day. We also find that in the compass system of dung beetles, the solar cues and the skylight cues are used together and share the control of orientation behaviour. Finally, we demonstrate that the relative influence of the azimuthal position of the sun for straight-line orientation decreases as the sun draws closer to the horizon. In conclusion, ball-rolling dung beetles possess a dynamic celestial compass system in which the orientation precision and the relative influence of the solar compass cues change over the course of the day.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junghoon Chae ◽  
Debsindhu Bhowmik ◽  
Heng Ma ◽  
Arvind Ramanathan ◽  
Chad Steed

AbstractMolecular Dynamics (MD) simulation have been emerging as an excellent candidate for understanding complex atomic and molecular scale mechanism of bio-molecules that control essential bio-physical phenomenon in a living organism. But this MD technique produces large-size and long-timescale data that are inherently high-dimensional and occupies many terabytes of data. Processing this immense amount of data in a meaningful way is becoming increasingly difficult. Therefore, specific dimensionality reduction algorithm using deep learning technique has been employed here to embed the high-dimensional data in a lower-dimension latent space that still preserves the inherent molecular characteristics i.e. retains biologically meaningful information. Subsequently, the results of the embedding models are visualized for model evaluation and analysis of the extracted underlying features. However, most of the existing visualizations for embeddings have limitations in evaluating the embedding models and understanding the complex simulation data. We propose an interactive visual analytics system for embeddings of MD simulations to not only evaluate and explain an embedding model but also analyze various characteristics of the simulations. Our system enables exploration and discovery of meaningful and semantic embedding results and supports the understanding and evaluation of results by the quantitatively described features of the MD simulations (even without specific labels).


2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 456-462
Author(s):  
Irina Troyanovskaya ◽  
A. Zhakov ◽  
O. Grebenshchikova ◽  
S. Voinash ◽  
E. Timofeev

The discrepancy between the plow width and the tractor width leads to the asymmetry of plowing units. The geometry of the plowshare surface of the moldboard plow contributes to the generation of lateral forces on the working tool. All this leads to the imbalance of the tool and the deviation of the tractor from straight-line movement during plowing. To maintain straight-line movement, the driver has to adjust the machine every 5-10 meters, which is highly tiresome. To study the causes of lateral slips of the plowing unit, we constructed a mathematical model, which consists of the equations of controlled movement and equations of the tractor's uncontrolled shear under the action of external forces from the plow. The description of the force interaction of the drive with the ground is based on the mathematical theory of friction, taking into account anisotropy and elastic properties in contact. Based on the passive shear model, we constructed a hodograph diagram of the maximum tractor shear force from the side of the working tool. We found that the shear force reaches its maximum friction value only in the case of a translational shear, when its line of action passes through the tractor's center of gravity. In all other cases, the shift (slip) of the tractor is caused by a lower force. We formulated the features and assumptions of the model as applied to caterpillar and wheeled tractors. As a result, we found that, regardless of the direction of the lateral displacement of the plow's traction resistance, the tractor is slipped towards the plowed field. The result of the numerical experiment showed that the main reason for the slip of the wheeled plowing unit is the difference in soils along the sides of the tractor but not the deviation of the plow traction resistance.


2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yoshida ◽  
H. Yamagishi

Abstract. It is shown that the monthly smoothed sunspot number (SSN) or its rate of decrease during the final years of a solar cycle is correlated with the amplitude of the succeeding cycle. Based on this relationship, the amplitude of solar cycle 24 is predicted to be 84.5±23.9, assuming that the monthly smoothed SSN reached its minimum in December 2008. It is further shown that the monthly SSN in the three-year period from 2006 through 2008 is well correlated with the monthly average of the intensity of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). This correlation indicates that the SSN in the final years of a solar cycle is a good proxy for the IMF, which is understood to reflect the magnetic field in the corona of the sun, and the IMF is expected to be smallest at the solar minimum. We believe that this finding illuminates a physical meaning underlying the well-known precursor method for forecasting the amplitude of the next solar cycle using the aa index at the solar minimum or its average value in the decaying phase of the solar cycle (e.g. Ohl, 1966), since it is known that the geomagnetic disturbance depends strongly on the intensity of the IMF. That is, the old empirical method is considered to be based on the fact that the intensity of the coronal magnetic field decreases in the late phase of a solar cycle in parallel with the SSN. It seems that the precursor method proposed by Schatten et al. (1978) and Svalgaard et al. (2005), which uses the intensity of the polar magnetic field of the sun several years before a solar minimum, is also based on the same physical phenomenon, but seen from a different angle.


1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 345-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Dybczyński ◽  
P. Kankiewicz

AbstractClose approaches of stars to the Solar System perturb comets from the Oort cloud so that they pass into the planetary system − the gravitational impulse changes the distribution of observable comets. This paper presents the results of calculations of the motion of stars in the solar neighbourhood in the past and future. The main results for each star are: the time of the encounter and the minimum distance between the Sun and the star. They are calculated using three different methods: a straight line motion model, a model with a Sun − star Keplerian interaction, and the numerical integration of the equations of motion with galactic perturbations included. In the last case, two models of the Galactic potential are used: a simplified potential of the Galactic disk and the more complex potential of the Galaxy by Dauphole and Colin. Coordinates and velocities of nearby stars are taken from several different catalogues: the Gliese catalogue, the Hipparcos catalogue, and the Barbier-Brossat catalogue of Radial Velocities.


2000 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 619-622
Author(s):  
T.S. Kozhanov ◽  
Nizyarov N.

Let a planet perform translational and rotational motions in the field of solar attraction. Let’s assume that the observer on the surface of the planet, knows (even approximately) an orbit and variations of orientation. It is necessary to clarify the motion of the instanteous rotation axis on the planet’s surface from the observer’s point of view on the planet’s surface.1. The coordinate system, to describe the translational and rotational motions of planets around the Sun we shall take into account the properties of orbits of solar system planets, namely: 1)All planets move in the same direction as the Sun revolves.2)At the present time, from June until December the Earth’s inhabitants see the north pole of the Sun and during the second half of year the southern one (Beleckei 1975, Menzel 1959).


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1637
Author(s):  
Christiane Richter ◽  
Bernd Teichert ◽  
Karel Pavelka

As in many regions of the world, astronomy also played a major role in the ancient Peruvian cultures. However, the discussion of the astronomical relevance of the Nasca geoglyphs is very controversial. A really precise and extensive investigation of astronomical phenomena has not yet taken place; the necessary data were simply missing. In the Nasca project Dresden, these data have been recorded in recent years and stored in an Oracle database. In the very first step, all geoglyphs with an astronomical orientation documented by Maria Reiche were checked and verified. Subsequently, all lines of the entity “straight line” were systematically examined with regard to the celestial bodies of the Sun and bright stars. For this purpose, on the one hand, the ellipsoidal azimuths of all straight lines were calculated and, on the other hand, the elevation angles in relation to the horizon with the help of digital terrain models (DTM) were determined. Corrections for refraction, the curvature of the Earth, visibility and atmospheric disturbances were largely considered. The azimuths of the celestial bodies during the Nasca period were calculated with software developed in-house (theses by students) and compared with those of the lines. As a result, it was possible to establish that there are individual straight lines that are aligned with the Sun and the seven randomly selected bright stars. However, the number of hits found does not justify the theory that the Nasca Pampas are an astronomical calendar system.


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