scholarly journals Astronomical Investigation to Verify the Calendar Theory of the Nasca Lines

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1637
Author(s):  
Christiane Richter ◽  
Bernd Teichert ◽  
Karel Pavelka
Keyword(s):  
The Sun ◽  
Oracle Database ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Terrain Models ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Atmospheric Disturbances ◽  
Astronomical Calendar ◽  
Celestial Bodies ◽  
The One ◽  
Straight Lines

As in many regions of the world, astronomy also played a major role in the ancient Peruvian cultures. However, the discussion of the astronomical relevance of the Nasca geoglyphs is very controversial. A really precise and extensive investigation of astronomical phenomena has not yet taken place; the necessary data were simply missing. In the Nasca project Dresden, these data have been recorded in recent years and stored in an Oracle database. In the very first step, all geoglyphs with an astronomical orientation documented by Maria Reiche were checked and verified. Subsequently, all lines of the entity “straight line” were systematically examined with regard to the celestial bodies of the Sun and bright stars. For this purpose, on the one hand, the ellipsoidal azimuths of all straight lines were calculated and, on the other hand, the elevation angles in relation to the horizon with the help of digital terrain models (DTM) were determined. Corrections for refraction, the curvature of the Earth, visibility and atmospheric disturbances were largely considered. The azimuths of the celestial bodies during the Nasca period were calculated with software developed in-house (theses by students) and compared with those of the lines. As a result, it was possible to establish that there are individual straight lines that are aligned with the Sun and the seven randomly selected bright stars. However, the number of hits found does not justify the theory that the Nasca Pampas are an astronomical calendar system.

scholarly journals Apport Des Images ETM+ Et Du Modèle Numérique De Terrain (MNT) A La Cartographie Des Fractures En Région Montagneuse : Secteur De Timia (Massif De l’Aïr, Nord Du Niger)

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Illias Alhassane ◽  
Abdou Babaye Maman Sani ◽  
Sandao Issoufou ◽  
Saley Mahaman Bachir ◽  
Ousmane Boureima
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Linear Mapping ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fractured Aquifer ◽  
Directional Filtering ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Terrain Models ◽  
The One ◽  
Modèle Numérique De Terrain

Timia is located at the Aïr massifs region. This locality, which is the substratum that constituted the basement formations, has some difficulty of water supply. This present study focuses on fractures mapping to acquire the best knowledge of the fractured aquifer in Timia zone. The methodological approach is based on landsat7 image processing and DEM, especially directional filtering and shaded digital terrain models. These diverse processing has shown complementarity between the satellites images and DEM in linear mapping on the one hand and in establishing a lineaments map on the other hand. The lineament map showed that the fractures network is distributed in the following directions: N0°-N10°, N140°-N170°, N 70°- N100°, and N30°-N50°. These fractures map, which was allowed to increase the density of faults from the previous studies, were used to actualize hydrogeological knowledge and in determining the favorable sites for drilling boreholes in Timia locality.

scholarly journals Gudernes rum og menneskenes univers. I de mayatalende lakandoneres verdenssyn

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Odile Marion
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Symbolic Representations ◽  
Social Forms ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cosmic Space ◽  
Celestial Bodies ◽  
The One

In their mythology, the Lacandons - Indians living in the rain forest of Chiapas, Mexico - conceptualise a tripartite space of heaven, earth, and the underworld. The Lacandons perceive themselves as placed by the gods in the middle of a cosmic space that is created, delimitated and controlled by the two great celestial bodies: the couple of sun and moon. Through a detailed analysis of the symbolic representations of the sun and the gods of wind and rain, it is shown how all the most important features of the Lacandon universe is thought of as the outcome of complex interactions between solar and lunar principles. On the one hand, the workings of the sun (male) and the moon (female) create and recreate the essential qualities of the meteorological, climatic, and ecological spaces that constrain the forms of productive life. On the other hand, the Indians conceptualise the opposition, the alternation, and the complimentarity that characterise the relations between sun and moon as homological to the social forms of Lacandon reproduction. The ambivalent, complex, and multifacetted dialectics of lunar and solar principles reveal that cosmic equilibrium centres round the male-female bipolarity. It is argued that although the male qualities of the sun are considered higher and dominant, it is in faet the mythic image of the moon that metaphorises stability, completeness and totality.

scholarly journals Mangroves facing climate change: landward migration potential in response to projected scenarios of sea level rise

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 857-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Di Nitto ◽  
G. Neukermans ◽  
N. Koedam ◽  
H. Defever ◽  
F. Pattyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Terrain Models ◽  
Migration Potential ◽  
The One

Abstract. Mangrove forests prominently occupy an intertidal boundary position where the effects of sea level rise will be fast and well visible. This study in East Africa (Gazi Bay, Kenya) addresses the question of whether mangroves can be resilient to a rise in sea level by focusing on their potential to migrate towards landward areas. The combinatory analysis between remote sensing, DGPS-based ground truth and digital terrain models (DTM) unveils how real vegetation assemblages can shift under different projected (minimum (+9 cm), relative (+20 cm), average (+48 cm) and maximum (+88 cm)) scenarios of sea level rise (SLR). Under SLR scenarios up to 48 cm by the year 2100, the landward extension remarkably implies an area increase for each of the dominant mangrove assemblages except for Avicennia marina and Ceriops tagal, both on the landward side. On the one hand, the increase in most species in the first three scenarios, including the socio-economically most important species in this area, Rhizophora mucronata and C. tagal on the seaward side, strongly depends on the colonisation rate of these species. On the other hand, a SLR scenario of +88 cm by the year 2100 indicates that the area flooded only by equinoctial tides strongly decreases due to the topographical settings at the edge of the inhabited area. Consequently, the landward Avicennia-dominated assemblages will further decrease as a formation if they fail to adapt to a more frequent inundation. The topography is site-specific; however non-invadable areas can be typical for many mangrove settings.

scholarly journals The outer forts of Caricin grad: Visualisation of digital terrain models and interpretation

Starinar ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 297-317
Author(s):  
Vujadin Ivanisevic ◽  
Ivan Bugarski ◽  
Aleksandar Stamenkovic
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Digital Terrain Models ◽  
Engineering Project ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Terrain Models ◽  
New Information ◽  
Geophysical Surveys ◽  
The One ◽  
And Function

The erection of a new polis, Justiniana Prima, on the site of Caricin Grad, was part of a larger engineering project in a rural hilly setting of the western areas of Dacia Mediterranea, which had also included the construction of nearby fortlets. The article presents LiDAR data which has provided new information related to their ground-plan and dimensions. Located in a 12 km? area around the metropolis, St Elias, Kuliste-Jezero and Gornje Gradiste in Svinjarica were LiDAR scanned in 2011, while the Sekicol fort, with its 4 km? surroundings, was subjected to the same technology in 2015. Our analysis of the outer fortifications of Justiniana Prima is based on a visualisation of the obtained digital terrain models and field observations; in the case of the St Elias fort, we also used the results of the 1976 excavations. These fortlets had manifold functions. On the one hand, they overlooked the approaches to the city and its infrastructure - Kuliste-Jezero was a watchtower - and on the other, they also served as shelters for the local population - refugia. In the middle of the St Elias fort there was a large three-nave church; this may well have been a fortified monastery. Future research of these forts should provide more detailed information on their chronology and function, complement the outstanding results of the LiDAR and geophysical surveys, and contribute to a better understanding of Justiniana Prima itself.

scholarly journals Bioinspired sprawling robotic leg and a path-planning procedure

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 172988141875988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Juárez-Campos ◽  
Diego A Núñez-Altamirano ◽  
Lucia Márquez-Pérez ◽  
Leonardo Romero-Muñoz ◽  
M Eunice Juárez-Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Path Planning ◽  
Walking Machine ◽  
Walking Gait ◽  
Rotation Center ◽  
Convex Curves ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Planning Procedure ◽  
The One ◽  
Straight Lines ◽  
Robotic Leg

This article shows the characteristics of a sprawling robotic leg inspired by the limb postures of certain reptilian animals known as sprawling-legged creatures. The main part of the robotic limb is based on the eight-bar Peaucellier–Lipkin linkage, and its main attribute is the ability to trace a true straight line, due to the rotational motion of the input link. However, when the eight-bar linkage is modified, it is capable of tracing true circular concave or convex arcs, when two of its constitutive links have distinct and precise lengths. This gives rise to the concepts of concavity and convexity, related to a robotic leg based on the Peaucellier–Lipkin mechanism, such as the one described herein. Our bioinspired robotic leg can trace concave or convex curves, as well as straight lines, making it a reptile-like robotic limb that is very similar to the natural one. We also introduce the concept of rotation center tuning, which refers to the ability of the leg to adapt its posture to the center of rotation of the entire walking machine, resulting in an easy and suitable gait process. The theoretical information is illustrated through the simulation of an example that provides a path-planning procedure, focusing on the rotation center tuning process and a walking gait. The example also includes the design of an elliptical path projected onto the cylindrical workspace and followed by the reptilian foot.

scholarly journals III.—On the Extension of Brouncker's Method to the Comparison of Several Magnitudes.

1870 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Edward Sang
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Exact Science ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Straight Lines

The discovery of those numbers which shall, either truly or approximately, represent the ratio of two magnitudes, necessarily attracted the attention of the earliest cultivators of exact science. The definition of the equality of ratios given in Euclid's compilation clearly exposes the nature of the process used in his time. This process consisted in repeating each of the two magnitudes until some multiple of the one agreed perfectly or nearly with a multiple of the other; the numbers of the repetitions, taken in inverse order, represented the ratio. Thus, if the proposed magnitudes were two straight lines, Euclid would have opened two pairs of compasses, one to each distance, and, beginning at some point in an indefinite straight line, he would step the two distances along, bringing up that which lagged behind, until he obtained an exact or a close coincidence.

Automatic Tread Gaging Machine

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
G. S. Ludwig ◽  
F. C. Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Automatic Machine ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Handling Device ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Component Systems ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Good Repeatability ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Straight Lines

Abstract An automatic tread gaging machine has been developed. It consists of three component systems: (1) a laser gaging head, (2) a tire handling device, and (3) a computer that controls the movement of the tire handling machine, processes the data, and computes the least-squares straight line from which a wear rate may be estimated. Experimental tests show that the machine has good repeatability. In comparisons with measurements obtained by a hand gage, the automatic machine gives smaller average groove depths. The difference before and after a period of wear for both methods of measurement are the same. Wear rates estimated from the slopes of straight lines fitted to both sets of data are not significantly different.

Theoretical accuracy of the last squares method in the isotope dilution analysis

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-820
Author(s):  
Ján Klas
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Isotope Dilution ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Isotope Dilution Analysis ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Parameter ◽  
Theoretical Accuracy

The accuracy of the least squares method in the isotope dilution analysis is studied using two models, viz a model of a two-parameter straight line and a model of a one-parameter straight line.The equations for the direct and the inverse isotope dilution methods are transformed into linear coordinates, and the intercept and slope of the two-parameter straight line and the slope of the one-parameter straight line are evaluated and treated.

Dombey and Son

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Dickens ◽  
Dennis Walder
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Future ◽  
Original Illustrations ◽  
The One

Dombey and Son ... Those three words conveyed the one idea of Mr. Dombey's life. The earth was made for Dombey and Son to trade in, and the sun and moon were made to give them light.' The hopes of Mr Dombey for the future of his shipping firm are centred on his delicate son Paul, and Florence, his devoted daughter, is unloved and neglected. When the firm faces ruin, and Dombey's second marriage ends in disaster, only Florence has the strength and humanity to save her father from desolate solitude. This new edition contains Dickens's prefaces, his working plans, and all the original illustrations by ‘Phiz’. The text is that of the definitive Clarendon edition. It has been supplemented by a wide-ranging Introduction, highlighting Dickens's engagement with his times, and the touching exploration of family relationships which give the novel added depth and relevance.

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