Polly wants a Doha deal: what does the trade community think?

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICK MESSERLIN ◽  
ERIK VAN DER MAREL
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Think Tanks ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Doha Round ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Open Discussion ◽  
Key Questions

After ten years of negotiations, the Doha ‘Round is on the verge of collapse. At this difficult juncture, it is interesting to get a sense of the mood and thinking of the trade community on three key questions1:1.How serious is the situation?2.What are the causes of the current stalemate?3.What are the best solution(s)Two recent fora give an opportunity to analyze the answers of 71 observers to these questions at a crucial time, namely the month preceding the collapse of expectations that Doha might be completed by the end of 2011 (from April 1 to May 2, 2011). The CUTS Trade Forum (2011) triggered by Jagdish Bhagwati's op.ed. ‘Polly Wants a Doha Deal’ offered an open discussion forum where the 57 self-selected respondents could make their remarks with no pre-established format. The VoxEU (2011) e-book ‘Why World Leaders Must Resist the False Promise of a Doha Delay’ gathered short chapters written by 14 authors chosen by the e-book editors and willing to contribute. The respondents (all of them with a long experience in trade matters) include academics (25), former and current negotiators (9), lawyers (4), journalists (3), business (3), national civil servants (2) and trade policy experts (25 in total, of whom six are working in international institutions and nine in think tanks). Participants came from all continents: Africa (1), Asia (6), Europe (23), North America (15), Latin America (6), with a few countries particularly well represented (11 from the USA, 4 from Canada, 3 from Australia). The 17 respondents based in Geneva represent a wide range of nationalities.

Putting Latin American Debt to Work: A Positive Role for the US

1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
L. Ronald Scheman ◽  
Norman A. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Free Fall ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
The People ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Government

The long anticipated collapse of the economies of Latin America is already underway. The facts:•In Argentina, the currency devalued over 1,000% in less than four months and was close to a free fall as the Central Bank has no resources to stabilize the market and riots wracked provincial cities.•Brazil approaches hyperinflation now running at close to 1,000% as the government has given up on trying to curb inflation through traditional means and resorted to extensive indexing to enable the people to cope.

U.S. Military Assistance to Latin America: An Assessment

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Baines
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Military Assistance ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Internal Security ◽  
Assistance Programs ◽  
Military Regimes ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the nature of the U.S. Military Assistance Program (MAP) to Latin America and the historical development of the Military Assistance Program in the hemisphere. It further analyzes this program with regard to the two major criticisms levelled at it:(1)that Military Assistance Programs have perpetuated “militarism” in the form of military coups and strong-man military regimes; and(2)that Military Assistance Programs have encouraged large military forces where they are not needed.Changes in U.S. policy toward Latin America are noted as they affect MAP—i.e., the shift in U.S. policy from one of fostering hemispheric defense to one of promoting internal security and economic development. Finally, an assessment of the impact of this change in U.S. military assistance policy forms the conclusion of this paper.

scholarly journals Wolf-Rayet Phenomena

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 3-22
Author(s):  
P. S. Conti
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Spectrum ◽  
Emission Lines ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Balmer Series ◽  
Intrinsic Absorption ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Emission Line Spectrum ◽  
Hydrogen Lines ◽  
Future Work

I have been asked to review in broad terms the concept of Wolf-Rayet (W-R) phenomena, that is, to outline what we currently know about the properties of stars showing such phenomena and to indicate the directions in which future work is leading. I thought I would begin by listing the characteristics of W-R spectra to which probably all the participants at this Symposium will be able to agree. These can readily be adapted from Thomas (1968) who discussed them at the Boulder W-R Symposium. The characteristics of W-R spectra are as follows: (1)They are primarily an emission line spectrum superimposed on a “hot” continuous spectrum.(2)P Cygni absorption components are observed for some lines in some stars; a fact not realized in 1968 was that a very few W-R stars have intrinsic absorption lines (e.g. The Balmer series in HD 92740 — Niemela (1973).(3)The emission lines represent a wide range of excitation and ionization. This level is often higher than indicated by simple modeling of the continuous spectrum.(4)The emission lines are broad, corresponding to widths of hundreds to thousands of kilometers per second; widths often differ among various ions in the same star.(5)The W-R stars can be divided into two subtypes: These are the WN types, in which the ions of nitrogen dominate, and the WC types, in which the ions of carbon (and oxygen) dominate. Both sub-types have strong lines of helium; in a few cases, hydrogen lines, in emission, are also observed (Underbill 1968).

scholarly journals Radio Observations of Moderately Compact Steep Spectrum Sources

1989 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 537-538
Author(s):  
Chidi Akujor ◽  
I.W.A. Browne ◽  
P.N. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Radio Galaxies ◽  
Radio Spectrum ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Radio Observations ◽  
Radio Structure ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Compact Sources

It is now common practice for objects with a steep radio spectrum and compact radio structure to be lumped together and called compact steep spectrum (CSS) sources (Peacock and Wall, 1982; van Breugel, 1984 Fanti et al. 1985). This rather arbitrary categorisation results in the class containing sources with a wide range of structures, from core-jet or complex (e.g. 3C147,3C48), small classical doubles (e.g. 3C237, 3C241), to VLBI compact doubles (e.g. CTD93; Phillips and Mutel, 1982). Some of the questions we are asking include: (a)Are compact sources intrinsically small, or do they appear small because they are seen in projection?(b)Why are structures in compact radio galaxies and compact radio quasars different? Wilkinson et al. (1984) and Spencer et al (1988, in preparation)have shown that there appears to be a ‘clear-cut’ difference in morphology between quasar CSS and galaxy CSS, with quasars showing more distortions while galaxies tend to be doubles. But is this trend present even in their slightly more-extended counterparts?

scholarly journals A comparison of DSM and ICD classifications of mental disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Tyrer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Learning Objectives ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Behavioural Disorders ◽  
Major Player ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Research Classification

SummaryMost disorders in medicine are classified using the ICD (initiated in Paris in 1900). Mental and behavioural disorders are classified using the DSM (DSM-I was published in the USA in 1952), but it was not until DSM-III in 1980 that it became a major player. Its success was largely influenced by Robert Spitzer, who welded its disparate elements, and Melvyn Shabsin, who facilitated its acceptance. Spitzer pointed out that most diagnostic conditions in psychiatry were poorly defined, showed poor reliability in test-retest situations, and were temporally unstable. The consequence was that the beliefs of the psychiatrist seemed to matter much more than the characteristics of the patient when it came to classification. Since DSM-III there has been a split between those who adhere to DSM because it is a better research classification and those who adhere to ICD because it allows more clinical discretion in making diagnoses. This article discusses the pros and cons of both systems, and the major criticisms that have been levelled against them.LEARNING OBJECTIVESUnderstand the principles and reasoning behind classification in medicine and psychiatry.Be able to describe the recent history of psychiatric classification.Be able to compare DSM and ICD classifications of mental disorder.

Consensus Found, Consensus Lost: Disjunctures in US Policy Toward Latin America at the Turn of the Century

1997 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard J. Wiarda
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Fair Trade ◽  
Us Foreign Policy ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Open Markets

After the great ideological debates of the 1970s and 1980s and the domestic “war” (there is no better term) over Central America policy, a quite remarkable consensus had emerged in the 1990s regarding United States policy in Latin America. The new consensus was surprisingly bipartisan, having been largely continuous from the Bush to the Clinton administrations and actually having its origins in the even earlier Carter and Reagan administrations. For those who remember the rancorous, divisive battles, stretching back over two decades, over such issues as human rights, El Salvador, and Nicaragua, the emergence of a consensus on US foreign policy towards Latin America was nothing short of astounding. There are three basic elements in this new consensus, usually referred to as the "Washington Consensus," all interrelated:(1)an emphasis on furthering democracy and human rights;(2)an emphasis on free (or at least “fair”) trade and economic integration; and(3)an emphasis on open markets, state downsizing, and privatization: i.e., on capitalism or neoliberalism.

scholarly journals The therapeutic power of volunteering

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colette Fegan ◽  
Sarah Cook
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
List Type ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

SummaryThere is growing evidence from smaller evaluative studies in the USA and anecdotal papers in the UK that supported volunteering can help recovery and can be a pathway into paid work for people with serious and fluctuating mental health conditions. It allows the person to take risks and test out a working environment. This opportunity can integrate their experience of mental illness into a valued identity and provides opportunities to engage with a world of work. We recommend that mental health professionals consider ways of providing volunteering opportunities as part of a recovery-oriented service within their organisations.LEARNING OBJECTIVESAppreciate the benefits patients gain from volunteering.Understand the principles of a supported volunteering scheme.Appreciate the potential value to the patient of volunteering within health and social care settings.

Spectrographic and X-ray data on some fluorites from the Transvaal, South Africa

1954 ◽  
Vol 30 (224) ◽  
pp. 327-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. D. Steyn
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Igneous Complex ◽  
Geological Significance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Minor Elements ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bushveld Igneous Complex

The fluorites of the Transvaal occur in different rock-types, viz in the dolomite of the Transvaal System, in acidic rocks (red granite and granophyre of the Bushveld igneous complex and Rooiberg felsites), and in alkalic rocks. The purpose of this study was to determine:(1) What minor elements are present in selected fluorites.(2) What the effect of these elements is on the respective cube-edges.(3) Whether these elements have any geological significance.Fluorite displays a wide range of colour; both colourless and distinctly coloured specimens were examined. Differently coloured varieties could in some instances be taken from the same sample. The choice of coloured varieties in the different rock-types was nevertheless limited. Only light-coloured fluorites occur in the dolomite, whereas the alkalic rocks yielded only very dark purple specimens.

Psychosis Related to TBI

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
O. Euba ◽  
E. Zallo ◽  
N. Sanchez ◽  
M. Torreblanca ◽  
A. Arroita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Wide Range

Aims:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) cause a wide range of serious consequences, including psychiatric disorders. Psychosis although uncommon is a very serious consequences with important functional, therapeutical and legal implications.Methods:Our work is based on a systemic review of the articles published related to TBI and psychosis.Results and conlusions:Three different features about TBI and their relation with the development of psychotic symptoms are analyzed.1.Severity: Serious TBI are more related to psychosis. Moderate and minor TBI can develop mental disorders is there is a previous neurological lesions.2.Localization: Temporal lobe appears affected in most of the patients.3.Lateralization: Left hemisphere is usually affected.Left hemisphere traumas appear to cause schizophrenia-like psychosis. Right hemisphere traumas are related to delirious and special types of psychosis.

Dimensions of Behaviour in Infant School Children

1975 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kolvin ◽  
S. Wolff ◽  
L. M. Barber ◽  
E. G. Tweddle ◽  
R. F. Garside ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
List Type ◽  
Multivariate Approach ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Infant School ◽  
Wide Range

Much attention has been devoted to the classification of the behaviour disorders of childhood, and various authors have identified what they consider to be clinically homogeneous groups. The alternative to a clinical approach to classification is a multivariate approach in an attempt to identify more scientifically the main dimensions underlying the wide range of behaviour disorders that occur in children. A model for a multivariate classification was pioneered by Hewitt and Jenkins (1946), who delineated three behaviour syndromes: (a)socialized delinquency;(b)unsocialized aggressive behaviour;(c)over-inhibited behaviour.

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