scholarly journals European Pension Privatisation: Taking Account of Gender

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Ginn
Keyword(s):  
Social Values ◽  
Collective Responsibility ◽  
Public Pensions ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
Pension Schemes ◽  
Private And Public

Debate on pension privatisation in Europe has provided useful insights into the diversity of European pension systems in terms of ideological orientation, design features and reform paths followed. However, the gender dimension has often been neglected. Thus a recent analysis states that, depending on predominant social values, pension privatisation may be ‘consistent with the notion of collective responsibility for needs-satisfaction’ (Hyde et al., 2003: 189). Yet the unequal effects of privatisation on men and women are ignored. This article argues that, despite considerable variation among countries in the nature of their private pension schemes, the latter share a failure to incorporate allowances for periods of unpaid caring work over the lifecourse. Comparison of the needs-satisfying capacity of private and public pensions must take account of the situation of those who raise the next generation of producers and taxpayers.

Pension Policies in OECD Countries: Background, Trends and Implications

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Holzmann
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Public Pensions ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
Pension Schemes ◽  
Welfare Losses ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
Current Reform

ABSTRACTConcerns about reforming public pensions schemes are an OECD-wide phenomenon. This paper highlights in a first part the background and various causes of the reform debate, summarized in five broad areas: budgetary, economic, social, population aging, and system maturation. The second part presents major directions of current reform approaches of public pension schemes. Despite the different structure and history of these schemes, the major trends in reform are strikingly similar. The final part discusses some major policy considerations resulting from the current reform approach in the face of an aging population. At present, the pace of the reform process in most countries must be considered insufficient to put the pension systems on a financially sound basis and thus to avoid future individual welfare losses and intergenerational income distribution.

scholarly journals Cartoon movies at home: animation films and TV

Comunicar ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicidad Loscertales-Abril ◽  
Trinidad Núñez-Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Analysis ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Behaviour Models ◽  
At Home

Movies are one of the objects of study for Social Psychology because they are not only art or industry; they are a way of socialization. Therefore, movies show behaviour models, social values and norms, and make people react: movies are persuasive. A psycho-social analysis of films is necessary because movies can sometimes display prejudiced negative contents, which could be both explicit or very subtle, and therefore quite dangerous. The authors analyse ten well-known Dis-ney films from the gender perspective: How are men and women shown? What roles do they impersonate? Specifying contents and valuing subtle prejudiced stereotypes will help families to watch them from a different point of view. El cine es objeto de estudio para la Psicología Social porque no sólo es arte o industria; es socialización. Porque muestra modelos de comportamiento, valores sociales y normas, produce reacciones: es persuasivo. Este aspecto es el que mejor justifica el análisis psicosocial. También en muchas ocasiones, el cine presenta unos contenidos con prejuicios negativos poco explícitos, muy sutiles y, por tanto, bastantes peligrosos. Analizamos diez conocidas películas Disney desde la perspectiva de género: ¿Cómo se presentan hombres y mujeres? ¿Qué roles representan? Explicitar contenidos y valorar estereotipos con prejuicios sutiles ayuda a las familias a ver con otra mirada.

scholarly journals Recognising Unpaid Care in Private Pension Schemes

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myra Hamilton ◽  
Cathy Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Public Pension ◽  
Private Pension ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Private Pensions ◽  
Unpaid Care ◽  
Pension Schemes

Parents and carers often have interrupted workforce histories, causing gaps in their pension contributions and hence significantly lower retirement incomes. In some countries, to ameliorate these inequalities, carer credits have been introduced to maintain public pension contributions during periods of workforce absence. But improvements to credits in public schemes have taken place alongside a shift to private pensions that widens inequalities for carers. Introducing carer credits to private pensions is one method of addressing these inequalities. A search for examples of credits to private schemes in OECD countries revealed that, at present, they are rare and limited. This article sets out the design features and principles that should underpin carer credits to private pensions.

Pensions and Providence: Dutch Employers and the Creation of Funded Pension Schemes

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-303
Author(s):  
Erik Nijhof
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
The State ◽  
Pension Scheme ◽  
Pension Schemes ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Corporate Pension ◽  
Demographic Shifts

From an international perspective, the Dutch system of old age provisions stands out for its wide coverage, fixed benefits, and an overall actuarial soundness that seem to make this system more shock proof to demographic shifts and economic adversities than those in other “Western” countries. Its actual foundation is a compulsory old age insurance for all citizens, enforced by law and implemented by the state; this insurance is supplemented by fully funded pension schemes for workers and employees, operating under legal control; and finally there is a variety of additional and noncompulsory pension benefits and individual insurance arrangements. The main impetus to the genesis of this system came from employers who, with different agendas, created various pension funds; eventually it was the state, which set a decisive example with a funded pension fund for its civil servants. This became the standard to all corporate pension schemes and provoked innovations like branch funds. These initiatives were supported and regulated by legislation that made these arrangements compulsory and guaranteed their juridical independence and actuarial soundness. Only after this legally promoted maturation of private funds, the state set out to create public arrangements on a “pay-as-you-go” basis for all citizens. This delicate interplay between private and public pension arrangements is highly characteristic of the Dutch variety of capitalism in a broader context. In the polarity between liberal and coordinated market economies, as developed by Soskice and Hall, the Dutch system of old age provisions has played a prominent role in ranking this country more firmly into the latter category. However, within this range of countries the Dutch system of old age provisions is also a bit atypical: private corporate and branch arrangements were encouraged and at the same time embedded in a legal framework. The role of the state was also remarkable: a supervisor of the private funds, a collector and distributor in a universal insurance system, and an employer with an exemplary pension scheme.

scholarly journals The role of pension contributions in explaining inequalities in depressive symptoms. Results from SHARE

2020 ◽  
pp. 140349482090901
Author(s):  
Hanno Hoven ◽  
Nico Dragano ◽  
Thorsten Lunau ◽  
Christian Deindl ◽  
Morten Wahrendorf
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Pension Scheme ◽  
Health It ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Pension Schemes ◽  
Employment Participation ◽  
Employment Histories

Aims: Research has established solid evidence that socioeconomic position impacts health. It is, however, still debated to what extent characteristics of entire employment histories are associated with health inequalities later on. This study investigates associations between contributing to pension schemes throughout entire employment histories and depressive symptoms in older men and women. Methods: We use retrospective life history data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), collected in 2008–2009 from retired men and women. Data include detailed information on previous employment histories (between age 25 and 60 years) that allows us to measure labour market involvements and pension contributions during past working lives. In addition, we measure elevated depressive symptoms using EURO-D. Results: We observe that employed work without contributing to pension schemes is associated with elevated depressive symptoms for women, even when taking the current household income into consideration. For men (but not for women), self-employed work without pension contributions is linked to elevated depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Our results indicate that studies linking previous employment participation to health after labour market exit should not only consider whether a person worked, but also whether he or she contributed to a pension scheme. In addition, our study points to interesting gender differences, where pension contributions matter most for women in employed work and for men in self-employed work.

Die Finanzierungslücke der Gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung in Deutschland – Eine Simulationsstudie zu Lösungsmöglichkeiten

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Bollacke
Keyword(s):  
Pension System ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Public Pension ◽  
Demographic Factor ◽  
Public Pensions ◽  
Calculation Formula ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
Public Pension System ◽  
Reform Processes

AbstractPopulation aging challenges pay-as-you-go pension systems. Solving the associated funding problem constantly motivates reform processes. In addition to an aging population, specific regulations of the German public pension system lead to an increasing financial burden of national finances. To ensure sustainable funding of pensions, the calculation formula of the German public pension system will be investigated in this paper. It will be shown, that there are two alterable parameters, which are not optimally used regarding the funding of public pensions. Simulations show that a variable demographic factor to calculate public pensions can reduce the financial burden of national finances.

The Insidious Work of the University: From Nationalism to Excellence to Entrepreneurialism1

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
National Security ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Public ◽  
Syracuse University ◽  
The University

“We are committed to grow the skills and competence of men and women who are or soon will be at the center of making decisions associated with strategic and operational security matters in the public or private sector. Content of our 2-week courses will expose them to the next generation of security thinking and allow them to interact with and learn from colleagues of other agencies and organizations. It will take them to the next level of their careers both intellectually and professionally.” - Flyer for the National Security Studies Program, Maxwell School, Syracuse University

scholarly journals Welfare Systems and Adequacy of Pension Benefits in Europe

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orla Gough ◽  
Roberta Adami
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
Retirement Income ◽  
Private Pensions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
Welfare Systems ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Post War ◽  
Pension Benefits ◽  
The Impact

During the post-war years many European countries have implemented far-reaching but diverse pension systems with the objective of providing those in retirement with adequate incomes. In this study, we explore the link between pension systems and the adequacy of retirement income. We analyse the mix of public and private pensions and consider the impact of different policies on poverty rates amongst pensioners. We suggest that only a few European countries have been successful in providing combinations of private and public pensions that improve the adequacy of retirement income.

A Crisis of Longer Life: Reforming Pension Systems

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.D. Daykin ◽  
D. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Demographic Ageing ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
Pension Schemes ◽  
The World

ABSTRACTSocial security pension schemes around the world are facing a number of problems, of which demographic ageing is the most commonly discussed. This paper provides an overview of expected future demographic developments in European Union and some other OECD countries, and evaluates some of the range of solutions which have been, or are being, considered to address this and other problems facing social security in the late 1990s, drawing on examples from OECD countries, from Latin America and from central and eastern Europe. Consideration is given to the possibilities for increasing the level of funding in social security pension schemes or developing funded complementary pension schemes.

Always the Third Rail?

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1068-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Lynch ◽  
Mikko Myrskylä
Keyword(s):  
Pension System ◽  
Public Pensions ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Transfer Programs ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
Micro Foundations

Social transfer programs are thought to generate beneficiary groups who will act politically to defend “their” programs from retrenchment. But little empirical research has been conducted to either verify or disconfirm the micro foundations of this hypothesis, which lies at the heart of the “new social risks” thesis as well as many economic analyses of welfare state politics. This article tests empirically whether benefiting from public pensions leads individuals to greater support of the pension system status quo, net of other factors. It uses cross—data set imputation to combine cross-nationally comparable individual-level data on income from public pensions with political attitudes toward proposed pension reforms. The hypothesis that public pension systems create policy feedbacks of self-interested beneficiaries supporting further pension spending is not supported in any of 11 European countries in either 1992 or 2001.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document