scholarly journals Embedded Integration and Organisational Change in Housing Providers in the UK

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Phillimore
Keyword(s):  
Organisational Change ◽  
Integration Policy ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Longitudinal Methods ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Social Fields ◽  
Everyday Work ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk

The arrival of large numbers of asylum seekers in the UK, many of whom subsequently become refugees, has been an important contributor to the emergence of new migration. Integration policy and initiatives have placed a great deal of focus on securing housing for refugees and enhancing their employability. While academics stress that integration should be a two-way process, and highlight the need for institutions to adapt to meet migrant need, the vast majority of policy attention has focused on supporting refugees to adapt to life in the UK. Few initiatives and even less research attention has been paid to encouraging or exploring institutional adaptation. This article looks at the experiences of UK housing providers involved in the HACT Reach In initiative. The project was unusual in that it sought to encourage housing providers to adapt their approaches to service provision by embedding refugees into their everyday work. Using data collected via qualitative longitudinal methods, the article examines the ways in which institutions changed their cultures and approaches to service delivery. It finds that initiatives that enable hosts and migrants to access new social fields create the opportunity for embedded integration that moves beyond the individual to impact upon institutions, and argues that shifting our attention to institutions has much to offer in conceptual, empirical and policy terms.

scholarly journals Understanding the uptake of new hip replacement implants in the UK: a cohort study using data from the National Joint Registry for England and Wales

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e029572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris M Penfold ◽  
Ashley W Blom ◽  
Adrian Sayers ◽  
J Mark Wilkinson ◽  
Linda Hunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Stem ◽  
Acetabular Cup ◽  
National Joint Registry ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Joint Registry ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Hip Replacements ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk

ObjectivesPrimary: describe uptake of new implant components (femoral stem or acetabular cup/shell) for total hip replacements (THRs) in the National Joint Registry for England and Wales (NJR). Secondary: compare the characteristics of: (a) surgeons and (b) patients who used/received new rather than established components.DesignCohort of 618 393 primary THRs performed for osteoarthritis (±other indications) by 4979 surgeons between 2008 and 2017 in England and Wales from the NJR. We described the uptake of new (first recorded use >2008, used within 5 years) stems/cups, and variation in uptake by surgeons (primary objectives). We explored surgeon-level and patient-level factors associated with use/receipt of new components with logistic regression models (secondary objectives).OutcomesPrimary outcomes: total number of new cups/stems, proportion of operations using new versus established components. Secondary outcomes: odds of: (a) a surgeon using a new cup/stem in a calendar-year, (b) a patient receiving a new rather than established cup/stem.ResultsSixty-eight new cups and 72 new stems were used in 47 606 primary THRs (7.7%) by 2005 surgeons (40.3%) 2008–2017. Surgeons used a median of one new stem and cup (25%–75%=1–2 both, max=10 cups, max=8 stems). Surgeons performed a median total of 22 THRs (25%–75%=5–124, range=1–3938) in the period 2008–2017. Surgeons used new stems in a median of 5.0% (25%–75%=1.3%–16.1%) and new cups in a median of 9.4% (25%–75%=2.8%–26.7%) of their THRs. Patients aged <55 years old versus those 55–80 had higher odds of receiving a new rather than established stem (OR=1.83, 95% CI=1.73–1.93) and cup (OR=1.31, 95% CI=1.25–1.37). Women had lower odds of receiving a new stem (OR=0.87, 95% CI=0.84–0.90), higher odds of receiving a new cup (OR=1.06, 95% CI=1.03–1.09).ConclusionsLarge numbers of new THR components have been introduced in the NJR since 2008. 40% of surgeons have tried new components, with wide variation in how many types and frequency they have been used.

scholarly journals Bovine Tuberculosis: The Emergence of a New Wildlife Maintenance Host in Ireland

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Kelly ◽  
Enda Mullen ◽  
Margaret Good
Keyword(s):  
Sika Deer ◽  
Meles Meles ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Deer Density ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk ◽  
European Badgers

Despite advances in herd management, tuberculosis (TB) continues to affect ~0. 5% of Ireland's national cattle herd annually. It is clear that any “final” eradication of TB in cattle will need to address all TB maintenance hosts in the same environment. In Ireland and the UK, European Badgers (Meles meles) are a known TB maintenance host, while deer are recognised as spillover hosts. However, deer have been identified as maintenance hosts in other countries and Sika deer, specifically, have been identified with TB in Ireland. We examined the power of cattle, badger and Sika deer densities (at the county level) to predict cattle TB-breakdowns in Ireland, at both the herd and the individual level, using data collected between 2000 and 2018. Our hypothesis was that any positive correlations between deer density and cattle TB-breakdowns would implicate deer as TB maintenance hosts. Using linear multiple regressions, we found positive correlations between deer density and cattle TB-breakdowns at both the herd and individual levels. Since Sika deer in County Wicklow are known to have TB, we ran further regressions against subsets of data which excluded individual Irish counties. Analyses excluding Wicklow data showed much weaker correlations between Sika deer density and cattle TB-breakdowns at both the herd and individual levels, suggesting that these correlations are strongest in County Wicklow. A similar effect for badger density was seen in County Leitrim. While locally high densities of Sika deer persist in Irish counties, we believe they should be considered an integral part of any TB-control programme for those areas.

They just fade away: Language death and the loss of phonological variation

1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Sabino
Keyword(s):  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Phonological Variation ◽  
Language Death ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Creole Languages ◽  
Phonological Change ◽  
Phonological Rules

ABSTRACTUsing data from four sets of alternating forms in a moribund Dutch-lexicon creole, this article addresses the characteristics of variation in moribund languages, and “the usefulness of variationist approaches in the description and analysis” of them (Drechsel 1990:552–53). The analysis shows how variable phonological rules continue to exist in a dying language, even after large numbers of words have been bled from the rules' inputs, thereby providing support for Dressler's hypothesis of lexical fading (1972). A three-stage scenario of rule loss is proposed to account for the fact that, in the Negerhollands case, there is substantially greater phonological variation at the level of the community than at the level of the individual. (Obsolescence, phonological variation, phonological change, creole languages, Virgin Islands, Negerhollands)

scholarly journals A combination of variant genotypes at two loci in the APOL1 gene is associated with adverse outcomes in SARS-CoV-2: a UK Biobank study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walt E Adamson ◽  
Harry Noyes ◽  
Georgia Beckett-Hill ◽  
Anneli Cooper ◽  
Annette MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
African Ancestry ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk

The risk of hospitalisation or death from Covid-19 in the UK is disproportionately higher in black ethnic populations than others for reasons that are not fully understood (1). In people of African ancestry, variants of the APOL1 gene (G1 and G2) have been associated with risk of a number of non-communicable diseases, such as chronic kidney disease (2,3,4,5) and the infectious disease, African sleeping sickness (6). Here we test the hypothesis that adverse Covid-19 outcomes are also associated with these variants. Using data from Black UK Biobank participants, we used Firth's Bias-Reduced Logistic Regression in R to identify APOL1 genotypes that were associated with either hospitalisation or death. APOL1 G1/G2 compound heterozygotes were associated with hospitalisation (OR = 2.4 95% CI: 1.2-4.5) p = 0.010) and death (OR = 5.4, 95% CI: 1.8-15.4, p = 0.004) compared to individuals not carrying the variants. This support hypotheses proposing APOL1 genotype (specifically G1/G2) is a significant contributory factor in the increased rates of poor Covid-19 outcomes observed in people of African ancestry. This has implications for both at the individual and population level by identifying those at higher risk of severe Covid-19 who would benefit from early vaccination and treatment. This is especially relevant to geographical regions where APOL1 G1/G2 genotypes are common such as West and Central Africa (6) and their diaspora.

scholarly journals Gendered reasons for leaving a career in the UK TV industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-430
Author(s):  
Neil Percival
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Early Exit ◽  
Professional Careers ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Equality Of Access

This article concerns gendered sustainability of careers in the UK TV industry. Much academic scrutiny is focused on equality of access and progression, using data secured from those still working in the sector. The research featured here offers a new insight by focusing on career sustainability and exit, reporting on a survey of 80 individuals, both male and female, who left professional careers in the industry to move on to other careers or activities. While quantitative data demonstrate that incompatibility with parenting was the overwhelmingly dominant factor motivating early exit from the sector for women, the qualitative findings also advance discussions of wider structural barriers and gendered inequalities, embedded in working cultures, practices and attitudes. The article explores the wider perception of a lack of care for the sector’s workers, as well as the individual bereavement and identity loss encountered by those who leave.

Accent Policy and Accent Modification Enterprises as Potential Indicators of Intercultural Power Relations: A Call for an Updated Research Agenda

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynne D. Ovalle ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.

Calculation of Predictive Odds for Possible Carriers of Haemophilia

1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (03) ◽  
pp. 740-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. M Prentice ◽  
C. D Forbes ◽  
Sandra Morrice ◽  
A. D McLaren
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Factor Viii Related Antigen ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Betting Odds

SummaryBetting odds for possible carriers of haemophilia have been calculated using data derived from normal and known carrier populations. For each possible carrier the concentration of factor VIII-related antigen and factor VIII biological activity was measured and used to determine the probability of the individual being a carrier. The calculations indicated that, of the 32 possible carriers, 11 were likely to be normal (odds of more than 5:1) while 11 were likely to be haemophilia carriers (again odds of more than 5:1).

Sisterhood and After

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaretta Jolly
Keyword(s):  
Oral History ◽  
Women's Liberation ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
Women’S Liberation ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Personal Accounts ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Cultural Taste

This ground-breaking history of the UK Women’s Liberation Movement explores the individual and collective memories of women at its heart. Spanning at least two generations and four nations, and moving through the tumultuous decades from the 1970s to the present, the narrative is powered by feminist oral history, notably the British Library’s Sisterhood and After: The Women’s Liberation Oral History Project. The book mines these precious archives to bring fresh insight into the lives of activists and the campaigns and ideas they mobilised. It navigates still-contested questions of class, race, violence, and upbringing—as well as the intimacies, sexualities and passions that helped fire women’s liberation—and shows why many feminists still regard notions of ‘equality’ or even ‘equal rights’ as insufficient. It casts new light on iconic campaigns and actions in what is sometimes simplified as feminism’s ‘second wave’, and enlivens a narrative too easily framed by ideological abstraction with candid, insightful, sometimes painful personal accounts of national and less well-known women activists. They describe lives shaped not only by structures of race, class, gender, sexuality and physical ability, but by education, age, love and cultural taste. At the same time, they offer extraordinary insights into feminist lifestyles and domestic pleasures, and the crossovers and conflicts between feminists. The work draws on oral history’s strength as creative method, as seen with its conclusion, where readers are urged to enter the archives of feminist memory and use what they find there to shape their own political futures.

Punk as Folk: Continuities and Tensions in the UK and Beyond

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pete Dale
Keyword(s):  
Folk Music ◽  
Music Making ◽  
Collective Creativity ◽  
Living Tradition ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk

Numerous claims have been made by a wide range of commentators that punk is somehow “a folk music” of some kind. Doubtless there are several continuities. Indeed, both tend to encourage amateur music-making, both often have affiliations with the Left, and both emerge at least partly from a collective/anti-competitive approach to music-making. However, there are also significant tensions between punk and folk as ideas/ideals and as applied in practice. Most obviously, punk makes claims to a “year zero” creativity (despite inevitably offering re-presentation of at least some existing elements in every instance), whereas folk music is supposed to carry forward a tradition (which, thankfully, is more recognized in recent decades as a subject-to-change “living tradition” than was the case in folk’s more purist periods). Politically, meanwhile, postwar folk has tended more toward a socialist and/or Marxist orientation, both in the US and UK, whereas punk has at least rhetorically claimed to be in favor of “anarchy” (in the UK, in particular). Collective creativity and competitive tendencies also differ between the two (perceived) genre areas. Although the folk scene’s “floor singer” tradition offers a dispersal of expressive opportunity comparable in some ways to the “anyone can do it” idea that gets associated with punk, the creative expectation of the individual within the group differs between the two. Punk has some similarities to folk, then, but there are tensions, too, and these are well worth examining if one is serious about testing out the common claim, in both folk and punk, that “anyone can do it.”

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