scholarly journals Physicians' interpretation of the prognostic term “terminal”: A survey among Norwegian physicians

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
LOTTE ROGG ◽  
PETER KJÆR GRAUGAARD ◽  
JON HÅVARD LOGE
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Internal Medicine ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Common Definition ◽  
To Come ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Common Understanding

Objective: Optimal clinical practice depends upon a precise language with common understanding of core terms. The aim of the present study was to examine how Norwegian physicians understand the commonly used but poorly defined term “terminal.”Methods: A questionnaire was mailed to 1605 Norwegian physicians, representative of the Norwegian medical community. Nine hundred and sixty-eight responded and defined “terminal” in expected weeks left to live. The effects of gender, age, specialty, and experience with prognostication toward end of life on the estimation of “terminal” were investigated.Results: Norwegian physicians on average expect a “terminal” patient to have 3.6 (± 3.5SD) weeks to live with expectation ranging from 0 to 26 weeks. The majority (83.5%) defined “terminal” as less than 5 weeks' survival; 15.0% as 5 to 12 weeks' survival and 1.5% as more than 12 weeks' survival. No difference between genders was observed, whereas the youngest physicians (27–39 years) held shorter definitions than the other age groups. Physicians in internal medicine, surgery, and anaesthesiology held significantly shorter estimations of “terminal” than did physicians in general practice, public health, and psychiatry.Significance of results: Our study shows that the majority of Norwegian physicians restrict “terminal” to the last 2–4 weeks of patients' lives. A life expectancy of a few days compared to several weeks should lead to different clinical actions. Efforts should therefore be made to come to a common definition of the term. In our opinion the use of “terminal” should be limited to when death is expected within a few days.

scholarly journals Healthcare Students’ Perception of Social Distancing during the 2019 Coronavirus Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devon L Barrett ◽  
Katharine W Rainer ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Travis W Blalock
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Healthcare Students ◽  
Common Definition ◽  
Grouping Students ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Definition Of

Background: Since the implementation of social distancing practices during the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic there have been a myriad of definitions for ‘social distancing.’ The objective of this study was to determine students’ awareness of the various definitions of social distancing, how strictly they adhered to social distancing guidelines, and how they perceived the importance of various social distancing practices.  Methods: This cross-sectional survey was distributed via email to students at Emory-affiliated graduate schools, including the Medical, Nursing, and Public Health Schools. Results: Of the 2,453 recipients of the survey, 415 students responded (16.9% response rate). The majority of respondents were medical students (n=225, 55.6%). Of the respondents, 357 noted that they “frequently” or “always” abided by social distancing. The most common definition of social distancing with which respondents were familiar was the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)’s (n=276 of 369 responses, 74.8%). There were significant differences across groups  when grouping students by the definition of social distancing that they were aware of, the social distancing guideline they most closely followed, and their school of attendance regarding the importance of specific social distancing examples (p<0.05 for each). Conclusions: A survey of healthcare students identified differences in the importance of social distancing practices based on the definition of social distancing that they were aware of. The results of this study underscore the importance of having unified definitions of public health messaging, which ultimately may impact disease spread.

scholarly journals Doctors recognized by the British honours systems: A retrospective analysis of the last decade

2011 ◽  
Vol 104 (12) ◽  
pp. 521-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shofiq Islam ◽  
Jennifer L Cole ◽  
Christopher J Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Public Health Medicine ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World

Objectives The British honours system is one of the oldest in the world rewarding individuals, including those of the medical profession. The authors were interested to see if any particular specialty was honoured to a greater extent. We aimed to establish the number of those honoured, the duration of clinical practice involved, as well as additional factors. Design A retrospective analysis of doctors receiving honours (Knight/Dame, CBE, OBE, MBE) in the last decade was performed. Setting UK-registered doctors. Participants Doctors were identified from publicly available listings. Main outcome measures Demographics of all honoured doctors, including number of years of service, specialty affiliation and the number of recipients holding professorial status were collected. Clinicians were stratified into four subgroups: General Practitioners, Physicians, Surgeons and Others. Data were analysed using parametric statistical tests. Results Four hundred and seventeen doctors were identified. Four hundred and two clinicians had a documented subspecialty affiliation. Of the 402: GPs ( n = 142), Physicians ( n = 100), Surgeons ( n = 34) and Others ( n = 126). The number of years in clinical practice from registration to conference of honours was significantly shorter for GPs when compared to hospital-based specialties ( P < 0.05). The top 10 specialties of individuals honoured are tabulated. Professors constituted 30% ( n = 131) of those honoured. These individuals were sub-divided according to specialty affiliation with a significant difference observed ( P < 0.05). Conclusions The most honoured specialty was General Practice. However, when corrected for total subspecialty population, the number one ranking specialty was Public Health Medicine. Academic clinicians are well represented. The findings may be of interest to the medical community.

Lobbying and policy capture

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Miller ◽  
Claire Harkins ◽  
Matthias Schlögl ◽  
Brendan Montague
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Policy Studies ◽  
Corporate Power ◽  
Recent Innovation ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
To Come

This chapter examines how policy is captured and aims to show how the capture of the other domains examined in this book relate to the ultimate prize of policy capture. Notable, however, policy can be captured variety of ways. The chapter considers two dimensions of policy capture—upstream and downstream. ‘Downstream’ refers to attempts to influence particular policy measures that might directly affect the industry concerned. ‘Upstream’ refers to influencing the agreed procedures by which decisions on particular matters will be taken in years to come. After that we turn to a relatively recent innovation in policy making that challenges the very categories adopted in policy studies. Partnership governance breaches the seemingly clear conceptual split between interest groups and government. We examine some key UK and EU examples in the addictions field, asking about the implications for public health and corporate power.

More than a Language to Come

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-394
Author(s):  
Samir Haddad ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
To Come ◽  
Definition Of

In this paper I demonstrate that the analysis supporting Derrida’s identification of the desire for a pure, originary idiom in Heidegger’s reading of Trakl in Geschlecht III provides a framework with which we can understand the call for a new language in Monolingualism of the Other. While acknowledging how his interpretation of Heidegger provides important insights that guide Derrida’s later negotiation with the dual dangers of nationalism and colonialism, I argue that the proximity to Heidegger, manifest in Derrida’s articulation of a desire for language in the singular, threatens to close down possibilities latent in the promising definition of deconstruction as plus d’une langue—both more than a language and no more of a language.

scholarly journals مفهوم الصورة الفنية في ضوء الموروث النقدي العربي القديم: نظرية المحاكاة عند حازم القرطاجني (ت684ه) أنموذجاً (The Understanding of Artistic Image in The Light of Classical Arabic Criticism: An Example of Simulation Theory by Ḥāzim al-Qarṭājanī(684H)

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
محمد ماجد الدّخيل (Mohammad Majid al-Dakhil)
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Content Structure ◽  
Creative Ability ◽  
To Come ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Artistic Image ◽  
Classical Arabic

ملخص البحث: عالج النقد العربي القديم مفهوم الصورة تحت مظلة مسألة  اللفظ  والمعنى من جهة، ونظرية المحاكاة والتخييل من جهة أخرى. وقد تعددت الأقاويل البلاغية والنقدية العربية القديمة وكررت نفسها عند بعض البلاغيين والنقاد العرب القدامى محاولة التوصل لمفهوم تام وشامل وواحد للصورة، إلاّ أن مفهومها عانى الهلهلة والاضطراب والتعدد.  والتساؤل هنا: كيف نظر حازم القرطاجني (ت 684 هـ) لمفهوم الصورة الفنية، رغم إيمان الدارس الحالي بأنها منظومة الألفاظ والمعاني (العبارات) الدالة والنابعة من صميم واقع إنساني تصور اتصال المبدع بالآخرين. توصلت الدراسة إلى ما يأتي: أن مفهوم حازم القرطاجني عن الصورة  الفنية ما هو إلا جزءٌ من فهم كلي يتصل باللغة ونظامها الأسلوبي المضموني (المحتوى)  المعنوي، ونظامها الأسلوبي الشكلي بصورة أعمّ وأشمل، إنه فهم يفجرّ القدرات الإبداعية المتنوعة الأُطر، ويقوّي الإيحاءات اللغوية، جاعلاً إياها ضمن أطر تجريدية غير تقليدية جاهزة مستهلكة، يمكنها توظيف طاقات اللغة عبر ارتدادات شاعرية فنية وتشكلات إبداعية كلية جديدة، قادرة على كسر حالة الركود والرتوب وتحطيم السائد البائد والتخلص منه، دون أن تفرض على الأدباء قيداً نمطياً واحداً، وبذلك فالألفاظ والمعاني – برأي ناقدنا- يجب أن تتطور وتتجدد وتتغير بتطور العصر وتجدّده وتغيّره.الكلمات المفتاحية: الصورة الفنية –نقد قديم –حازم القرطاجني-المحاكاة-الألفاظ.Abstract:The Classical Arabic Criticism discusses an image under word and meaning on one side and under the simulation theory by Hazim al-Qartajani on the other. There are many rhetoric and Classical Arabic Literary Critics definitions of an image. Sometimes these definitions are repeated among some of them in their attempt to come up with a standardized and comprehensive definition of an image. But all of these attempts create confusion, chaos and dispute. The question is: How did Hazim al-Qartajani conceptualize the artistic image? Even though the present research sees it as a thread of words and meaning (phrases) that reflect the inner state of an individual expressed brilliantly to others. The study concludes that Hazim al-Qartajani perceived an artistic image as a portion of an overall understanding related to a language, its content structure and style in general. It is indeed an understanding that erupts from a huge creative ability that strengthens linguistic gestures created as a fresh framework. This framework could be transferred in poetic works by preference. Therefore, words and meaning have to be developed and renewed, improved from time to time.Keywords: Artistic Image- Traditional Criticism- Hazim al-Qartajani – Simulation- Words.Abstrak:Kritikan sastera Arab lama telah menyentuh tentang konsep imej dalam perbincangan tentang perkataan dan makna dari satu segi serta simulasi dan ilusi. Terdapat pelbagai pendapat retorik dan kritikan tentang imej dan berulangkali usaha dilakukan oleh pengkritik sastera lama Arab untuk mengadakan sebuah konsep yang menyeluruh tentang imej, namun menemui kegagalan. Penulis berpandangan bahawa imej ialah sebuah sistem yang menggabungkan perkataan dan makna. Ia timbul daripada persepi manusia sendiri apabila seseorang itu cuba berhubungan dengan orang lain. Kajian ini akan melihat pandangan Hazim al-Qartajani dalam masalah ini. Kajian mendapati bahawa fahaman beliau tentang konsep tersebut, secara keseluruhannya, merupakan sebahagian daripada fahaman holistik tentang bahasa antara kandungan dan bentuk formal. Pandangan ini mampu menggalakkan kreativiti di kalangan penulis, menguatkan inspirasi untuk keluar daripada gaya konvensional, bergerak secara inovatif dalam memecahkan tradisi tanpa dikenakan kekangan ke atas penulis. Dengan itu, perkataan dan makna pada padangan beliau hendaklah berkembang sejajar dengan arus perkembangan semasa. Kata kunci: Imej seni– Kritikan Sastera Lama- Hazim al-Qartajani – Simulasi- Perkataan.

INTERPRETATION OF THE CONCEPT OF “PROFESSIONAL READINESS” IN THE CONTEXT OF TRAINING UNIVERSITY STUDENTSFOR FUTURE PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (100) ◽  
pp. 180-195
Author(s):  
NATALIA V. DRYANNYKH ◽  
TAMARA V. LODKINA
Keyword(s):  
Staff Training ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
The Future ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
To Come ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Common Understanding

The authors consider the main approaches to the essence of the concept of “professional readiness” based on the analysis of scientific literature. In the context of new realities that require understanding, an attempt is made to come to a common understanding of terms, which will make it possible to correctly interpretand use them. The synthesis of the presented points of view allowed the authors to give their own interpretation of the definition of “professional readiness” which will become the basis for staff training in the future.

scholarly journals Shiatsu and Acupressure: Two Different and Distinct Techniques

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Fernando Cabo, MSc ◽  
Amanda Baskwill, MSc ◽  
Slava Christophe-Tchakaloff, LLM ◽  
Isaac Aguaristi ◽  
Jean-Philippe Guichard
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clear Distinction ◽  
Specialized Schools ◽  
Common Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Way ◽  
Research Studies

Background: Although shiatsu has been taught in specialized schools in Japan since 1940, there is a limited amount of research for its practice. As a result, authors substitute shiatsu with acupressure to use available research on acupressure. It is the position of the authors that, while the two share common aspects, they are substantively different. This project was undertaken to describe technical differences and advocate for a clear distinction, especially in research studies and academic discussions.Methods: To understand whether it is appropriate to include acupressure studies in the evidence for shiatsu an analysis of the references included in a frequently cited systematic review was conducted to collect information about the protocols. In addition, a preliminary exploration of shiatsu practitioners’ perceptions about the differences between shiatsu and acupressure is described. This exploration used videos of shiatsu and acupressure techniques and asked practitioners to comment on their perception of similarity.Discussion: The results identified several key technical differences between the two, including type of pressure applied, the positioning of the thumb, and the way in which body weight is used. Researchers should separate shiatsu and acupressure in their designs and purposively choose one or the other. To facilitate such clarification, we have proposed a definition for shiatsu that may facilitate the differentiation between these two techniques.Conclusion: The authors hope to stimulate discussion about the differences between shiatsu and acupressure, and to question the appropriateness of using acupressure studies as evidence of the efficacy of shiatsu. A true understanding of the efficacy of shiatsu cannot be determined until studies use a common definition of shiatsu and discontinue substituting acupressure research for evidence of shiatsu efficacy. When this happens, it is proposed that a clearer picture of the safety, efficacy, and mechanism of action of both shiatsu and acupressure will emerge.

scholarly journals Perceptions of coaching success: an exploratory analysis of Czech coaches views on success

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
William Crossan ◽  
Milos Bednar ◽  
Ronald Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Personal Growth ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Exploratory Analysis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Common Definition ◽  
Common Domain ◽  
Philosophical Framework ◽  
Definition Of Success ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract A philosophical framework for success in coaching is established, upon which the results of 571 coaches’ views of success in coaching is consequently evaluated. The coaches are Czech nationals from seven sports, who coach all age groups from U8 to adult professional teams, with length of experience ranging from 1 to 26 years (mean 7.1). Success definitions were coded and categorized before being analyzed across sport, age group coached, experience and licensing level. Hal-lowell’s success cycle is used as a standard of evaluation. Results were also assessed in terms of modern coaching philosophies. Overall, it was shown that the most common definition of success by coaches fell into the Sport Growth domain (31.7%), by which they primarily meant Player Development (20.6% of these coaches). The second most common domain for defining success was Performance (28.2%), primarily defined in terms of Winning (15.5%). Emotional Growth (21.1%) and Personal Growth (7.6%), though emphasized in modern coaching philosophies, were largely undervalued by Czech coaches. Enjoyment, a key element of success from Aristotle to Seligman, and essential to Hallowell’s success cycle was evident in only a small number (5.6%) of the success definitions of coaches.

scholarly journals CURRÍCULO ESCOLAR E PEDAGOGIA HISTÓRICO-CRÍTICA: FORMAÇÃO EMANCIPADORA E RESISTÊNCIA AO CAPITAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
Julia Malanchen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Critical Theory ◽  
Working Class ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
National Government ◽  
Marxist Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Collective Resistance ◽  
Definition Of

The intention of this paper is to contribute elements to the understanding of the etymology of the word Curriculum and the various forms of interpretation of this theme in studies and research. On the other hand, we describe some principles that demarcate the definition of a school curriculum from the Historical-Critical Theory, differentiating it from other existing curricular theories, especially multiculturalism, which is often misinterpreted as a Marxist theory. Finally, we point out the need to organize ourselves as a working class in collective resistance to the current anti-national government, which attacks education and public health, and in doing so, denies science and life, deepening the serious health crisis in national territory .

scholarly journals Aflatoxin M1 in Serbia: A systematic review of occurrence and exposure assessment - an update

2018 ◽  
pp. 27-41
Author(s):  
Dragan Milicevic ◽  
Danka Spiric ◽  
Sasa Jankovic
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Young Old ◽  
Potential Public Health

Milk is a highly nutritious diet for all age groups including YOPI (young, old, pregnant and immune suppressed) patients, because it contains numerous important nutrients such as proteins, vitamins, and minerals. On the other hand, contamination of milk is considered as one of the major public health problems, which mainly arises due to aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) contamination, recently reported in our region. Hence, the main objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence and possible trends of AFM1 contamination of milk and milk products reported between 2007 and 2016 in Serbia, and to compare collected results with similar research in neighboring countries since aflatoxin crisis has broken in order to identify the predisposing factors for AFM1 contamination. In addition, this paper gives an evaluation of potential public health risk due to consumption of AFM1 contaminated milk.

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