Looming cognitive style and quality of life in a cancer cohort

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-454
Author(s):  
Tomer T. Levin ◽  
John Riskind ◽  
Yuelin Li
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Mental Component Score ◽  
Physical Component Score ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Component Score ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Looming Cognitive Style

AbstractObjective:Looming cognitive styles (LCS) bias the velocity of potential threats and have been implicated in anxiety and depression vulnerability. This study aims to explore their contribution to impaired quality of life (QOL), beyond that of depression and anxiety, in a cancer cohort.Method:In a cross-sectional design, an ambulatory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cohort completed a psychological battery that included the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories, the SF-36 Health Survey, the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACT), the Looming Cognitive Style Questionnaire (LCSQ), and the Looming Cancer measure.Results:The Looming Cancer measure correlated significtly with overall QOL (FACT-G, p = 0.005). This effect was largely due to the contribution of emotional QOL (Mental Component Score: SF-36, p = 0.001; FACT-emotional, p = 0.001) and functional QOL (FACT-functional, p = 0.001). Looming, unlike anxiety and depression, did not correlate with a worse physical QOL (Physical Component Score: SF-36, FACT-physical). Looming did not impact on social QOL. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that looming predicted 5.4% of the varience on the FACT-emotional, 5.1% on the Mental Component Score (SF-36), and 9.3% on the mental health subscale (SF-36), above and beyond the varience predicted by a constellation of psychosocial factors (including age, marital status, education, income) and the combined effect of depression and anxietySignificance of results:LCS predicts worse emotional and functional QOL, above and beyond the contribution of anxiety, depression, and other psycho-social variables. This suggests that it makes a unique contribution to a worse QOL. Nevertheless, the looming construct still remains primarily a research tool in psycho-oncology at this time.

scholarly journals A PROSPECTIVE STUDY ON QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH ARTHRITIS

2016 ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Sathesh Kumar Sukumaran ◽  
Poojitha Devi G
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
General Information ◽  
Mental Component Score ◽  
Physical Component Score ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Patient Counseling ◽  
Component Score ◽  
The Impact

<p>ABSTRACT<br />Objective: Patient counseling can scientifically improve the physical and mental symptoms of certain diseases that could be a relief to the patient.<br />Non-pharmacological approaches could be an alternative to the drug therapy. Health issues affecting the quality of life (QoL) are to be studied to<br />understand the patient’s physical, mental, emotional, and social functioning.<br />Methods: The present study involves prospective analysis of QoL in men and women with arthritis. The methodology involves the collection and<br />documentation of general information of the patient including personal history, family background, clinical findings, investigations, and medical illness<br />associated with arthritis. Further, the QoL is documented using a specific questionnaire designed to assess the impact of arthritis and their complications.<br />Results: It can be seen that there is no significant changes in the physical and mental component score (MCS) in between the type of arthritis, but<br />there is an extremely significant (p&lt;0.05) values were obtained when compared between pre- and post-counseling phases of physical and MCS.<br />Conclusion: Patients counseling plays a major role in the management of signs and symptoms among patients with arthritis. The non-pharmacological<br />method is also be used for the management of arthritis.<br />Keywords: Quality of life, Arthritis, Patient counseling, Questionnaire, Physical component score, Mental component score.</p>

Quality of Life Scores Predict Survival Among Patients With Head and Neck Cancer

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 2754-2760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie A. Karvonen-Gutierrez ◽  
David L. Ronis ◽  
Karen E. Fowler ◽  
Jeffrey E. Terrell ◽  
Stephen B. Gruber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Physical Component Score ◽  
Component Score ◽  
Sf 36

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine whether quality of life (QOL) scores predict survival among patients with head and neck cancer, controlling for demographic, health behavior, and clinical variables. Patients and Methods A self-administered questionnaire was given to 495 patients being treated for head and neck cancer while they were waiting to be seen for a clinic appointment. Data collected from the survey included demographics, health behaviors, and QOL as measured by Short Form-36 (SF-36) physical and mental component scores and the Head and Neck QOL scores. Clinical measures were collected by chart abstraction. Kaplan-Meier plots and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the association between QOL scores and survival time. Results After controlling for age, time since diagnosis, marital status, education, tumor site and stage, comorbidities, and smoking, the SF-36 physical component score and three of the four Head and Neck QOL scales (pain, eating, and speech domains) were associated with survival. Controlling for the same variables, the SF-36 mental component score and the emotional domain of the Head and Neck QOL were not associated with survival. Conclusion QOL instruments may be valuable screening tools to identify patients who are at high risk for poor survival. Those with low QOL scores could be followed more closely, with the potential to identify recurrence earlier and perform salvage treatments, thereby possibly improving survival for this group of patients.

Comorbidities Might Condition the Recovery of Quality of Life in Survivors of Sepsis

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gislene C. Erbs ◽  
Marco F. Mastroeni ◽  
Mauro S. L. Pinho ◽  
Álvaro Koenig ◽  
Geonice Sperotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Physical Component Score ◽  
Component Score ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Sepsis Survivors ◽  
Group Recovery ◽  
A Prospective Study

Purpose: To assess how preexisting disabling comorbidities (DC) affect the recovery rate of quality of life (QOL) over time in sepsis survivors. Methods: A prospective study was conducted on sepsis survivors who answered the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) 7 days after discharge from the intensive care unit. Subsequent interviews were held at 3, 6, and 12 months. The results of the physical component score (PCS) and mental component score (MCS) of the SF-36 were evaluated. Patients were divided into 2 groups to compare patients with DC (DC group) and without DC (no-DC group). Quantile regression was used to model changes in PCS and MCS between different time points. Results: Seventy-nine sepsis survivors were enrolled. After controlling for baseline age and QOL, the QOL scores were lower among patients with DC than in no-DC patients. The QOL of DC group got worse when compared to no-DC group. Recovery rate of PCS and MCS was higher in the DC group than in the no-DC group (PCS: 20.51 vs 16.96, P < .01; MCS: 19.24 vs 9.66, P < .01). Their baseline QOL was recovered only by 6 months after the sepsis episode. Conclusion: Quality-of-life impairment and its recovery rhythm in patients with sepsis appear to be conditioned by coexisting DC.

Outcome Assessment in Hemophilia: A Pilot Study on Correlation of Different Instruments.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 1032-1032
Author(s):  
Kathelijn Fischer ◽  
Frank R. Van Genderen ◽  
Piet De Kleijn ◽  
Marijke Van den Berg
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Outcome Assessment ◽  
Functional Assessment ◽  
Joint Damage ◽  
Physical Component Score ◽  
Component Score ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Sf 36

Abstract Hemophilia is a rare disease, requiring life-long treatment with expensive clotting factor concentrates. Outcome assessment in hemophilia is important to establish both results of treatment, and compare between strategies. Since the 1980s, hemophilia specific assessment tools were available only for radiological (Pettersson score) and clinical (orthopedic joint score) joint damage. Recently, the HAL (Hemophilia Activities List) was developed to assess functional limitations, and the orthopedic joint score was adapted into the HJHS (hemophilia joint health score) to assess more subtle joint damage. To assess correlation of instruments for outcome assessment, a pilot study was conducted in 22 young adults with hemophilia (15 severe, 5 moderate, 2 mild). Joint damage (Pettersson score, HJHS), physical function (self-reported: HAL, performance-based: Figure 8 test; time taken to walk around two pilons at a distance of 5 meter at maximum speed in a pattern of figure 8), Health Related Quality of Life (SF36), and utility (EQ5D) were measured. Median age was 17.8 years (range 14–30), 15 (68%) patients were treated with early prophylaxis, including all but one patient with severe hemophilia who had recently stopped taking prophylaxis. Overall outcome was good, with median HJHS score of 3.5 (range 0–30; max 140, optimum 0), median HAL score of 100 (range 62–100; max 100= optimum), and median figure 8 test 4.9 sec (range 4.2–7.4). Recent (&lt; 2 years of testing) Pettersson scores were available in only 11 patients (9 with severe, 2 with moderate hemophilia); the median score was 3 (range 0–28, max 78, optimum=0), the median physical component score of the SF36 was 53 (range 24–62), median utility (EQ5D) was 1.0 (range 0.7–1.0, optimum=1.0). Spearman’s correlations for EQ5D, and Pearson’s correlations for other instruments are shown in the table. Structural Functional Quality of Life HJHS Pettersson HAL Fig 8 SF 36 EQ5D HJHS 1 Pettersson 0.86 1 HAL −0.61 −0.26 1 Fig 8 0.51 0.51 −0.56 1 SF 36 −0.73 −0.41 0.81 −0.54 1 EQ5D −0.37 −0.04 0.76 −0.29 0.68 1 The HJHS scores showed good correlation with the Pettersson score and the physical component score of the SF36. Correlation with functional outcome assessment was only moderate, while the HAL showed a high correlation with both SF36 and EQ5D. In conclusion, the HJHS is a promising instrument for structural assessment, but functional assessment using the HAL showes higher correlation with Quality of Life and utility. For full assessment of results of treatment and to compare different treatment strategies, functional assessment, in addition to structural assessment, is warranted.

Dyspnea, Quality of Life and Walking Capacity during 1 Year Follow-up after a First Episode of Pulmonary Embolism: Results of the E.L.O.P.E. Study

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 750-750
Author(s):  
Susan R Kahn ◽  
Andrew Hirsch ◽  
Margaret Beddaoui ◽  
Arash Akaberi ◽  
David Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Physical Component Score ◽  
Component Score ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Walking Capacity ◽  
Acute Pe

Abstract Background: Most pulmonary embolism (PE) research has focused on outcomes such as mortality and PE recurrence. Patient-centered outcomes such as persistent dyspnea, impaired quality of life (QOL) and reduced walking capacity after PE have been largely unstudied. To address this knowledge gap, we performed the ELOPE (Evaluation of Longterm Outcomes after PE) study, a prospective, observational, multicenter cohort study of long-term outcomes after acute PE (www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01174628). Objectives: To describe and quantify dyspnea, quality of life and walking capacity during the 1 year following PE diagnosis. Methods: Patients ³ 18 years old with a 1st episode of acute PE diagnosed within the previous 10 days screened at 5 Canadian recruiting centers were potentially eligible to participate. Exclusion criteria were subsegmental-only PE, preexisting severe cardiopulmonary comorbidity, previous proximal DVT, contraindication to CT pulmonary angiography, life expectancy &lt;1 year, unable to read questionnaire in English and French or to attend follow-up visits, and unable or unwilling to consent. At baseline, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after PE, we measured dyspnea (UCSD Shortness of Breath Questionnaire [SOBQ]), generic QOL (SF-36), PE-specific QOL (PEmbQoL), and walking capacity (6-minute walk test (6MWT)). Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) was performed at 1 year; the primary outcome of the study was maximal aerobic capacity defined by peak oxygen uptake (VO2) as a percent of predicted maximal VO2 (VO2max) on 1-year CPET, with &lt;80% predicted VO2max considered abnormal, as per American Thoracic Society guidelines. For this analysis, we summarized demographic and clinical characteristics of study subjects, and calculated mean (SD) dyspnea scores, QOL scores and 6MWT distance at each study visit during 1 year follow-up in the total population and according to 1-year CPET result. Results: 984 patients were screened for participation; of these, 150 were eligible and 100 (67%) consented to participate. Mean (SD) age was 50 (15) years, 57% were male, 80% were outpatients and 33% had concomitant DVT. PE was provoked in 21% and unprovoked in 79%; none were cancer-related. During 1 year follow-up, SOBQ scores improved by an average of 16.9 points compared with baseline, SF-36 PCS (physical component score) by 9.0 points, SF-36 MCS (mental component score) by 5.6 points, PEmbQoL (e.g. intensity of complaints dimension) by 33.4 points, and 6MWT by 43 meters. Improvement tended to be more marked during the first 3 months after PE and tapered off thereafter. For all measures, degree of improvement was significantly reduced and 1 year scores were significantly worse among the 46.5% (40/86) of patients with &lt;80% predicted VO2max on 1-year CPET (e.g., SF-36 PCS: see Figure). Conclusions: On average, dyspnea, QOL and walking capacity improve during the year after PE, most notably during the first 3 months after PE diagnosis. However, those patients with abnormal VO2max at 1 year had less improvement over time and worse 1 year scores for all measures, compared to those with normal VO2max at 1 year. Further analyses will focus on identifying clinical, biomarker and imaging-based determinants of dyspnea, poor QOL and reduced walking capacity at 1 year after PE. Funding: Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MOP-93627) Figure 1. Figure 1. Disclosures Wells: BMS/Pfizer: Research Funding; Bayer: Honoraria.

Abstract P326: Health Status and Frailty in Assisted Living and Nursing Home Residents

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrit Kanwar ◽  
Ryan J Lennon ◽  
Kalyan Ghanta ◽  
Mandeep Singh ◽  
Veronique L Roger
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Assisted Living ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Physical Component Score ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Component Score ◽  
Sf 36

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and relationship of frailty and health status measures among residents of long-term care [nursing homes (NH) and assisted living (AL)] facilities. Resident and methods: Residents ≥ 65 years who are residents of NH and AL facilities at La Crosse county, Wisconsin, were assessed for frailty (gait speed, unintended weight loss, and grip strength), comorbidity (Charlson index), and quality of life (QOL) [Short Form (SF)-36]. Results: Among 96 participants (57 from NH and 39 from AL), 78% were frail. The prevalence of frailty (77% vs. 79%), comorbidity (2.0 vs. 2.0), and poor health status did not differ between residents of NH and AL living facilities. Frail residents were older and had higher comorbidity index (2.0 vs. 0, p=0.02), including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and heart failure. Frailty had the strongest correlation with the SF-36 Physical Component Score (r=-0.45), Figure. It exhibited weaker associations with comorbidity and the SF-36 Mental Component Score. Overall, SF-36 for physical component was lower among frail residents (33 vs. 48, p<0.001). Following adjustments by linear regression, compared to those without frailty, frail residents had lower adjusted quality of life scores. Conclusion: Frailty was highly prevalent among residents of long-term care facilities and did not differ between NH and AL facilities. We noted significant correlations between frailty, comorbid conditions, and poor quality of life.

scholarly journals Relationship between Vitamin Intake and Health-Related Quality of Life in a Japanese Population: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Shika Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1023
Author(s):  
Nobuhiko Narukawa ◽  
Hiromasa Tsujiguchi ◽  
Akinori Hara ◽  
Sakae Miyagi ◽  
Takayuki Kannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Summary Score ◽  
Physical Component Score ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Component Score ◽  
Vitamin Intake ◽  
Sf 36

Although epidemiological studies revealed a relationship between psychosocial states, such as depressive symptoms, and nutritional intake, limited information is currently available on vitamin intake. The Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) is not limited to a specific disease, it is constructed based on a universal concept of health and is used to evaluate the Quality of life (QOL). A three-component scoring method was developed for “Physical component score (PCS)”, “Mental component score (MCS)”, and “Role/social score (RCS)”. Collectively, these summary scores are called the “QOL summary score”, which is regarded as a more detailed health summary score. In the present study, we aimed at epidemiologically examine the relationship between vitamin intake and QOL in middle-aged and elderly population in 3162 residents in Japan. In women, a multiple regression analysis showed a positive correlation between all vitamin intake and PCS scores, and between vitamin B6, folic acid, vitamin C, and MCS scores. In consideration of depression as MCS of SF-36 and chronic pain as PCS, an insufficient vitamin intake may affect QOL in women; however, a causal relationship has not yet been demonstrated.

scholarly journals Surgically treated acromegaly patients have a similar quality of life whether controlled by surgery or requiring additional medical therapy (QuaLAT Study)

Pituitary ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fahad Arshad ◽  
Oluwafunto Ogunleye ◽  
Richard Ross ◽  
Miguel Debono
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Physical Component Score ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Component Score ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Purpose There is no consensus on quality of life (QOL) in patients with acromegaly requiring medical treatment after surgery compared with those achieving remission by surgery alone. Methods QuaLAT is a cross-sectional study comparing QOL in surgery-only treated acromegaly patients versus those requiring medical treatment post-surgery. Patients attending clinics were identified and divided into—Group 1: patients who had surgery only and were in biochemical remission, Group 2: all patients on medical treatment post-surgery, Group 3: patients from Group 2 with biochemical control. Participants were asked to fill three questionnaires; Acromegaly Quality of Life Questionnaire (ACROQOL), 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF36), and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). Results There were 32 patients in Group 1 and 25 in Group 2. There was no difference in QOL scores between groups 1 and 2, as measured by ACROQOL (mean difference [MD] = − 2.5, 95% CI − 16.6 to 11.6; p = 0.72), SF36v2 [Physical component score (PCS) MD = − 4.9, 95% CI − 10.9 to 1.2; p = 0.12; mental component score MD = − 3.0, 95% CI − 10.5 to 4.4; p = 0.44], or FSS (MD = − 0.004, 95% CI − 1.14 to 1.33; p = 0.1). Comparison between groups 1 and 3 however showed that PCS (and 3 subdomains) was significantly better in group 3 (MD = − 8.3, 95% CI − 14.8 to -1.8; p = 0.01). All three QOL scores were lower when compared with healthy controls. Conclusions Medical treatment not only achieves a QOL comparable to surgery, it may also be associated with better QOL in physical subdomains. When compared with healthy controls, QOL remains worse in treated acromegaly patients compared to controls.

scholarly journals POS1455-HPR RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS AND MEASURES OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS ACTIVITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1011.2-1011
Author(s):  
Y. Olyunin ◽  
V. Rybakova ◽  
E. Likhacheva ◽  
E. Nasonov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Global Assessment ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Tender Joint Count ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Patient Reported

Background:The patient-reported outcomes are important components of quantitative methods of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) activity assessment which are used to choose the appropriate drug therapy. The value of these parameters can be significantly affected not only by the inflammatory process, but also by the psychological characteristics of the patient and, in particular, by hardiness [1].Objectives:To study the relationship between psychological factors and signs of RA activity.Methods:Patients with RA who met the EULAR/ACR 2010 criteria, and observed at the V. A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology were included. Clinical examination was performed including patient global assessment (PGA), physician global assessment (PhGA), pain measurement on a visual analog scale, tender joint count (TJC), swollen joint count (SJC). The functional status was determined by HAQ, the quality of life – by SF-36 EQ-5D, the nature of pain – by painDETECT, the presence of anxiety and depression – by HADS. Patients also completed Hardiness Survey questionnaire to assess hardiness (HDS) and 3 components of the HDS – commitment (CMT), control (CT) and challenge (CLN). Disease activity was evaluated with DAS28, CDAI, and RAPID3. All patients signed informed consent to participate in the study. Analysis of the data was performed using Spearman’s rank test, Fisher exact test, qui-square and t-tests.Results:85 patients with RA were included. There were 69 women and 16 men. Mean age was 56.7±13.1 years, disease duration – 7.6±2.7 years. 72 patients were positive for rheumatoid factor, 75 – for anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody. CDAI showed high activity in 15, moderate – in 37, low – in 30, and remission in 3 patients, DAS 28 – in 10, 55, 12, and 8, and RAPID3 – in 24, 25, 15, and 21, respectively. 24 patients had subclinically or clinically expressed anxiety and 15 –subclinically or clinically expressed depression (≥8 according to HADS). In 31 patients, the painDETECT questionnaire revealed possible or probable neuropathic pain. Mean HDS was 84.8±21.7, CMT – 38.9±9.2, CT – 29.4±8.6, CLN – 17.3±7.1. These values were comparable with the corresponding population data for this age group. There was a significant inverse correlation between HDS and RA activity measures, including SJC, TJC, DAS28 (p<0.05), pain, PGA, PhGA, CDAI, RAPID3, and HAQ (p<0.01). In addition, HDS and all its components positively correlated with quality of life, assessed by SF-36 and EQ-5D (p<0.01). In patients with subclinically and clinically expressed anxiety and depression, HDS, CMT, and CT were significantly lower than in patients without anxiety and depression (p<0.01), while the values of CLN in these groups did not differ significantly.Conclusion:The results of the present study suggest that low HDS may be one of the significant factors determining RA activity level because it does not allow patients to adapt adequately to a stressful situation produced by the disease.References:[1]Maddi SR. Am Psychol. 2008 Sep;63(6):563-4.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Exercise Training for Pulmonary Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2020 ◽  
pp. 109980042098237
Author(s):  
Alsaeedi L. Albanaqi ◽  
Gholam Rasul Mohammad Rahimi ◽  
Neil A. Smart
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mental Component Score ◽  
Physical Component Score ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Component Score ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Sf 36

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a chronic disease with a notable health burden; regular exercise may improve specific health outcome measures. Objective: The objective of this meta-analysis was to estimate the effectiveness of exercise training for PH patients. Data sources: PubMed, CINAHL, SportDiscuss and Google Scholar databases and reference lists of included studies were searched. Study selection: The selection criteria were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) employing an exercise training intervention. Data were extracted from the entered studies for analysis. The primary outcomes were peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), anaerobic threshold (AT), 6-minute walk distance (6-MWD), and quality of life (QoL) measures (physical component score and mental component score). The analysis included 9 articles with a total of 302 participants: intervention (n = 154), and control (n = 148). Results: In the pooled analysis, improvements were seen in: VO2peak, mean difference (MD) 2.79 ml/kg/min (95% CI 2.00 to 3.59, p < 0.00001); AT, MD 107.83 ml/min (95% CI 39.64 to 176.00, p = 0.002); and 6-MWD, MD 46.67 meters (95% CI 32.39 to 60.96, p < 0.00001). Differences were found in the SF-36 physical component score MD 3.57 (95% CI 2.04 to 5.10, p < 0.00001) and the SF-36 mental component score MD 3.92 (95% CI 1.92 to 5.91, p = 0.001). Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrates exercise training has a beneficial effect on fitness, walking performance, and self-reported QoL in PH patients.

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