FORUM: A WORLD OF IDEAS: NEW PATHWAYS IN GLOBAL INTELLECTUAL HISTORY,C.1880–1930

This forum explores new directions in global intellectual history, engaging with the methodologies of global and transnational history to move beyond conventional territorial boundaries and master narratives. The papers focus on the period between the last decades of the nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth, an era in which the growth of cities, burgeoning print cultures and new transport and communications technology enabled the accelerated circulation and exchange of ideas throughout the globe. The proliferation of conferences, world fairs, and international congresses, the growing professionalization and definition of academic disciplines, and the enhanced circulation of scholarly journals and correspondence enabled intellectuals around the world to converse in shared vocabularies. Much of the scholarship on early twentieth-century intellectual history in the non-Western world has been viewed through the binary relationships of metropole and colony, or as nationalist reactions to colonial domination. This cluster widens the framework to consider the way in which intellectuals formed scholarly networks and gathered multiple influences to articulate new visions of community and society within a wider world of ideas. The multiplicity of imperial and transnational pathways allowed not only for “centers of calculation” in colonial metropoles, but also for points of convergence and encounter outside Europe. As these papers show, the routes by which ideas travelled brought forth a global republic of letters, composed of diverse “centers” for the collection and production of knowledge by intellectuals operating in different parts of the world.

Download Full-text

Hebrew Literature in the ‘World Republic of Letters’

Israeli Studies Review ◽

10.3167/isr.2018.330202 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 1-25

Author(s):

Yael Halevi-Wise ◽

Madeleine Gottesman

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Hebrew Literature ◽

Republic Of Letters ◽

Large Scale Data ◽

Cultural Experiences ◽

The World ◽

Modern Hebrew ◽

Nuanced Understanding ◽

Definition Of ◽

Scale Data

This article charts the international reception of modern Hebrew literature over the last hundred years. It brings large-scale data on the translation of Hebrew literature into conversation with current studies on the dissemination of ‘small’ languages around the world. We pay special attention to publishing trends, genres, literary awards, and other indicators of international recognition. More broadly, we question the scope and definition of a body of literature whose ancient traces have become invisible through translation and whose international readership includes, to some extent, members of its ‘own’ nation who do not share, however, the same language, territory, or cultural experiences. Our goal is to provide a more nuanced understanding of the presence of Hebrew literature beyond its national borders.

Download Full-text

The Decline of Calvinism: An Approach to Its Study

Comparative Studies in Society and History ◽

10.1017/s0010417500006708 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 306-327 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Daniel Walker Howe

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Twentieth Century ◽

Intellectual History ◽

Great Awakening ◽

Western World ◽

The Reformation ◽

The World ◽

History Of ◽

Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽

British Colonies

One of the major themes in the intellectual history of the Western world has been the rise and fall of Calvinism. A militant and crusading ideology during the Reformation era, Calvinism was nevertheless showing signs of losing its expansive force by the time of the Treaty of Westphalia (1648) and the Restoration of the English monarchy (1660). Before much longer, the inner conviction of Calvinist adherents as well as their determination to impose their beliefs upon others somehow faltered. Despite periodic ‘revivals’ such as the Great Awakening of the 1740s in the British colonies, the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were, for the most part, a time of gradual weakening for the Calvinist impulse. This weakening was by no means uniform; it occurred at different rates among different groups of people. (Indeed, even in the mid-twentieth century, a virtually undiluted Calvinism remains a powerful force in at least one part of the world: Afrikaans-speaking South Africa.)

Download Full-text

Democratic Trends in Foreign and Domestic Policy of Post-Reformation Indonesia: Historical Aspect

South East Asia: Actual problems of Development ◽

10.31696/2072-8271-2021-2-2-51-333-354 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 333-354

Author(s):

Nikita S. Kuklin ◽

Keyword(s):

Foreign Policy ◽

Liberal Democracy ◽

Domestic Policy ◽

Western World ◽

Historical Aspect ◽

The World ◽

National Ideology ◽

Definition Of

Liberal democracy, the theory of a democratic world and a number of other liberal theories today are strongly associated with the Western world and the globalization model of development. Critics of this trend draw attention to the need to take into account objective differences in approaches to the perception of democracy in different countries and sociocultural communities. Indonesia is one of the most striking examples of the distinctive perception of democracy at different socio-political levels, which manifests itself both in national ideology and in the people's consciousness. This article is supposed to consider the Indonesian approaches to the definition of democracy and their impact on the implementation of Indonesia's foreign policy in the world arena based on these basic foundations.

Download Full-text

Nasimi's thought and effect in Comparative Literature in Foreign Resources (Analyzing with Goethe's, S. Remiev’s and Dafydd ap Gwilym)

Revista Amazonia Investiga ◽

10.34069/ai/2020.29.05.30 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (29) ◽

pp. 264-272

Author(s):

Ghadir Golkarian

Keyword(s):

Point Of View ◽

Western World ◽

Word Of God ◽

The World ◽

Philosophical Aspect ◽

Self Knowledge ◽

Definition Of ◽

Constituent Elements ◽

Theological Thought ◽

Descriptive Method

Imadeddin Nasimi is one of the mystical poets of the 14th century as a continuation of the Hurufism movement among Turkish poets. From Nasimi's point of view, ontology has been explained based on theological thought that everything is from the first force, which is equivalent to the whole new soul of the Platonists. The first appearance and the highest manifestation is the originality, the "Word" or the "Word of God," which is called the holy word. A similar view of the origins of Plotinus can found in the poems of other talented medieval and contemporary poets. Nasimi appropriately evaluated in both Eastern and Western literature. Therefore, 2019 was declared the year of Nasimi by UNESCO. He tried to understand God, not through fear, but love and conscience. The greatness of the perfect human personality for the progress of societies can be seen in Nasimi's view. In foreign sources, the philosophical aspect of Nasimi's poems is considered more than his ideological approach. But in this article, the aim of the investigation is that the literary, mystical, and worldview aspects of Nasimi and analyzing the effect of his mystical view on other poets' poems. In this context, Goethe, Dafydd ap Gwilym, Remiev's intellectual approaches, and poems would be analyzed. In the philosophy of ontology, the importance of self-knowledge is a priority. Therefore, based on comparative studies between Nasimi's mystical thought and German, Russian, and English poets, it is possible to understand the constituent elements of the commonality between them. This research will lead to the study of philosophical-mystical themes and the similarity of views between Nasimi and other poets. The use of the research method is the analytical-descriptive method, and their poems compared and criticized. The results of the analysis show that the poets of the Western World influenced by the mystical view of the Eastern world, and the approach of literary celebrities in the world is common to the definition of a perfect human being.

Download Full-text

External economic factors of food security of Russian Federation

10.33920/vne-04-2104-02 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 253-263

Author(s):

Natalia Nikolaevna Shurakova

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Russian Federation ◽

Import Substitution ◽

Western World ◽

Economic Factors ◽

The World ◽

Characteristic Features ◽

Definition Of ◽

Agroindustrial Complex

The article is devoted to an urgent problem of our time — the problem of ensuring food security which under the infl uence of globalization and high countries’ interdependence requires to study the role of foreign economic factors in its ensuring. The analysis of the scientific literature shows that there is no comprehensive approach to the definition of external economic factors. It allowed the author to propose the definition, identify the characteristic features and classify the foreign economic factors that affect food security. It is revealed that in the current conditions of economic development the problem of various forms of malnutrition (from the defi ciency of micro — and macronutrients to obesity and exhaustion) is relevant, related to food security through the quality nutrition. The author offers the new definition of food security and concludes that the solution to the food problem today is to find a balance between the production capabilities of the national economy and the provision of necessary food with the help of factors of foreign economic activity that contribute to quality nutrition. The COVID-19 pandemic, which affects the demand, supply, production and distribution of food around the world, attaches particular importance to the topic. In this regard the Russian approach to ensuring food security is noteworthy, because over the past five years it has been formed in the difficult conditions of the aggravation of relations with the countries of the Western world. The study of the role of foreign economic factors in ensuring Russian Federation food security allowed the author to propose the new concept of Russian import substitution in the agroindustrial complex, as well as to raise the question of determining the possibilities of activating foreign economic relations for the development of the Russian agri-food sector in the context of the post-crisis economic recovery and the growth of geopolitical tensions in the world for further research.

Download Full-text

The Role of Moral Education on the Dress Code in the Higher Learning Institution

Sains Insani ◽

10.33102/sainsinsani.vol1no1.2 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 10-14

Author(s):

Ira Meilita Ibrahim ◽

Taufik A. Latif ◽

Afi Roshezry Abu Bakar ◽

Muthualagan Thangavelu

Keyword(s):

Moral Education ◽

Private University ◽

Public University ◽

Higher Learning ◽

Private Institutions ◽

Dress Code ◽

Institutions Of Higher Learning ◽

The World ◽

Definition Of

The advancement of European dress to the rest of the world was linked to the definition of civilization as “a stage of social development considered to be more advanced” and “polite and good-mannered”. The widespread of their fashion style in the 19th and 20th centuries influenced the way the rest of the world attire. The fashion trend and dressing style thus change the purpose of dressing through time. The dressing style in campuses especially in private institutions of higher learning is under particular scrutiny, as it is often said to be inappropriate for a learning environment. This study looked at the importance of moral education, and its role in implementing the dress code for students among university students especially between two types of university i.e. public university and private university. It looked on the dressing style of students, both male and female, and the factors that lead to their dressing pattern which is common among students. This study also advocated the students’ understanding of the content of dress codes in their learning institution and the role played by moral education in regard to dress code. The overall study highlighted students’ perception towards the implementation of the dress code and punishment in their learning institution. The methodologies used to carry out this study are questionnaires and interviews. This study will therefore ascertain the important of dress code among students at higher learning institution and the role of moral education in cultivating values in order to dress properly or decently. Key Words: moral education, dress code, higher learning institution, civilization.

Download Full-text

Indonesian Literature’s Position in World Literature

TEKNOSASTIK ◽

10.33365/ts.v14i2.55 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Dina Amelia

Keyword(s):

World Literature ◽

The Other ◽

National Literature ◽

Western World ◽

The World ◽

The One ◽

The Voice

There are two most inevitable issues on national literature, in this case Indonesian literature. First is the translation and the second is the standard of world literature. Can one speak for the other as a representative? Why is this representation matter? Does translation embody the voice of the represented? Without translation Indonesian literature cannot gain its recognition in world literature, yet, translation conveys the voice of other. In the case of production, publication, or distribution of Indonesian Literature to the world, translation works can be very beneficial. The position of Indonesian literature is as a part of world literature. The concept that the Western world should be the one who represent the subaltern can be overcome as long as the subaltern performs as the active speaker. If the subaltern remains silent then it means it allows the “representation” by the Western.

Download Full-text

Digital Economy: New Opportunities and Threats for the Development of the World Economy

Economics taxes & law ◽

10.26794/1999-849x-2018-11-2-18-26 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 18-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

I. A. Strelkova

Keyword(s):

World Economy ◽

Practical Experience ◽

Business Environment ◽

Digital Economy ◽

The State ◽

Market Exchange ◽

Country Level ◽

The World ◽

Business Structures ◽

Definition Of

The paper examines various approaches to the definition of the term «digital economy» in the scientific and business environment along with factors and forms of its development in different countries taking into account the specifics of the current stage of the Russian economy, which is a matter of particular importance in seeking new sources of the world economy growth. The subject of the research is opportunities and threats inherent in the process of digitalization of economies and their impact on the operation of international and national markets as well as the development of the world economy as a whole. The purpose of the paper was to analyze the practical experience in the formation and development of the digital economy in foreign countries and Russia and identify the changes it brings to the activities of state institutions and business structures, established rules of market exchange, the process of promotion and use of innovations. All the above made it possible to determine the country-level specifics of the digital economy evolution reveal the contradictory nature of its manifestations and justify the necessity for active participation of the state in stimulation and support of potentially promising digital innovations in various sectors of the economy. It is concluded that the level of the digital economy development depends on the real-sector performance, the maturity of markets, the state of the national economy. It is highlighted that the criteria for a comprehensive assessment of the results of the economy digitalization must be developed.

Download Full-text

L'anglicisme dans la langue française

Digital Press Social Sciences and Humanities ◽

10.29037/digitalpress.43286 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 00013

Author(s):

Danny Susanto

Keyword(s):

English Language ◽

Oil Industry ◽

English Word ◽

Public Institutions ◽

Font Size ◽

The World ◽

French Speaking ◽

The Difference ◽

Definition Of ◽

Bibliographic Study

The purpose of this study is to analyze the phenomenon known as “anglicism”: a loan made to the English language by another language. Anglicism arose either from the adoption of an English word as a result of a translation defect despite the existence of an equivalent term in the language of the speaker, or from a wrong translation, as a word-by-word translation. Said phenomenon is very common nowadays and most languages of the world including making use of some linguistic concepts such as anglicism, neologism, syntax, morphology etc, this article addresses various aspects related to Anglicisms in French through a bibliographic study: the definition of Anglicism, the origin of Anglicisms in French and the current situation, the areas most affected by Anglicism, the different categories of Anglicism, the difference between French Anglicism in France and French-speaking Canada, the attitude of French-speaking society towards to the Anglicisms and their efforts to stop this phenomenon. The study shows that the areas affected are, among others, trade, travel, parliamentary and judicial institutions, sports, rail, industrial production and most recently film, industrial production, sport, oil industry, information technology, science and technology. Various initiatives have been implemented either by public institutions or by individuals who share concerns about the increasingly felt threat of the omnipresence of Anglicism in everyday life.

Download Full-text

SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENT FEATURES OF HAND GESTURES IN AMERICAN AND KYRGYZ CULTURES

Vestnik Bishkek Humanities University ◽

10.35254/bhu.2019.49.23 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 19-22

Author(s):

Avtandil kyzy Ya

Keyword(s):

Everyday Life ◽

Facial Expressions ◽

Main Part ◽

Body Language ◽

Hand Gestures ◽

Common Definition ◽

The World ◽

The Common ◽

Definition Of ◽

Different Cultures

Abstract: This paper highlights similarities and different features of the category of kinesics “hand gestures”, its frequency usage and acceptance by different individuals in two different cultures. This study shows its similarities, differences and importance of the gestures, for people in both cultures. Consequently, kinesics study was mentioned as a main part of body language. As indicated in the article, the study kinesics was not presented in the Kyrgyz culture well enough, though Kyrgyz people use hand gestures a lot in their everyday life. The research paper begins with the common definition of hand gestures as a part of body language, several handshake categories like: the finger squeeze, the limp fish, the two-handed handshake were explained by several statements in the English and Kyrgyz languages. Furthermore, this article includes definitions and some idioms containing hand, shake, squeeze according to the Oxford and Academic Dictionary to show readers the figurative meanings of these common words. The current study was based on the books of writers Allan and Barbara Pease “The definite book of body language” 2004, Romana Lefevre “Rude hand gestures of the world”2011 etc. Key words: kinesics, body language, gestures, acoustics, applause, paralanguage, non-verbal communication, finger squeeze, perceptions, facial expressions. Аннотация. Бул макалада вербалдык эмес сүйлѳшүүнүн бѳлүгү болуп эсептелген “колдордун жандоо кыймылы”, алардын эки башка маданиятта колдонулушу, айырмачылыгы жана окшош жактары каралган. Макаланын максаты болуп “колдордун жандоо кыймылынын” мааниси, айырмасы жана эки маданиятта колдонулушу эсептелет. Ошону менен бирге, вербалдык эмес сүйлѳшүүнүн бѳлүгү болуп эсептелген “кинесика” илими каралган. Берилген макалада кѳрсѳтүлгѳндѳй, “кинесика” илими кыргыз маданиятында толугу менен изилденген эмес, ошого карабастан “кинесика” илиминин бѳлүгү болуп эсептелген “колдордун жандоо кыймылы” кыргыз элинин маданиятында кѳп колдонулат. Андан тышкары, “колдордун жандоо кыймылынын” бир нече түрү, англис жана кыргыз тилдеринде ма- селен аркылуу берилген.Тѳмѳнкү изилдѳѳ ишин жазууда чет элдик жазуучулардын эмгектери колдонулду. Түйүндүү сѳздѳр: кинесика, жандоо кыймылы, акустика,кол чабуулар, паралингвистика, вербалдык эмес баарлашуу,кол кысуу,кабыл алуу сезими. Аннотация. В данной статье рассматриваются сходства и различия “жестикуляции” и частота ее использования, в американской и кыргызской культурах. Следовательно, здесь было упомянуто понятие “кинесика” как основная часть языка тела. Как указано в статье, “кинесика” не была представлена в кыргызской культуре достаточно хорошо, хотя кыргызский народ часто использует жестикуляцию в повседневной жизни. Исследовательская работа начинается с общего определения “жестикуляции” как части языка тела и несколько категорий жестикуляции, таких как: сжатие пальца, слабое рукопожатие, рукопожатие двумя руками, были объяснены несколькими примерами на английском и кыргызском языках. Кроме того, эта статья включает определения слов “рука”, “рукопожатие”, “сжатие” и некоторые идиомы, содержащие данных слов согласно Оксфордскому и Академическому словарю, чтобы показать читателям их образное значение. Данное исследование было основано на книгах писателей Аллана и Барбары Пиз «Определенная книга языка тела» 2004 года, Романа Лефевра «Грубые жестикуляции мира» 2011 года и т.д. Ключевые слова: кинесика, язык жестов, жесты, акустика, аплодисменты, паралингвистика, невербальная коммуникация, сжатие пальца, чувство восприятия, выражение лиц.

Download Full-text