Biodiversity of date palms ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) in Sudan: chemical, morphological and DNA polymorphisms of selected cultivars

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (02) ◽  
pp. 194-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakina Elshibli ◽  
Helena Korpelainen
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Large Set ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Date Palms ◽  
Wide Range

Date palm fruits of 15 cultivars were collected at harvest (Tamr stage) from the Nori Horticultural Orchard in the Northern State of Sudan for morphological and chemical characterization. Morphological and DNA polymorphisms of the mother trees were also investigated. Significant (P < 0.001) differentiation of cultivars in relation to tree height, and number and length of pinnae and spines was observed. Fruit weight, flesh weight and fruit and seed sizes expressed a wide range of diversity among cultivars. Significant differences were also observed among cultivars for all tested sugars (P < 0.001). Titratable acidity was found to be a characteristic feature of almost every cultivar. The results of DNA genotyping indicated high genetic diversity among cultivars with Nei's genetic distances ranging from 0.693 to 3.496, and expected and observed heterozygosity equalling 0.837 and 0.950, respectively. This study highlights the diversity of date palms in Sudan, as represented by apparent morphological characters, chemical composition of fruits as well as DNA polymorphism. The employment of different techniques for data analyses gave conclusive ideas on some interrelationships among a large set of characters; the knowledge of such relationships can be utilized for screening date palm cultivars for possible descriptors.

scholarly journals Determination of Actual Evapotranspiration and Crop Coefficients of California Date Palms Using the Residual of Energy Balance Approach

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliasghar Montazar ◽  
Robert Krueger ◽  
Dennis Corwin ◽  
Alireza Pourreza ◽  
Cayle Little ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Actual Evapotranspiration ◽  
Date Palms ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Crop Coefficients

As water scarcity becomes of greater concern in arid and semi-arid regions due to altered weather patterns, greater and more accurate knowledge regarding evapotranspiration of crops produced in these areas is of increased significance to better manage limited water resources. This study aimed at determining the actual evapotranspiration (ETa) and crop coefficients (Ka) in California date palms. The residual of energy balance method using a combination of surface renewal and eddy covariance techniques was applied to measure ETa in six commercial mature date palm orchards (8–22 years old) over one year. The experimental orchards represent various soil types and conditions, irrigation management practices, canopy characteristics, and the most common date cultivars in the region. The results demonstrated considerable variability in date palm consumptive water use, both spatially and temporally. The cumulative ETa (CETa) across the six sites ranged from 1299 to 1501 mm with a mean daily ETa of 7.2 mm day−1 in June–July and 1.0 mm day−1 in December at the site with the highest crop water consumption. The mean monthly Ka values varied between 0.63 (December) and 0.90 (June) in the non-salt-affected, sandy loam soil date palms with an average density of 120 plants ha−1 and an average canopy cover and tree height of more than 80% and 11.0 m, respectively. However, the values ranged from 0.62 to 0.75 in a silty clay loam saline-sodic date palm orchard with 55% canopy cover, density of 148 plants ha−1, and 7.3 m tree height. Inverse relationships were derived between the CETa and soil salinity (ECe) in the crop root zone; and between the mean annual Ka and ECe. This information addresses the immediate needs of date growers for irrigation management in the region and enables them to more efficiently utilize water and to achieve full economic gains in a sustainable manner, especially as water resources become less available or more expensive.

scholarly journals Physical and physico-chemical characterization of pequi from of the region of Sete Lagoas, MG.

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
L. S. Garcia ◽  
P. Nascimento ◽  
M. N. S. Guedes ◽  
A. G. Souza ◽  
E. M. Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Volume Percentage ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Matrix

The Pequizeiro is a species that belongs to the Brazilian cerrado. Its fruits are the drupácea composed of: epicarpio of greenish color, mesocarpio corosa eternal whitish, and to compose what is known as pyrene, fleshy inner mesocarp, rich in oil, yellow or orange, with stone core covered with thorns that covers A rich whitish brown in oils, as well as the inner mesocarp is edible. The objective of this work was to characterize the physical parameters (fruit weight, volume, percentage sphericity and yield of pulp and nuts) and physicochemical parameters (pH, titratable acidity and total soluble solids) of the region of Sete Lagoas, in Minas Gerais The matrix presents fruits with better desirable characteristics, the processing of these fruits, the mother was 14. Taking into account the percentage of yield of the pulp and brown, the matrix showed higher values for this parameter is the matrix 17. The parameters Physicochemistry did not vary significantly among the studied matrices.

scholarly journals Chemometric Comparison and Classification of 22 Apple Genotypes Based on Texture Analysis and Physico-Chemical Quality Attributes

Horticulturae ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Andruța E. Mureșan ◽  
Adriana F. Sestras ◽  
Mădălina Militaru ◽  
Adriana Păucean ◽  
Anda E. Tanislav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Key Steps

The large number of cultivars belonging to the cultivated apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) reflects an extremely wide range of variability, including for fruit quality traits. To evaluate some characteristics of fruit quality, 22 apple genotypes were selected from a collection of germplasms containing more than 600 accessions, based on different considerations, including the use of fruits (dessert, cooking, processing, juice, cider, multipurpose). The mean water content of the studied apple genotypes was 85.05%, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 2.74%; the mean ash content was 2.32% with a CV of 22.1%, and the mean total soluble solids was 16.22% with a CV of 17.78%, indicating a relatively small difference between genotypes for these indices. On the contrary, relatively large differences were registered between genotypes for fruit weight, volume, and titratable acidity with means of 119.52 g, 155 mL, and 0.55% malic acid, and CVs of 35.17%, 34.58%, and 54.3%, respectively. The results showed that peel hardness varied between 3.80 and 13.69 N, the toughness between 0.2 and 1.07 mm, the flesh hardness between 0.97 and 4.76 N, and the hardness work between 6.88 and 27.84 mJ. The current study can emphasize the possibility of choosing the appropriate apple cultivars to cross in the breeding process and how future strategies can help apple breeders select breeding parents, which are essential key steps when breeding new apple cultivars. In addition, multivariate analysis has proven to be a useful tool in assessing the relationships between Malus genetic resources.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical characterization and biometry of fruits of ‘pequi’ in Western Bahia

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 791-796
Author(s):  
Roxana S. M. Nascimento ◽  
Fabio D. M. Cocozza
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Fruit Pulp ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Physico Chemical

<title>ABSTRACT</title><p>In Cerrado, there are numerous native fruit species with potential for use in traditional systems of agricultural production. In this context, the ‘pequi’ stands out in this biome by its great economic value in Central Brazil. Therefore, this work aimed to study the physical and physico-chemical characterization of Pequi fruits in the Western Region of Bahia. Three hundred fruits were sampled from ten matrices which were collected in an area of the municipality of Angical, BA and conducted to the Seed Laboratory of the State University of Bahia - UNEB. For physical evaluations, the fruit weight; longitudinal and transversal diameters of the fruit; total weight of seeds per fruit; pulp weight, peel weight and pulp yield were considered. As for the physico-chemical evaluations, the fruit pulp was subjected to the determinations of pH, the soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA) and the relation between soluble solids and titratable acidity. For the variables, longitudinal and transversal diameters, the pulp weight, peel weight, seed weight, fruit weight and pulp yield, the mean were, respectively, 63.49 and 61.29 mm, 12.51, 101.91, 27.48, 114.41 g and 11.17%. However, with regard to pH, SS, AT and SS/AT, means were 5.32, 11.95 °Brix, 1.76 and 11.53. The results indicated that there are statistically significant differences between all the physical and physico-chemical variables evaluated.</p>

The effects of date pollinizer variety and pollination time on fruit set and yield of Medjhol date palm

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdoul Amir Rahnama ◽  
Esmaeil Rahkhodaei
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Female Flowers

Date palm is unisexual, being either male or female. Male and female flowers grow on buds called Spathe, which opens naturally when fully mature. It is easy to identify the male and female flowers. Under the method of manual pollination, pollen from a male flower is smeared over female flowers. The pollen variety and pollination time have important effects on date palm fruit set, yield and quality. This experiment was carried out to study the effect of date pollinizer variety and pollination time on fruit set, growth and development of Medjhol date palm variety, in date palm garden of date palm and tropical fruit research institute of Iran during three years from 2009 to 2011. The trail was randomized complete block design in factorial manner with three pollen variety as Ghaname, Vardy, and Samesmave, two pollination time as 1-3 days before or after spathe opening and four replication. The results showed that the Vardy pollen had significant effects and increased the fertility percent and fruit yield, rather than two other pollen varieties. The pollen variety had no significant effects on fruit quality as total sugar, acidity, and bricx. The pollination time before spathe opening significantly increased fertility percent, decreased fruit weight and date palm yield. Finally the pollen variety and pollination time interaction effects showed that, application of Vardy pollen from 1-3 days after spathe opening with the most production date palm yield, equal 19.9 kilogram per any date palm trees, so this treatment is the best and are recommended.

scholarly journals Higher Temperatures Decrease Fruit Size in Strawberry Growing in the Subtropics

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Christopher Menzel
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Solids Content

Five strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cultivars were grown in Queensland, Australia to determine whether higher temperatures affect production. Transplants were planted on 29 April and data collected on growth, marketable yield, fruit weight and the incidence of small fruit less than 12 g until 28 October. Additional data were collected on fruit soluble solids content (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA) from 16 September to 28 October. Minimum temperatures were 2 °C to 4 °C higher than the long-term averages from 1965 to 1990. Changes in marketable yield followed a dose-logistic pattern (p < 0.001, R2s = 0.99). There was a strong negative relationship between fruit weight (marketable) and the average daily mean temperature in the four or seven weeks before harvest from 29 July to 28 October (p < 0.001, R2s = 0.90). There were no significant relationships between SSC and TA, and temperatures in the eight days before harvest from 16 September to 28 October (p > 0.05). The plants continued to produce a marketable crop towards the end of the season, but the fruit were small and more expensive to harvest. Higher temperatures in the future are likely to affect the economics of strawberry production in subtropical locations.

scholarly journals High-density linkage map construction and identification of loci regulating fruit quality traits in blueberry

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Molla F. Mengist ◽  
Hamed Bostan ◽  
Elisheba Young ◽  
Kristine L. Kay ◽  
Nicholas Gillitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Map ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
High Density ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Quality Traits ◽  
High Density Linkage Map

AbstractFruit quality traits play a significant role in consumer preferences and consumption in blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L). The objectives of this study were to construct a high-density linkage map and to identify the underlying genetic basis of fruit quality traits in blueberry. A total of 287 F1 individuals derived from a cross between two southern highbush blueberry cultivars, ‘Reveille’ and ‘Arlen’, were phenotyped over three years (2016–2018) for fruit quality-related traits, including titratable acidity, pH, total soluble solids, and fruit weight. A high-density linkage map was constructed using 17k single nucleotide polymorphisms markers. The linkage map spanned a total of 1397 cM with an average inter-loci distance of 0.08 cM. The quantitative trait loci interval mapping based on the hidden Markov model identified 18 loci for fruit quality traits, including seven loci for fruit weight, three loci for titratable acidity, five loci for pH, and three loci for total soluble solids. Ten of these loci were detected in more than one year. These loci explained phenotypic variance ranging from 7 to 28% for titratable acidity and total soluble solid, and 8–13% for pH. However, the loci identified for fruit weight did not explain more than 10% of the phenotypic variance. We also reported the association between fruit quality traits and metabolites detected by Proton nuclear magnetic resonance analysis directly responsible for these fruit quality traits. Organic acids, citric acid, and quinic acid were significantly (P < 0.05) and positively correlated with titratable acidity. Sugar molecules showed a strong and positive correlation with total soluble solids. Overall, the study dissected the genetic basis of fruit quality traits and established an association between these fruit quality traits and metabolites.

scholarly journals A developmentally descriptive method for quantifying shape in gastropod shells

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (163) ◽  
pp. 20190721
Author(s):  
J. Larsson ◽  
A. M. Westram ◽  
S. Bengmark ◽  
T. Lundh ◽  
R. K. Butlin
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Shell Shape ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Littorina Saxatilis ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Gastropod Shell ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Descriptive Method

The growth of snail shells can be described by simple mathematical rules. Variation in a few parameters can explain much of the diversity of shell shapes seen in nature. However, empirical studies of gastropod shell shape variation typically use geometric morphometric approaches, which do not capture this growth pattern. We have developed a way to infer a set of developmentally descriptive shape parameters based on three-dimensional logarithmic helicospiral growth and using landmarks from two-dimensional shell images as input. We demonstrate the utility of this approach, and compare it to the geometric morphometric approach, using a large set of Littorina saxatilis shells in which locally adapted populations differ in shape. Our method can be modified easily to make it applicable to a wide range of shell forms, which would allow for investigations of the similarities and differences between and within many different species of gastropods.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and population structure of date palms (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in Ethiopia using microsatellite markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Workia Ahmed ◽  
Tileye Feyissa ◽  
Kassahun Tesfaye ◽  
Sumaira Farrakh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Information Content ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Date Palms ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity

Abstract Background Date palm tree (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a perennial monocotyledonous plant belonging to the Arecaceae family, a special plant with extraordinary nature that gives eminent contributions in agricultural sustainability and huge socio-economic value in many countries of the world including Ethiopia. Evaluation of genetic diversity across date palms at DNA level is very important for breeding and conservation. The result of this study could help to design for genetic improvement and develop germplasm introduction programmes of date palms mainly in Ethiopia. Results In this study, 124 date palm genotypes were collected, and 10 polymorphic microsatellite markers were used. Among 10 microsatellites, MPdCIR085 and MPdCIR093 loci showed the highest value of observed and expected heterozygosity, maximum number of alleles, and highest polymorphic information content values. A total of 112 number of alleles were found, and the mean number of major allele frequency was 0.26, with numbers ranging from 0.155 (MPdCIR085) to 0.374 (MPdCIR016); effective number of alleles with a mean value of 6.61, private alleles ranged from 0.0 to 0.65; observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.355 to 0.726; expected heterozygosity varied from 0.669 to 0.906, polymorphic information content with a mean value of 0.809; fixation index individuals relative to subpopulations ranged from 0.028 for locus MPdCIR032 to 0.548 for locus MPdCIR025, while subpopulations relative to total population value ranged from − 0.007 (MPdCIR070) to 0.891 (MPdCIR015). All nine accesstions, neighbour-joining clustering analysis, based on dissimilarity coefficient values were grouped into five major categories; in population STRUCTURE analysis at highest K value, three groups were formed, whereas DAPC separated date palm genotypes into eight clusters using the first two linear discriminants. Principal coordinate analysis was explained, with a 17.33% total of variation in all populations. Generally, the result of this study revealed the presence of allele variations and high heterozygosity (> 0.7) in date palm genotypes. Conclusions Microsatellites (SSR) are one of the most preferable molecular markers for the study of genetic diversity and population structure of plants. In this study, we found the presence of genetic variations of date palm genotypes in Ethiopia; therefore, these genetic variations of date palms is important for crop improvement and conservation programmes; also, it will be used as sources of information to national and international genbanks.

Cholinium-amino acid based ionic liquids: a new method of synthesis and physico-chemical characterization

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (32) ◽  
pp. 20687-20698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena De Santis ◽  
Giancarlo Masci ◽  
Francesco Casciotta ◽  
Ruggero Caminiti ◽  
Eleonora Scarpellini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
New Method ◽  
Room Temperature Ionic Liquids ◽  
Synthetic Method ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Wide Range

Fourteen cholinium-amino acid based room temperature ionic liquids were prepared using a cleaner synthetic method. Chemicophysical properties were well correlated with the wide range of amino acid chemical structures.

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