Morphological diversity in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) germplasm accessions

Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) is an important solanaceous vegetable in many countries of Asia and Africa. It is a good source of minerals and vitamins in the tropical diets. Assessment of genetic resources is the starting point of any crop improvement programme. In India, the National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources is the nodal institute for management of germplasm resources of crop plants and holds more than 2500 accessions of brinjal in its genebank. In the present study, morphological diversity in a set of 622 accessions, comprising 543 accessions from indigenous sources and 79 accessions of exotic origin, was assessed. Wide range of variations for 31 descriptors, 13 quantitative and 18 qualitative, were recorded. The wide regional variations for plant, flower and fruit descriptors revealed enough scope for improvement of yield characters by selection. The genetic differences among the landraces are potentially relevant to breeding programmes in that the variability created through hybridization of the contrasting forms could be exploited.

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NUMERICAL ANALYSES OF LEAF AND FRUIT EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY IN Moringa oleifera LAM

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v77.6368 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 77 (13) ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Andrawus Zhigila ◽

Sulaiman Mohammed ◽

Felix Ayodele Oladele ◽

Fatima B. J. Sawa

Keyword(s):

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Morphological Diversity ◽

External Morphology ◽

Numerical Analyses ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Quantitative Characters ◽

Diversity Assessment ◽

Wide Range ◽

Improvement Programme

The wide range of uses of Moringa oleifera in recent time has witnessed increasing demand of its foliar and seed products in nutritional, medical and ecological applications. The upsurge of demand for these products needs to be balanced with new varieties of improved performance to meet the supply chain. To achieve this, morphological diversity assessment is prerequisite for future crop improvement programme. Therefore, numerical analyses of the external morphology of leaf and fruit of thirty accessions of Moringa oleifera were assessed. The study was carried out on both qualitative and quantitative characters to assess the diversity at morphological level to establish the phenetic relationships and the delimitation of accessions. Relationship studies showed considerable correlation between the leaf and fruits characters that produced clear and reproducible threats and were selected for diversity study. Numerical analysis of the qualitative and quantitative characters clustered the accessions into five groups – operational taxonomic units (OTUs) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 were clustered in group one; OTUs 6 and 8 were clustered in group two and three respectively; OTUs 15 and 16 in group four and OUT 23 in group five cluster membership. Principal Component Analysis was carried out to augment the Cluster Analysis which showed large morphological diversity existing in accessions of Moringa oleifera hence, infraspecific classification is hereby proposed. These analysis particularly traits related to leaf and fruits yield can also be utilised for crop improvement programme.

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Variation for selected morphological and quality-related traits among 178 faba bean landraces collected from Turkey

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262113000208 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 5-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Tolga Karaköy ◽

Faheem Shehzad Baloch ◽

Faruk Toklu ◽

Hakan Özkan

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Faba Bean ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

A Priori ◽

Gene Pools ◽

Mini Core Collection ◽

Mediterranean Countries ◽

Wide Range ◽

Breeding Programmes

Faba bean is cultivated worldwide and widely used in Mediterranean countries, Asia and Europe. However, only a few faba bean breeders are active in cultivar development. As a result, a limited number of varieties are available for growers. Plant genetic resources or germplasm are fundamental sources for plant breeding, and the assessment of the genetic diversity among germplasm accessions is useful to facilitate more efficient use of plant genetic resources. A mini-core collection of faba bean germplasm (178 landraces and four cultivars), from diverse geographic regions of Turkey, was assessed for agro-morphological performance and some quality traits. There were substantial variations for the investigated morphological and quality characteristics. The analysis of variance revealed that the differences among 182 accessions were significant for all the studied characters. Some accessions showed very good agronomic performance for some traits. Positive and negative correlations existed among different morphological and agronomic traits. Landraces have been classified into four different groups using a cluster analysis. These results suggest that an a priori classification of accessions according to the growing area does not strictly correspond to phenotypic grouping. From the spatial distribution of landraces, however, it has been possible to identify ‘superior’ accessions of some traits. These findings indicate a number of useful traits in the gene pools and a wide range of phenotypic variation that provides a good source of diversity for use in modern faba bean breeding programmes.

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Germplasm Conservation as a Key for Food Security

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology ◽

10.22214/ijraset.2021.37396 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (VIII) ◽

pp. 462-464

Author(s):

M. K. Srivastava

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

National Level ◽

Germplasm Conservation ◽

Ex Situ ◽

National Bureau ◽

Germplasm Exchange ◽

Food And Nutritional Security

Security of any country as well as the whole world can be ensure through the conservation of germplasm since they are genetic resources that can be used to prolong a population of an organism. Plant genetic resources (PGR) are the foundation of agriculture as well as food and nutritional security. The ICAR-NBPGR is key institution at national level for management of PGR in India under Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi. India being rich in both flora and fauna germplasm diversity also have challenge of protecting its natural heritage. At the same time, we also have mutually beneficial strategies for germplasm exchange with other countries. The National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR) activities include PGR exploration, collection, exchange, characteri- zation, evaluation, conservation and documentation. It also perform the responsibility to carry out quarantine of all imported PGR. NBPGR collects and acquires germplasm from various sources, conserves it in the Genebank, characterizes and evaluates it for different traits and provides ready material for breeders to develop varieties for farmers. At present, the National Genebank conserves more than 0.45 million accessions. NBPGR is responsible for identifying trait-specific pre-adapted climate resilient genotypes, promising material with disease resistance and quality traits which the breeders use for various crop improvement programmes. The prime focus area of research of NBPGR at present is is on characterization of ex situ conserved germplasm and detailed evaluation of prioritized crops for enhanced utilization. identification of novel genes and alleles for enhanced utilization of PGR; identification and deployment of germplasm/landraces.

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Evaluation of phenotypic diversity and geographical variation of cultivated (Eruca sativa L.) and wild (Diplotaxis tenuifolia L.) rocket plant

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262111000657 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 454-463 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M. Kadri Bozokalfa ◽

Dursun Eşiyok ◽

Hülya İlbi ◽

Süleyman Kavak ◽

Tansel Kaygısız Aşçıoğul

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Geographical Origin ◽

Plant Traits ◽

Phenotypic Diversity ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Principal Component ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Mediterranean Countries ◽

Wide Range ◽

Breeding Programmes

Rocket (Eruca spp. and Diplotaxis spp.) is widely cultivated as a green vegetable in Mediterranean countries, Europe, United States and Brazil, but few rocket cultivars are available and limited variety selection has taken place. Plant genetic resources and germplasm are fundamental sources for plant breeding, and the assessment of the genetic diversity among germplasm accessions is useful to facilitate the more efficient use of plant genetic resources. The objective of this study was to characterize phenotypic diversity and relationships among genotypes of Eruca and Diplotaxis originating from 11 countries across three regions (Europe, Africa and Asia). Principal component analyses explained over 85% of total variation for 51 qualitative and quantitative agromorphological traits. Cluster analyses divided the accessions into five major clusters according to plant traits, siliqua properties and geographical origin of genotype with a few exceptions. These findings indicate a number of useful traits in the gene pool and a wide range of phenotypic variation that provides a good source of diversity for use in modern Eruca breeding programmes.

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Note on 40 years of organized international cooperation in buckwheat research / Zapis ob 40 letnici organiziranega mednarodnega sodelovanja pri raziskavah ajde

Folia biologica et geologica ◽

10.3986/fbg0061 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 5-6

Author(s):

Ivan Kreft

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

International Symposium ◽

Genetic Resources ◽

International Cooperation ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

National Bureau ◽

North Eastern ◽

14Th International Symposium

The Department of Botany, North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Shillong, India in collaboration with ICAR - National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), India, and DBT - Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), India organized the 14th International Symposium on Buckwheat ...

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Plant genetic resources in crop improvement

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1079/pgr200430 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 3-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

B. I. G. Haussmann ◽

H. K. Parzies ◽

T. Presterl ◽

Z. Su?i? ◽

T. Miedaner

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Crop Improvement

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Broadening the genetic base of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) through germplasm enhancement

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1079/pgr200445 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 143-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

I.S. Bisht ◽

K.V. Bhat ◽

S. Lakhanpaul ◽

B.K. Biswas ◽

M. Pandiyan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Large Scale ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Sesamum Indicum ◽

Genetic Enhancement ◽

National Bureau ◽

Oil Crops ◽

Rich Diversity ◽

Ancient Times ◽

Realized Genetic Gains

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the world's oldest oil crops and has been cultivated in Asia from ancient times. India has a rich diversity of this crop and a landrace collection is maintained at the National Genebank at the National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR). The breeding potential of this germplasm has been hardly exploited to date. The major hindrance for the utilization of these resources is the transfer of diversity into a form that can be easily used by breeders and farmers. As part of a core collection strategy, a selection was made of 24 of the most diverse and unadapted parental lines, including one accession of the wild species S. mulayanum, and these were intercrossed in various combinations to maximize genetic diversity and to develop locally adapted pools of genetic resources. A weak and decentralized selection regime was maintained at four selected target sites on the progeny of 103 crosses. The range of variation in the selected F4 progenies was assessed, and promising types with desired plant characteristics and high seed yield were selected. Realized genetic gains, especially for yield-related traits, were also assessed. Only a limited fraction of the existing diversity held in the genebank was used in the present study and there is much more diversity available for large-scale genetic enhancement of sesame in the future.

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The relationship between national plant genetic resources programmes and practitioners promoting on-farm management: results from a global survey

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262113000269 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 143-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Linn Borgen Nilsen ◽

Abishkar Subedi ◽

Mohammad Ehsan Dulloo ◽

Kakoli Ghosh ◽

Jorge Chavez-Tafur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Sustainable Use ◽

Farm Management ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Global Survey ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

National Programmes ◽

Wide Range ◽

On Farm

A global survey was conducted among a wide range of stakeholders to gain insight into the state of on-farm management (OFM) as a strategy for enhancing the conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA). The results show that OFM is not considered a priority in national PGRFA programmes (NPGRPs), and that OFM practitioners and their organizations are not always aware of, or involved in, NPGRPs. The survey also highlighted the lack of awareness, understanding and collaboration between OFM practitioners and the managers and policy-makers associated with NPGRPs. The outcome of the analysis supports a hypothesis that OFM is, to a large extent, supported by stakeholders who are not directly engaged in the conservation and use of PGRFA, and therefore not associated with NPGRPs. This should be taken into consideration when seeking to improve the performance and impact of national programmes, and their commitment to safeguard PGRFA and contribute to food security, poverty alleviation and sustainable agriculture.

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The use of ex situ conserved plant genetic resources

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1079/pgr200313 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 19-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Toby Hodgkin ◽

V. Ramanatha Rao ◽

Angélica Cibrian-Jaramillo ◽

Samy Gaiji

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Resources ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Production Systems ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Recent Information ◽

Wide Range ◽

Barriers To Use ◽

The Many

AbstractPlant genetic resources are conserved so that they can be used to improve crop plant pro- duction and in other ways. However, it is often asserted that use of ex situ conserved germplasm is inadequate and that genetic diversity maintained in genebanks is underutilized. In part, this reflects an incomplete recognition of what constitutes use of plant genetic resources, and of the many different ways in which material from genebanks contributes to improved agricultural production. Based on recent information from surveys of distribution of germplasm from genebanks, and from surveys of users, we suggest that the evidence indicates that there is substantial use of ex situ conserved materials for a wide range of different uses. We suggest that barriers to use of ex situ conserved germplasm may often result from a lack in numbers of users, and from limitations in capacity to effectively utilize the genetic diversity present in genebanks to reduce genetic vulnerability and increase sustainability in modern production systems.

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