scholarly journals Fabrication and Evaluation of a MEMS Piezoelectric Bimorph Generator for Vibration Energy Harvesting

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Lee ◽  
S. C. Lin ◽  
W. J. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Resistive Load ◽  
Piezoelectric Bimorph ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Parallel Polarization ◽  
Piezoelectric Layers

ABSTRACTWe present the development of a MEMS piezoelectric bimorph generator, a cantilever type bimorph which was formed by laminating two PZT piezoelectric layers. Our bimorph generator can scavenge mechanical energy from ambient vibrations and transform it into useful electrical energy. Two poling configurations of the PZT piezoelectric layers of our bimorph MEMS generator were fabricated and tested. A tip proof mass used for adjusting the resonance frequency was also demonstrated. Experimental results confirm that our device possessed a maximum open-circuit output voltage of 1.91VP-P and a 3.42VP-P for a parallel polarization device and a serial polarization device, respectively with a 2g externally applied vibration. At an optimal resistive load, the maximum output power was 1.548μ–W and 1.778μ–W for a parallel polarization device and a serial polarization device, respectively.

scholarly journals Rolling Spherical Triboelectric Nanogenerators (RS-TENG) under Low-Frequency Ocean Wave Action

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Yuzhou Wang ◽  
Ali Matin Nazar ◽  
Jiajun Wang ◽  
Kequan Xia ◽  
Delin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Ocean Waves ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Wave Action ◽  
Ocean Wave ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerators

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG), which convert mechanical energy (such as ocean waves) from the surrounding environment into electrical energy, have been identified as a green energy alternative for addressing the environmental issues resulting from the use of traditional energy resources. In this experimental design, we propose rolling spherical triboelectric nanogenerators (RS-TENG) for collecting energy from low-frequency ocean wave action. Copper and aluminum were used to create a spherical frame which functions as the electrode. In addition, different sizes of spherical dielectric (SD1, SD2, SD3, and SD4) were developed in order to compare the dielectric effect on output performance. This design places several electrodes on each side of the spherical structure such that the dielectric layers are able to move with the slightest oscillation and generate electrical energy. The performance of the RS-TENG was experimentally investigated, with the results indicating that the spherical dielectrics significantly impact energy harvesting performance. On the other hand, the triboelectric materials (i.e., copper and aluminum) play a less important role. The copper RS-TENG with the largest spherical dielectrics is the most efficient structure, with a maximum output of 12.75 V in open-circuit and a peak power of approximately 455 nW.

scholarly journals A C-Battery Scale Energy Harvester: Part A — System Dynamics

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Nico ◽  
Elisabetta Boco ◽  
Ronan Frizzell ◽  
Jeff Punch
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Vibrational Energy ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Resistive Load ◽  
Sinusoidal Excitation

In recent years, the development of small and low power electronics has led to the deployment of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) that are largely used in military and civil applications. Vibrational energy harvesting can be used to power these sensors in order to obviate the costs of battery replacement. Vibrational energy harvesters (VEHs) are devices that convert the kinetic energy present in the ambient into electrical energy using three principal transduction mechanisms: piezoelectric, electromagnetic or electrostatic. The investigation presented in this paper specifically aims to realize a device that converts vibrations from different ambient sources to electrical energy for powering autonomous wireless sensors. A “C-battery” scale (25.5 mm diameter by 57.45 mm long, 29.340 cm3) two Degree-of-Freedom (2-DoF) nonlinear electromagnetic energy harvester, which employs velocity amplification, is presented in this paper. Velocity amplification is achieved through sequential collisions between two free-moving masses, a primary (larger) and a secondary (smaller) mass. The nonlinearities are due to the use of multiple masses and the use of magnetic springs between the primary mass and the housing, and between the primary and secondary masses. Part A of this paper presents a detailed experimental characterization of the system dynamics, while Part B describes the design and verification of the magnet/coil interaction for optimum prototype power output. The harvester is characterized experimentally under sinusoidal excitation for different geometrical configurations and also under the excitation of an air-compressor. The maximum output power generated under sinusoidal excitation of arms = 0.4 g is 1.74 mW across a resistive load of 9975 Ω, while the output rms voltage is 4.2 V. Under the excitation of the compressor, the maximum peak power across a load resistance of 8660 Ω is 1.37 mW, while the average power is 85.5 μW.

Electromechanical modeling and analysis of a piezocomposite multi-point loaded beam vibration energy harvester

2020 ◽  
pp. 1045389X2097547
Author(s):  
Hesam Sharghi ◽  
Onur Bilgen
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Transverse Displacement ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Resistive Load ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Tip Mass

In this paper, vibration energy harvesting from a piezocomposite beam with unconventional boundary conditions is investigated. The beam in consideration has multi-point constraints and consequently has concentrated multi-point loading along its length. It is shown that the natural frequencies, strain uniformity along the beam, and strain node positions can be adjusted by shifting the support locations, allowing for a significant range of mechanical tuning. To model the electromechanical system, the Euler-Bernoulli beam assumptions are adopted, and by Hamilton’s principle and Gauss’ law, the governing equations are derived. Frequency response functions of the output voltage and beam transverse displacement are solved for harmonic base excitation, and the maximum output power is calculated both numerically and analytically. A set of experimental results are used to validate the model. A detailed parametric analysis is conducted by varying tunable system parameters such as resistive load, tip mass, and the intermediate support location. All interesting operational conditions of the system, and the corresponding tuning parameters are quantified. It is shown that the multi-point loaded beam concept can produce higher strain-normalized-output-power when compared to a cantilevered or a simply supported beam.

Modelling of Mechanical Nonlinearity in an Electromagnetic Vibration Energy Harvester Using a Forced Duffing Equation

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Moss ◽  
L. A. Vandewater ◽  
S. C. Galea
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Duffing Oscillator ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Homotopy Analysis ◽  
Wire Coil

This work reports on the modelling and experimental validation of a bi-axial vibration energy harvesting approach that uses a permanent-magnet/ball-bearing arrangement and a wire-coil transducer. The harvester’s behaviour is modelled using a forced Duffing oscillator, and the primary first order steady state resonant solutions are found using the homotopy analysis method (or HAM). Solutions found are shown to compare well with measured bearing displacements and harvested output power, and are used to predict the wideband frequency response of this type of vibration energy harvester. A prototype harvesting arrangement produced a maximum output power of 12.9 mW from a 12 Hz, 500 milli-g (or 4.9 m/s2) rms excitation.

scholarly journals Development and Piezoelectric Properties of a Stack Units-Based Piezoelectric Device for Roadway Application

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 7708
Author(s):  
Chenchen Li ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Pengfei Liu ◽  
Chaoliang Fu ◽  
Quan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Piezoelectric Properties ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Piezoelectric Device

To improve the energy harvesting efficiency of the piezoelectric device, a stack units-based structure was developed and verified. Factors such as stress distribution, load resistance, loads, and loading times influencing the piezoelectric properties were investigated using theoretical analysis and experimental tests. The results show that the unit number has a negative relationship with the generated energy and the stress distribution has no influence on the power generation of the piezoelectric unit array. However, with a small stress difference, units in a parallel connection can obtain high energy conversion efficiency. Additionally, loaded with the matched impedance of 275.0 kΩ at 10.0 kN and 10.0 Hz, the proposed device reached a maximum output power of 84.3 mW, which is enough to supply the low-power sensors. Moreover, the indoor load test illustrates that the electrical performance of the piezoelectric device was positively correlated with the simulated loads when loaded with matched resistance. Furthermore, the electrical property remained stable after the fatigue test of 100,000 cyclic loads. Subsequently, the field study confirmed that the developed piezoelectric device had novel piezoelectric properties with an open-circuit voltage of 190 V under an actual tire load, and the traffic parameters can be extracted from the voltage waveform.

scholarly journals FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION OF MEMS PIEZOELECTRIC ENERGY SCAVENGER BASED ON PZT THIN FILM

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-99
Author(s):  
Aliza Aini Md Ralib ◽  
Nur Wafa Asyiqin Zulfakher ◽  
Rosminazuin Ab Rahim ◽  
Nor Farahidah Za'bah ◽  
Noor Hazrin Hany Mohamad Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
The World

Vibration energy harvesting has been progressively developed in the advancement of technology and widely used by a lot of researchers around the world. There is a very high demand for energy scavenging around the world due to it being cheaper in price, possibly miniaturized within a system, long lasting, and environmentally friendly. The conventional battery is hazardous to the environment and has a shorter operating lifespan. Therefore, ambient vibration energy serves as an alternative that can replace the battery because it can be integrated and compatible to micro-electromechanical systems. This paper presents the design and analysis of a MEMS piezoelectric energy harvester, which is a vibration energy harvesting type. The energy harvester was formed using Lead Zicronate Titanate (PZT-5A) as the piezoelectric thin film, silicon as the substrate layer and structural steel as the electrode layer. The resonance frequency will provide the maximum output power, maximum output voltage and maximum displacement of vibration. The operating mode also plays an important role to generate larger output voltage with less displacement of cantilever. Some designs also have been studied by varying height and length of piezoelectric materials. Hence, this project will demonstrate the simulation of a MEMS piezoelectric device for a low power electronic performance. Simulation results show PZT-5A piezoelectric energy with a length of 31 mm and height of 0.16 mm generates maximum output voltage of 7.435 V and maximum output power of 2.30 mW at the resonance frequency of 40 Hz. ABSTRAK: Penuaian tenaga getaran telah berkembang secara pesat dalam kemajuan teknologi dan telah digunakan secara meluas oleh ramai penyelidik di seluruh dunia. Terdapat permintaan yang sangat tinggi di seluruh dunia terhadap penuaian tenaga kerana harganya yang lebih murah, bersaiz kecil dalam satu sistem, tahan lama dan mesra alam. Manakala, bateri konvensional adalah berbahaya bagi alam sekitar dan mempunyai jangka hayat yang lebih pendek. Oleh itu, getaran tenaga dari persekitaran lebih sesuai sebagai alternatif kepada bateri kerana ia mudah diintegrasikan dan serasi dengan sistem mikroelektromekanikal. Kertas kerja ini  membentangkan reka bentuk dan analisis tenaga piezoelektrik MEMS iaitu salah satu jenis penuaian tenaga getaran. Penuai tenaga ini dibentuk menggunakan Lead Zicronate Titanate (PZT-5A) sebagai lapisan filem tipis piezoelektrik, silikon sebagai lapisan substrat dan keluli struktur sebagai lapisan elektrod. Frekuensi resonans akan memberikan hasil tenaga maksima, voltan tenaga maksima dan getaran jarak maksima. Mod pengendalian juga memainkan peranan penting bagi menghasilkan tenaga yang lebih besar. Reka bentuk yang mempunyai ketinggian dan panjang berlainan juga telah diuji dengan menggunakan bahan piezoelektrik yang sama. Oleh itu, projek ini akan menghasilkan simulasi piezoelektrik MEMS yang sesuai digunakan bagi alat elektronik berkuasa rendah. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan dengan panjang 31 mm dan ketinggian 0.16 mm, piezoelektrik PZT ini menghasilkan voltan maksima sebanyak 7.435 V dan tenaga output maksima 2.30 mW pada frekuensi resonans 40 Hz.

Design and Simulation of a Novel Thermoelectric Micro-Device with Electrodeposited Bi-Te Alloys

2018 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 788-794
Author(s):  
S. Guo ◽  
Ning Su ◽  
Fu Li ◽  
Da Wei Liu ◽  
Bo Li
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Convection Heat Transfer ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Transfer Coefficients

A novel thermoelectric micro-device was designed with n-type and p-type Bi-Te materials alloys via a template electrodeposition process. The glass template including 250 holes in 10×10 mm2with a thickness of 200~ 400 µm. The diameter of the holes is 50~ 80 µm and the distance of adjacent centers of the holes is 200 µm. According to the design, the performance of heat transference and thermoelectric energy generation are simulated by COMSOL Multiphysics. In order to simplify model, there are 16 units in total, and each unit is made up of 16 (4 × 4) pillars. In the simulation, the largest temperature difference is 7.8K on the conditions of 500 W/m2K in convection heat transfer coefficients and the maximum output potential of the module is 21.7 mV. The maximum output power achieved 96.9 µW under 500 W/m2K of heat transfer coefficient and 10 mA of current. Under ideal conditions, the value of open circuit voltage and maximum output power increases to nine times as the model, but short circuit current remains the same. When the heat transfer coefficient is 500 W/m2K and the current density is 10 mA, the maximum output power of the actual product achieved 871.7 µW.

Investigation of Vibration Energy Harvesting Using Two Cantilevers With Random Input

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yang ◽  
Panagiotis Alevras ◽  
Shahrzad Towfighian
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Duffing Oscillator ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Potential Energy Function ◽  
Excitation Level ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Random Input ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Low Performance

There is a growing interest to convert ambient mechanical energy to electrical energy by vibration energy harvesters. Realistic vibrations are random and spread over a large frequency range. Most energy harvesters are linear with narrow frequency bandwidth and show low performance, which led to creation of nonlinear harvesters that have larger bandwidth. This article presents a simulation study of a nonlinear energy harvester that contains two cantilever beams coupled by magnetic force. One of the cantilever beam is covered partially by piezoelectric material, while the other beam is normal to the first one and is used to create a variable potential energy function. The variable double-well potential function enables optimum conversion of the kinetic energy and thus larger output. The system is modeled by coupled Duffing oscillator equations. To represent the ambient vibrations, the response to Gaussian random input signal (generated by Shinozuka formula) is studied using power spectral density. The effects of different parameters on the system are also investigated. The results show that the double cantilever harvester has a threshold distance, where the harvester can perform optimally regardless of the excitation level. This observation is opposite to that of the conventional fixed magnet cantilever system where the optimal distance varies with the excitation level. Results of this study can be used to enhance energy efficiency of vibration energy harvesters.

Maximum Output Power Control Using Short-Circuit Current and Open-Circuit Voltage of a Solar Panel

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (10S) ◽  
pp. 10NF08 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Kato ◽  
Takuma Miyake ◽  
Daisuke Tashima ◽  
Tatsuya Sakoda ◽  
Masahisa Otsubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Control ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Maximum Output

Output Characteristics Study of V-trough PV Concentration System

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 2077-2080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cui Qiong Yan
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Cell Array ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Current Output ◽  
Super Cell

A V-trough PV system with polysilicon cell array and super cell array has been constructed and tested. Open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, output power, fill factor and influence of temperature on V-trough PV concentration system have been analyzed. The results indicate that the output power of 10 pieces of polysilicon cell array is 6.198W and it is 1.21 times as that of non-concentration condition. Maximum output power of V-trough PV system with water cooling increase to 8.28W and power increment rate reach 62.67% compared with the non-concentration PV system. For the super cell array with no water cooling, the maximum output power of V-trough PV system varies from 7.834W to 14.223W. The results of this work provide some experimental support to the applications of the V-trough PV system.

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