Prenatal undernutrition increases fat deposition and collagen content within skeletal muscle in the porcine fetus

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 37-37
Author(s):  
J. Karunaratne ◽  
C. Ashton ◽  
N.C. Stickland
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Collagen I ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Fat Deposits

Connective tissue content of skeletal muscle plays a key role in meat quality. Previous pilot studies carried out in our lab have indicated that the smallest littermate may have a higher proportion of connective tissue in skeletal muscle (Clelland A., 2001). Connective tissue provides a structure to the muscle belly and is composed of ground substance, fibres and connective tissue cells. A proportion of these three elements of the connective tissue comprise of collagen I and fat deposits. This is an important concept to the meat industry as an increased amount of these components can increase meat toughness and intramuscular fat respectively, both having an impact on the resultant meat quality. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between undernutrition, collagen and fat content using a naturally occurring model. In the pig, it can be argued that differing levels of nutrition received, in utero, are a major cause of intra-litter variation. Therefore the smallest and largest littermates were chosen and content of collagen I and fat deposition were analysed in the M. semitendinosus of both.

scholarly journals Nutritional and developmental effects on the intrinsic properties of muscles as they relate to the eating quality of beef

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 921 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. H. Oddy ◽  
G. S. Harper ◽  
P. L. Greenwood ◽  
M. B. McDonagh
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Tissue Composition ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Bovine Skeletal Muscle

The intrinsic properties (those extant at the time of slaughter) of bovine skeletal muscle as they relate to the subsequent quality attributes of beef are reviewed here. Attributes of bovine skeletal muscle that ultimately affect toughness, colour, fat content, flavour, juiciness, and nutritive value of beef are discussed. The dynamic nature of muscle development, particularly with regard to structure and composition, is highlighted. Variation in development of muscle structure and composition due to inherited (genetic) factors and environment (particularly nutrient supply) are described. Examples are given of the implications of sources of variation due to animal genotype, age, nutrient supply, and hormonal environment on muscle cellularity and growth, fibre type, connective tissue composition and structure as they affect meat quality attributes. Key intrinsic properties of muscle include muscle type, cellularity, size, myofibre type, connective tissue composition and structure, glycogen and fat content and proteolytic activity. Activity of the calpain system at slaughter is seen as an important attribute. Regulation of myofibrillar and connective tissue proteolysis in vivo are discussed together with implications for subsequent meat quality. Amongst the on-farm environmental factors, nutritional history and developmental pathway are identified as factors that can be responsible for significant variation in the intrinsic properties of muscle that contribute to variation in toughness, colour and fat content, and thus consumer liking of beef.

Ultrastructure of the cysts of Sarcocystis rangiferi from skeletal muscle of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 2669-2675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjørn Gjerde
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Connective Tissue Capsule ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cyst Membrane ◽  
Tissue Capsule

Cysts of Sarcocystis rangiferi from reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) were examined by transmission electron microscopy. The cysts were located within skeletal muscle cells which were encapsulated by a thick layer of connective tissue. The connective tissue capsule consisted of numerous fibroblasts and a matrix with a moderate number of collagen fibrils, and represents an analogue of the so-called secondary cyst wall of Sarcocystis gigantea and various Besnoitia species. The cysts were limited by a unit membrane, the cyst membrane, which in part was reinforced by a thin subjacent layer of electron-dense material. The cyst surface was covered by closely packed, villiform protrusions, measuring 12–14 μm in length and 8 μm in diameter. The cyst membrane formed vesiclelike invaginations at and between the bases of the protrusions. Cyst ground substance divided the interior of the cyst into numerous compartments containing metrocytes or cystozoites. The cystozoites multiplied by endodyogeny.

COMPERATIVE STUDY OF THE REGULATIES OF FAT DEPOSIT IN THE DIFFERENT PARTS OF TRUNK OF YOUNG PIGS OF THE LARGE WHITE AND MYRGOROD BREEDS

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 128-133
Author(s):  
I. V. Khatko ◽  
A. O. Onyshchenko ◽  
V. O. Vovk ◽  
T. M. Konks
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Thoracic Vertebra ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Large White ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Fat Deposits ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Different Parts

The modern state of social-economic processes development demands increasing the level of food safety of the state, especially providing population by the high quality foods of domestic production, specifically by pork. One of criteria for estimating pigs' meatness is determining the fat thickness in different points of a trunk. The informative content of measuring in different parts of a trunk is different and it needs detailed study. The fat thickness is the most common as trait for pigs' meatness in the practice of pig breeding because it has high correlation with meat yield in carcasses. The aim of our research was the comparative study of fat deposition regularities in different parts of a trunk of Large White and Mirgorod pigs in different age periods. For conducting researches 24 pigs of both breeds with average live weight about 40 kg and at age not more 4 months were selected. The fat thickness was measured at live animals using ultrasonic device Draminski in such points: on withers, the level of the 6-7th thoracic vertebra, the level of the 1st-2nd loins vertebra and sacrum. Measuring the fat thickness was carried out at the age of 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 months. During researches it was carried out the statistical processing of obtained material. Reliability of obtained indexes of productivity was determined. Regularities of formatting fat thickness and fat deposition rate depending on the age were studied. For the results of researches it has been studied and compared economically valuable traits of the most spread domestic pigs of Large White and Mirgorod breeds. By comparative study of growth and development of young pigs of experimental and control groups it has been found that animals of Large White breed differed by lesser fat deposits in all points of measuring. Thus, at 6-months’ age they had lesser thickness of fat in all parts of a trunk. More expressed tendency was at withers and the level of the 6-7th thoracic vertebra, at that in the first case the difference between groups was reliable (p < 0.01). The fat deposition rate in young pigs of both breeds was not the same in different points of measuring along a trunk. Above mentioned tendencies were intensified with the age. Purebred animals of intrabreed type LW-1 at 7-months’ age had reliable less thickness of fat in comparison with the control group: on withers (p < 0.01), at the level of the 6-7th thoracic vertebra, the level of the 1st-2nd loins vertebra (p < 0.05) and on sacrum (p < 0.01). In future, according to economic and scientific expediency, the animals of Mirgorod breed were excluded from the experiment. Concerning Large White breed, the researches were finished when animals were at 8 months’ age. The process of fat deposition in Large White pigs was less intensive in comparison to Mirgorod breed. The highest relative rate of fat thickness increase in both breeds was observed at the level of the 1st-2nd loins vertebra. By statistical processing of the obtained materials it has been found that the difference of average arithmetical indexes (as absolute and relative) between the experimental and control groups during growth and development had distinct tendency to increasing in all points of measuring. The reliability of the difference between the averages in groups with the age of animals increased. A higher reliability of data was obtained at measuring of the front parts of a trunk of pigs at the level of the 6th-7th thoracic vertebra and on withers. The carried out researches at all points of measuring give the reason to confirm that the fat deposits of Large White pigs are less comparing to Mirgorod breed. Conclusions. 1. Carcasses of animals of intrabreed type ULW-1 are comparatively more technologically suitable and economically beneficial for agricultural proceeding industry. 2. Animals of intrabreed type ULW-1 at 7-months’ age had reliable less thickness of fat in comparison with the control group: on withers, at the level of the 6-7th thoracic vertebra, the level of the 1st-2nd loins vertebra and on sacrum. 3. The process of fat deposition in Large White pigs was less intensive in comparison to Mirgorod breed.

scholarly journals Key Genes Regulating Skeletal Muscle Development and Growth in Farm Animals

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 835
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Mohammadabadi ◽  
Farhad Bordbar ◽  
Just Jensen ◽  
Min Du ◽  
Wei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Development ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Myogenic Regulatory Factor

Farm-animal species play crucial roles in satisfying demands for meat on a global scale, and they are genetically being developed to enhance the efficiency of meat production. In particular, one of the important breeders’ aims is to increase skeletal muscle growth in farm animals. The enhancement of muscle development and growth is crucial to meet consumers’ demands regarding meat quality. Fetal skeletal muscle development involves myogenesis (with myoblast proliferation, differentiation, and fusion), fibrogenesis, and adipogenesis. Typically, myogenesis is regulated by a convoluted network of intrinsic and extrinsic factors monitored by myogenic regulatory factor genes in two or three phases, as well as genes that code for kinases. Marker-assisted selection relies on candidate genes related positively or negatively to muscle development and can be a strong supplement to classical selection strategies in farm animals. This comprehensive review covers important (candidate) genes that regulate muscle development and growth in farm animals (cattle, sheep, chicken, and pig). The identification of these genes is an important step toward the goal of increasing meat yields and improves meat quality.

PSIV-6 Differential gene expression of fibro/adipogenic progenitors between Wagyu and Brahman cattle: A possible contribution to their different meat quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 301-301
Author(s):  
Chaoyang Li ◽  
Qianglin Liu ◽  
Matt Welborn ◽  
Leshan Wang ◽  
Yuxia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Brahman Cattle ◽  
Differential Gene ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The amount of intramuscular fat directly influences the meat quality. However, significant differences in the ability to accumulate intramuscular fat are present among different beef cattle breeds. While Wagyu, a cattle breed that originated from Japan, is renowned for abundant intramuscular fat, Brahman cattle generally have very little intramuscular fat accumulation and produce tougher meat. We identified that bovine intramuscular fat is derived from a group of bipotent progenitor cells named fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) which also give rise to fibroblasts. Thus, the variation in intramuscular fat development between Wagyu and Brahman is likely attributed to the difference in FAPs between these two breeds. In order to understand the gene expression difference between FAPs of the two breeds, single-cell RNA-seq was performed using total single-nucleated cells isolated from the longissimus muscle of young purebred Wagyu, purebred Brahman, and Wagyu-Brahman cross cattle. FAPs constitute the largest single-nucleated cell population in both Wagyu and Brahman skeletal muscle. Multiple subpopulations of FAPs with different gene expression profiles were identified, suggesting that FAP is a heterogeneous population. A unique FAP cluster expressing lower levels of fibrillar collagen and extracellular remodeling enzyme genes but higher levels of select proadipogenic genes was identified exclusively in Wagyu skeletal muscle, which likely contributes to the robust intramuscular adipogenic efficiency of Wagyu FAPs. In conclusion, the difference in the cellular composition and gene expression of FAPs between Wagyu and Brahman cattle likely contribute to their distinct meat quality.

scholarly journals Looking under the hide of animals. The history of ultrasound to assess carcass composition and meat quality in farm animals

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 523-535
Author(s):  
Severiano R Silva ◽  
James R Stouffer
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The 1950S

Resumo O desafio de saber qual a composição de um animal vivo tem sido perseguido de forma incessante desde os anos 50 do século XX. Ao longo deste tempo, diversas técnicas têm sido testadas como comprovam os numerosos trabalhos científicos sobre o tema nas principais revistas de ciência animal. O objetivo central destes trabalhos é a obtenção in vivo de informação sobre características relacionadas com a carcaça e com a qualidade da carne. As técnicas que empregam ultrassons estão entre as que mais sucesso apresentam. Há ao longo da história vários marcos que são pilares no desenvolvimento dos ultrassons. No século XVIII, o padre e biólogo Lazzaro Spallanzani, intrigado com a capacidade de orientação noturna dos morcegos, descobriu a ecolocalização. Em 1880, os irmãos Curie apresentaram as propriedades piezelétricas de determinados cristais. Mais tarde durante e entre as duas grandes guerras mundiais ocorreram inúmeros desenvolvimentos tecnológicos no campo militar, mas também no campo médico relacionados com ultrassons. Durante a década de 50 foram apresentadas utilizações de ultrassons com imagem. Quase simultaneamente a primeira utilização em animais foi realizada em 1956 nos EUA. Desde então ocorreram enormes desenvolvimentos quer nos equipamentos de ultrassons, quer nas imagens e na sua análise. Atualmente os ultrassons são uma ferramenta precisa e objetiva que apresenta um papel relevante para avaliar in vivo características da carcaça e de qualidade da carne de ovinos, suínos e bovinos.Palavras-chave: história, ultrassons, ciência animal, carcaça, qualidade da carne Abstract The challenge of knowing the composition of a living animal has been pursued incessantly since the 1950s. Throughout this time, several techniques have been tested as evidenced by the numerous scientific articles found on the subject in the leading animal science journals. The primary objective of this work is obtaining information in vivo on characteristics related to carcass and meat quality. The techniques that employ ultrasound are among the most successful. Throughout history, several milestones have been found in the development of ultrasound. In the eighteenth century, priest and biologist Lazzaro Spallanzani, intrigued by the nocturnal ability of bats, discovered echolocation. In 1880 the Curie brothers presented the piezoelectric properties of certain crystals. Later during and between the two world wars, numerous ultrasound technological developments occurred in the military field but also the medical field. Ultrasound with imaging was presented during the 1950s. The application of ultrasound to animals has had a very close relationship to medical applications, and almost simultaneously the first use in animals was held in 1956 in the USA. Since then, there have been enormous developments in both the ultrasound equipment and the images and their analysis. Ultrasound is currently an accurate and objective tool that has a relevant role in evaluating in vivo carcass characteristics and meat quality in the main farm species (cattle, swine, goat, sheep and poultry) and fish. Keywords: history, ultrasound, animal science, carcass, meat

scholarly journals Increasing Flesh Pigmentation in Growing Chickens

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
F. T. Landágora ◽  
P. Arenas Montalvo
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Bright Yellow ◽  
Fat Deposits ◽  
Chicken Carcass ◽  
Skin Coloration ◽  
Deep Yellow ◽  
Yellow Pigmentation

The pigmentation-stimulatory effect of achiote seed and canthaxanthin, singly, was studied in growing chickens, at least 5 weeks of age, fed a ration supplemented with achiote seed. They had a brighter beak, shank, and skin coloration than that shown by the corresponding parts of control chickens. When the chicken carcass was studied for a further degree of pigmentation as between the achiote-fed and the control birds it was observed that the fat deposits and fat deposition around the gizzard, vent, and intestines had more vivid pigmentation in the achiote-fed than in the control chickens. At the level used, canthaxanthin, a commercial xanthophyll preparation, was more effective in enhancing pigmentation in growing chickens than achiote seed. Deep-yellow to orange coloration of the chicken carcass was observed, and at an earlier time, in contrast to bright-yellow pigmentation in the achiote group which occurred later. Most housewives prefer broilers with a uniform bright-yellow pigmentation. This finding has a potential commercial significance in Puerto Rico and areas where achiote is grown.

scholarly journals Thermal stability of connective tissue and meat quality of loose structured porcine semimembranosus muscles

2006 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liisa Voutila ◽  
Anne Maria Mullen ◽  
Paul Allen ◽  
Declan Troy ◽  
Eero Puolanne
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
B Value ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Semimembranosus Muscle ◽  
L Value ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Loose structure and PSE like zones on the lateral surface of porcine semimembranosus muscle have beenobserved by other researchers. However the role of connective tissue in this abnormally loose structure insemimembranosus muscle has not yet been clarified. We collected about 100g samples from 7 loosestructured and 7 normal structured Irish commercial porcine semimembranosus muscles in order tocompare the onset and peak of thermal transition temperature of intramuscular connective tissue betweenthe samples from the two groups. Meat quality parameters, ultimate pH, rough estimate for drip loss,lightness (L), redness (a) yellowness (b) and as well as electrical conductivity and reflectance were alsomeasured on the samples. Four of the samples characterized as normal by visual assessment showed DFDcharacteristic so the statistical analysis was carried out both including and excluding those samples. Inboth cases the onset (p<0.001; 56.94ºC vs. 59.82ºC) and peak (p<0.001; 62.59ºC vs. 64.06ºC) of thermaltransition temperature were significantly lower in loose structured meat than in normal structured meat.Also reflectance% was lower (p<0.01; 45.18% vs. 69.17%) and the colour lighter (higher L value; p<0.01;55.05 vs. 45.52) and more yellow (higher b value; p<0.001; 18.27 vs. 14.78) in loose structured meat thanin normal structured meat when the DFD like samples were excluded. These results indicate that loosestructure in porcine semimembranosus muscle could be attributed in part to connective tissue propertiespossibly in conjunction with PSE effects.

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