scholarly journals Looking under the hide of animals. The history of ultrasound to assess carcass composition and meat quality in farm animals

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 523-535
Author(s):  
Severiano R Silva ◽  
James R Stouffer
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The 1950S

Resumo O desafio de saber qual a composição de um animal vivo tem sido perseguido de forma incessante desde os anos 50 do século XX. Ao longo deste tempo, diversas técnicas têm sido testadas como comprovam os numerosos trabalhos científicos sobre o tema nas principais revistas de ciência animal. O objetivo central destes trabalhos é a obtenção in vivo de informação sobre características relacionadas com a carcaça e com a qualidade da carne. As técnicas que empregam ultrassons estão entre as que mais sucesso apresentam. Há ao longo da história vários marcos que são pilares no desenvolvimento dos ultrassons. No século XVIII, o padre e biólogo Lazzaro Spallanzani, intrigado com a capacidade de orientação noturna dos morcegos, descobriu a ecolocalização. Em 1880, os irmãos Curie apresentaram as propriedades piezelétricas de determinados cristais. Mais tarde durante e entre as duas grandes guerras mundiais ocorreram inúmeros desenvolvimentos tecnológicos no campo militar, mas também no campo médico relacionados com ultrassons. Durante a década de 50 foram apresentadas utilizações de ultrassons com imagem. Quase simultaneamente a primeira utilização em animais foi realizada em 1956 nos EUA. Desde então ocorreram enormes desenvolvimentos quer nos equipamentos de ultrassons, quer nas imagens e na sua análise. Atualmente os ultrassons são uma ferramenta precisa e objetiva que apresenta um papel relevante para avaliar in vivo características da carcaça e de qualidade da carne de ovinos, suínos e bovinos.Palavras-chave: história, ultrassons, ciência animal, carcaça, qualidade da carne Abstract The challenge of knowing the composition of a living animal has been pursued incessantly since the 1950s. Throughout this time, several techniques have been tested as evidenced by the numerous scientific articles found on the subject in the leading animal science journals. The primary objective of this work is obtaining information in vivo on characteristics related to carcass and meat quality. The techniques that employ ultrasound are among the most successful. Throughout history, several milestones have been found in the development of ultrasound. In the eighteenth century, priest and biologist Lazzaro Spallanzani, intrigued by the nocturnal ability of bats, discovered echolocation. In 1880 the Curie brothers presented the piezoelectric properties of certain crystals. Later during and between the two world wars, numerous ultrasound technological developments occurred in the military field but also the medical field. Ultrasound with imaging was presented during the 1950s. The application of ultrasound to animals has had a very close relationship to medical applications, and almost simultaneously the first use in animals was held in 1956 in the USA. Since then, there have been enormous developments in both the ultrasound equipment and the images and their analysis. Ultrasound is currently an accurate and objective tool that has a relevant role in evaluating in vivo carcass characteristics and meat quality in the main farm species (cattle, swine, goat, sheep and poultry) and fish. Keywords: history, ultrasound, animal science, carcass, meat

scholarly journals Karakteristik dan Potongan Komersial Karkas Domba Muda Umur lima Bulan Dengan Ransum Komplit yang disuplementasi Minyak bunga matahari

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
Lilis Khotijah ◽  
Tuti Suryati ◽  
M Fandi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Sunflower Seed Oil ◽  
Meat Science

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of graded levels of sunflower seed oil (SSO) supplementation on lamb five-month-old carcass characteristics and commercial cuts.   Used 18 local male lambs, weaned, aged about 2 months, weight (10.21 ± 2.29 kg).  Experimental design used group random design. Each group of sheep get a complete ration with a different level of sunflower seed oil (SSO), namely (P0) = 0% SSO (control); (P1) = 4% SSO; (P2) = 6% SSO.  After animal five old age or 90 days feeding, randomly selected tree animals from each group were slaughtered The measured parameters include, weight slaughter, carcasses composition (meats, bones, fats), and commercial cuts of  carcasses (leg, loin, shoulder, breast, neck, shank, flank, rack).  The observation showed that the parameters are not affected by the treatment.    It can be concluded that the addition of 6% sunflower oil in a complete ration keeping the characteristics and commercial cut of local lamb. Key words:   slaughter weight, carcass composition, lamb, sunflower seed oil DAFTAR PUSTAKA [AUS-MEAT]. 2005. Sheep Meat.   ISBN 0 9578793 69.  https://www.ausmeat.com.au/media/1275/9-sheepmeat.pdf. Diunduh 15 Juni 2019. [BSN] Badan Standardisasi Nasional Indonesia. 2008. Mutu Karkas dan Daging Kambing/Domba. Standar Nasional Indonesia. 3925. Jakarta (ID): Badan Standardisasi Nasional Indonesia [NRC] National Research Council. 2007. Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants: Sheep, Goats, Cervids, and New World Camelids. Washington DC (US): The National Academies Pr. Ensminger M E. 2002. Sheep and Goat Science. Illinois (US): Interstate Publisher. Francisco A, Dentinho MT, Alves SPP, Portugal V,  Fernandes F, Sengo S, Jerónimo E, Oliveira MA, Costa P, Sequeira A, Bessa RJB, Santos-Silva J.  2015.  Growth performance, carcass and meat quality of lambs supplemented with increasing levels of a tanniferous bush (Cistus ladanifer L.) and vegetable oils.  Meat Science. 100, p. 272-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.10.014 Gatenby RM, Doloksaribu M, Bradford GE, Romjaii GE, Batubara L, Mirza I. 1995. Reproductive performance of sumatera and hair sheep crossbred ewes. SR-CRSP Annual Report 1994 - 1995, Sungai Putih, Sumatera Utara. González L, Moreno T, Bispo E, Dugan MER, Franco D. 2014. Effect of supplementing different oils: Linseed, sunflower and soybean, on animal performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and fatty acid profile of veal from “Rubia Gallega” calves.  Meat Science. 96 (2): Part A. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.09.027 Hendri. 1986. Studi perbandingan distribusi perdagingan kambing kacang dan domba priangan pada dua tingkat umur. Karya Ilmiah. Fakultas Peternakan. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Herman R. 1993. Perbandingan pertumbuhan komposisi tubuh dan karkas antara domba Priangan dan Ekor Gemuk. [disertasi]. Fakultas Pasca sarjana. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor. Lambuth TR, Kemp JD, Glimp HA.  1970. Effect of rate of gain a slaughter weight on lamb carcass composition. Journal of  Animal Science. 30: 27-35. Marinova P, Banskalieva, VS Alexandrov, Tzvetkova S, Stanchev V. 2001.  Carcass Composition and meat qulity of kids fed sunflower oil supplemented diet.  Small Rumminant Resources. 42 (3): 217-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4488(01)00245-0. Mir PS, McAllister TA, Zaman S, Morgan Jones, SD, He ML, Aalhus JL, Jeremiah LE, Goonewardene LA, Weselake RJ and Mir Z. 2003. Effect of dietary sunflower oil and vitamin E on beef cattle performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality. Canada Journal of  Animal Science. 83: 53–66 Morgado E, Ezequiel JMB, Galzerano L,  Sobrinho S. 2013. Performance and carcass characteristics of lambs fed with carbohydrate sources associated to sunflower oil. Bioscience Journal. 29 (3): 712-720  Purbowati E, Sutrisno CI, Baliarti E,  Budhi SPS,  Lestariana W. 2006. Karakteristik fisik otot longissimus dorsi dan biceps femoris domba lokal jantan yang dipelihara di pedesaan pada bobot potong yang berbeda. Jurnal Protein. 13(2):147-153 Rasmani. 2010. Komposisi fisik dan potongan komersial karkas domba lokal jantan pada tingkat kecepatan pertumbuhan yang berbeda dengan pemeliharaan secara intensif. Bogor (ID): IPB. Rousset-Akrim S, Young OA,  Berdague JL. 1997. Diet and growth effects in   panel assessment of sheepmeat odour and flavour. Meat Science. 45:169-181. Supriyati. 2012. Pertumbuhan kambing Peranakan Etawah prasapih yang diberi susu pengganti. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner. 17(2): 142-151. Rahayu, S, Astuti DA, Satoto KB, Priyanto R,  Khotijah L , Suryati  T,  Baihaqi M  2011. Produksi domba balibu UP3 Jonggol melalui  strategi perbaikan pakan berbasis Indigofera sp. dan limbah tauge.  Laporan Penelitian Unggulan Fakultas. IPB, Dirjendikti Kementrian Pendidikan Nasional. Radunz, AE, Wickersham LA, Loerch SC, Fluharty FL, Reynolds CK, and Zerby HN. 2009. Effects of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on fatty acid composition in muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue of lambs. Journal of Animal Science. 87: 4082-4091. Wiryawan KG, Astuti DA, Priyanto R, Suharti S. 2009. Optimalisasi pemanfaatan rumput dan legum pohon terhadap performa, produksi, dan kualitas daging domba jonggol. Laporan Penelitian.  Bogor (ID): Fakultas Peternakan IPB

scholarly journals O BRASIL COMO “TERRENO DE EXPERIMENTAÇÃO” DA EXPERTISE GERENCIAL: A ATUAÇÃO DO CONSELHO DE REITORES DAS UNIVERSIDADES BRASILEIRAS (1966-1985)BRAZIL AS A "LABORATORY" FOR MANAGEMENT EXPERTISE: THE ROLE OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF BRAZILIAN UNIVERSITIES (1966-1985)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Maria Caramez Carlotto ◽  
Sylvia Gemignani Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Managerial Knowledge ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The Military

Na literatura contemporânea sobre as transformações do ensino superior existe um forte consenso de que a expansão do saber gerencial foi um dos principais fatores que alterou sua dinâmica e organização interna. No caso do Brasil, são muitos os trabalhos que, seguindo essa percepção geral, apontam a estreita relação existente entre as políticas ditas “neoliberais” implementadas a partir da década de 1980, e a modernização gerencial difundida no país a partir de acordos de cooperação com os EUA durante os anos 1950 e 1960. No entanto, esses trabalhos, de modo geral, falham ao não conseguir mostrar, empiricamente, como se dá a relação entre esses dois momentos da história das políticas educacionais do país. O objetivo do presente trabalho é contribuir para a compreensão dessa relação a partir da análise de Yves Dezalay e Brynat Garth sobre o modo pelo qual a América Latina funcionou, nos anos 1950 e 1960, enquanto um “terreno de experimentação” de políticas que viriam a se difundir mundialmente nos anos 1980 e 1990. Para tanto, tomamos como objeto o Conselho de Reitores de Universidades Brasileiras (CRUB), no período que vai de 1966, ano da sua criação, até 1985, ano que marca o fim do regime militar, analisando tanto o conjunto de acordos internacionais então firmados pelo CRUB, quanto o resumo das suas principais atividades, e o perfil da sua diretoria executiva no período analisado.ABSTRACT In the contemporary literature on the transformations of higher education there is a strong consensus that the expansion of managerial knowledge was one of the main factors that altered its dynamics and internal organization. In the case of Brazil, there are many studies that, following this general perception, point to the close relationship between the so-called “neoliberal” policies implemented since the 1980s and the managerial modernization diffused in the country through cooperation agreements with the USA during the 1950s and 1960s. However, these works generally fail to show the relationship between these two moments in the history of educational policies in the country empirically. The objective of the present work is to contribute to the understanding of this relationship using, as a starting point, the analysis of Yves Dezalay and Brynat Garth on how Latin America functioned in the 1950s and 1960s as a “laboratory” of policies that would begin to spread worldwide in the 80s and 90s. To this end, we investigate the Council of Rectors of Brazilian Universities (CRUB) in the period from 1966, the year of its creation, until 1985, the year that marks the end of the military regime, analyzing both the set of international agreements signed by the CRUB during the period as well as the summary of its main activities and the profile of its executive board in this period of time.

Identifying QTL for meat quality and carcass composition traits in Blackface sheep

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 45-45
Author(s):  
E. Karamichou ◽  
G.R. Nute ◽  
R.I. Richardson ◽  
K. McLean ◽  
S.C. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Livestock Species ◽  
Sheep Meat ◽  
Qtl Identification ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Qtl Effects

The development of genetic markers and their application to farm animals has progressed rapidly, opening new prospects for identifying chromosomal regions that control quantitative traits (quantitative trait loci or QTL). However, there is less activity in QTL identification in sheep than in other livestock species. Surprisingly few QTL have been published for traits of direct relevance to sheep meat production, apart from studies of individual major genes such as the callipyge locus (Freking et al, 2002). This suggests there may be more QTL effects still to be found in sheep. Hence, this study aims to identify QTL for carcass composition and meat quality traits. This will provide a basis for targeting genomic regions to verify QTL in independent sheep populations.

Toxicity of Heparinoids, with Special Reference to the Precipitation of Fibrinogen

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 232-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sasaki ◽  
T Takemoto ◽  
S Oka
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Severe Reaction ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Close Relationship

SummaryTo demonstrate whether the intravascular precipitation of fibrinogen is responsible for the toxicity of heparinoid, the relation between the toxicity of heparinoid in vivo and the precipitation of fibrinogen in vitro was investigated, using dextran sulfate of various molecular weights and various heparinoids.1. There are close relationships between the molecular weight of dextran sulfate, its toxicity, and the quantity of fibrinogen precipitated.2. The close relationship between the toxicity and the precipitation of fibrinogen found for dextran sulfate holds good for other heparinoids regardless of their molecular structures.3. Histological findings suggest strongly that the pathological changes produced with dextran sulfate are caused primarily by the intravascular precipitates with occlusion of the capillaries.From these facts, it is concluded that the precipitates of fibrinogen with heparinoid may be the cause or at least the major cause of the toxicity of heparinoid.4. The most suitable molecular weight of dextran sulfate for clinical use was found to be 5,300 ~ 6,700, from the maximum value of the product (LD50 · Anticoagulant activity). This product (LD50 · Anticoagulant activity) can be employed generally to assess the comparative merits of various heparinoids.5. Clinical use of the dextran sulfate prepared on this basis gave satisfactory results. No severe reaction was observed. However, two delayed reactions, alopecia and thrombocytopenia, were observed. These two reactions seem to come from the cause other than intravascular precipitation.

The Influence of the Infomercial in New Zealand

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-80
Author(s):  
Rosser Johnson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Cultural Impact ◽  
Cultural Importance ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
As If

New Zealand television networks introduced infomercials (30 minute advertisements designed to appear as if they are programmes) in late 1993. Although infomercials date from the 1950s in the USA, they were unknown in this country and quickly came to be seen as a peculiarly “intense” form of hyper-commercial broadcasting. This article aims to sketch out the cultural importance of the infomercial by analysing historical published primary sources (from the specialist and general press) as they reflect the views and opinions that resulted from the introduction of the infomercial. Specifically, it outlines the three main areas where that cultural importance was located. It concludes by analysing the significance of the cultural impact of the infomercial, both within broadcasting and within wider society.

The Lattimore case

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Penrose
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Internal Security ◽  
Johns Hopkins University ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Witch Hunt

Edith’s career and collaboration with Fritz Machlup at Johns Hopkins University flourished and she began work on the growth of the firm, and studied the Hercules Powder Company. As Cold War tensions increased during the 1950s she and Penrose became involved in the defence of their friend and colleague Owen Lattimore who was named as the top Soviet spy by Senator McCarthy. The chapter covers the persecution of Lattimore, his trials, the role of Judge Luther Youngdahl, and the operation of his defence fund. Other friends of E. F. Penrose became victims of the anti-communist ‘witch hunt’, he grew increasingly disillusioned with the USA, and determined he must leave. In 1953 Edith and Penrose testified before the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee. They were also investigated by the FBI. After five years the case against Lattimore was dropped. Edith’s father died and her brother Harvey was killed in an air accident.

scholarly journals Key Genes Regulating Skeletal Muscle Development and Growth in Farm Animals

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 835
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Mohammadabadi ◽  
Farhad Bordbar ◽  
Just Jensen ◽  
Min Du ◽  
Wei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Development ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Myogenic Regulatory Factor

Farm-animal species play crucial roles in satisfying demands for meat on a global scale, and they are genetically being developed to enhance the efficiency of meat production. In particular, one of the important breeders’ aims is to increase skeletal muscle growth in farm animals. The enhancement of muscle development and growth is crucial to meet consumers’ demands regarding meat quality. Fetal skeletal muscle development involves myogenesis (with myoblast proliferation, differentiation, and fusion), fibrogenesis, and adipogenesis. Typically, myogenesis is regulated by a convoluted network of intrinsic and extrinsic factors monitored by myogenic regulatory factor genes in two or three phases, as well as genes that code for kinases. Marker-assisted selection relies on candidate genes related positively or negatively to muscle development and can be a strong supplement to classical selection strategies in farm animals. This comprehensive review covers important (candidate) genes that regulate muscle development and growth in farm animals (cattle, sheep, chicken, and pig). The identification of these genes is an important step toward the goal of increasing meat yields and improves meat quality.

scholarly journals The Quality and Health-Promoting Value of Meat from Pigs of the Native Breed as the Effect of Extensive Feeding with Acorns

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 789
Author(s):  
Magdalena Szyndler-Nędza ◽  
Małgorzata Świątkiewicz ◽  
Łukasz Migdał ◽  
Władysław Migdał
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
Native Breed ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Conventional Farm

The popularity of meat from animals of native breeds is growing all over the world, due to consumer belief regarding its higher quality compared to meat from industrial farm animals. In addition, the living conditions (welfare) are of great importance for consumers. We observed the effect of different ways of keeping and feeding pigs of the same conservative breed on the quality of meat and its health benefits. The aim of the study was to compare the meat quality from pigs of the native Złotnicka Spotted breed, fattened intensively or extensively (with conventional farm-produced compound feed and acorns). The meat from free-range pigs extensively fed on silage and small amounts of acorns was characterized by a higher content of fat, which acts as a carrier for flavor and juiciness, as well as higher monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content (p ≤ 0.05) and lower atherogenic, thrombogenic, and peroxidability indices (p ≤ 0.05). It may be stated that the meat quality of the native pig breed is significantly dependent on the housing and feeding method. A more beneficial effect on the quality of meat and its dietetic value, as well as its susceptibility to rancidity, can be obtained throughextensive pig feeding with roughage and the addition of acorns.

scholarly journals Mammary gland 3D cell culture systems in farm animals

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Finot ◽  
Eric Chanat ◽  
Frederic Dessauge
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Cell Culture ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Culture Systems ◽  
Cell Culture Systems

AbstractIn vivo study of tissue or organ biology in mammals is very complex and progress is slowed by poor accessibility of samples and ethical concerns. Fortunately, however, advances in stem cell identification and culture have made it possible to derive in vitro 3D “tissues” called organoids, these three-dimensional structures partly or fully mimicking the in vivo functioning of organs. The mammary gland produces milk, the source of nutrition for newborn mammals. Milk is synthesized and secreted by the differentiated polarized mammary epithelial cells of the gland. Reconstructing in vitro a mammary-like structure mimicking the functional tissue represents a major challenge in mammary gland biology, especially for farm animals for which specific agronomic questions arise. This would greatly facilitate the study of mammary gland development, milk secretion processes and pathological effects of viral or bacterial infections at the cellular level, all with the objective of improving milk production at the animal level. With this aim, various 3D cell culture models have been developed such as mammospheres and, more recently, efforts to develop organoids in vitro have been considerable. Researchers are now starting to draw inspiration from other fields, such as bioengineering, to generate organoids that would be more physiologically relevant. In this chapter, we will discuss 3D cell culture systems as organoids and their relevance for agronomic research.

scholarly journals Carcass Composition, Meat Quality and Sensory Quality of Gentile di Puglia Light Lambs: Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Oregano and Linseed

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 607
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Scarpa ◽  
Simona Tarricone ◽  
Marco Ragni
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Growth Performances ◽  
Longissimus Lumborum ◽  
Dietary Treatments

There is a growing demand by the modern consumer for meat containing less fat and lower levels of saturated fatty acids, which are considered to increase the risk of coronary heart disease. In southern Italy, the Gentile di Puglia breed is one of the most common on farms, and the light lambs are often consumed. The study evaluates the effect of a diet containing extruded linseed (Linum usitatissimum) on growth performances, carcass traits, and meat quality in Gentile di Puglia light lambs. Thirty-six male lambs are weaned at about 20 days of age, and divided into three groups—each group is either fed a control diet (C), a diet containing 3% extruded linseed (L), or a diet containing 3% extruded linseed and 0.6% oregano (Origanum vulgare) (L + O). The lambs’ growth performances and the slaughtering and dissection data did not differ between groups. Dietary treatments have no significant effect on the quality and chemical composition of Longissimus lumborum (Ll). The mount of linoleic acid in Ll meat is significantly higher in the L group, and this positively affected the total content of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid, as well as the n-6/n-3 ratio. The good results obtained concerning the sensory traits meet the requirements of the market’s consumer.

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