Using sociometric methods and feeder order to assess social position in early finishing pigs

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 83-83
Author(s):  
E. Genever ◽  
C. R. Webb ◽  
D. M. Broom
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Dominance Structure ◽  
The Status ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Social Status

Competition resulting in high social status and maintenance of that status within farmed pigs may have both welfare and economic consequences. Aggressive behaviours, associated with the establishment and maintenance of a dominance hierarchy, may cause poor welfare and skin damage reducing the value of pigs at slaughter. In order to investigate the impact of social status on welfare we first need to establish the status of individuals relative to their peers. In this paper we compare two alternative indicators of pig rank, namely: (i) aggressive interactions between individuals - the occurrence of aggressive behaviour from pig A to pig B is often assumed to imply social dominance of pig A over pig B; and (ii) the order in which pigs stand at the feeder - an advantage of attaining high social status in many populations is priority of access to food. Social rank of individuals based on observed aggressive behaviour can only be assigned once evidence for a linear or quasi-linear hierarchy has been established (Langbein and Puppe, 2004). In a population with a purely hierarchical structure we expect all triads of individuals to be transitive, that is A→B, B→C implies A→C. For observational studies it is unlikely that interactions between all individuals will be observed. Here we present a novel methodology by which we can assess the linearity of the dominance structure that is not affected by missing or null interactions between individuals. By conducting a census of all types of triad in a social network we can assess whether the subset of interactions observed provide evidence of a linear or quasi-linear hierarchy. Transitive triads provide evidence of linear hierarchy whilst intransitive triads, such as A→B, B→C, C→A, contradict the presence of a linear hierarchy.

scholarly journals DAMPAK LETUSAN GUNUNG KELUD TERHADAP PELAKU USAHA PERIKANAN DI KABUPATEN KEDIRI, PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Maulana Firdaus ◽  
Radityo Pramoda ◽  
Maharani Yulisti
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Total Loss ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dampak letusan Gunung Kelud terhadap pelaku usaha perikanan khususnya di Kabupaten Kediri. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April-Mei 2014 denganfokus lokasi penelitian di Kecamatan Pare, Kabupaten Kediri yang merupakan sentra penghasil benih ikan lele. Data primer dan sekunder digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Informan ditentukan dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa letusan Gunung Kelud sangat berdampak pada masyarakat perikanan di Kabupaten Kediri baik secara sosial maupun ekonomi. Dampak secara sosial berupa perubahan status pembudidaya, perubahan sosial dan perubahan mata pencaharian. Secara ekonomi, dampak letusan Gunung Kelud menyebabkan 274 pembudidaya di 16 kecamatan mengalami kerugian dengan total kerugian sebesar 3,9 milyar rupiah. Rata-rata nilai kerugian yang dialami oleh setiap pembudidaya adalah 14,4 juta rupiah per orang yang meliputi kematian ikan, kematian benih ikan, kematian induk ikan, rusaknya kolam ikan, serta rusaknya peralatan budidaya.Title: The Impact of Mount Kelud Eruption To Fisheries Bussinessin Kediri District, East Java ProvinceThis study aims to assess the impact of the Kelud eruption on fisheries sector in Kediri. The study was conducted in April-May 2014 with a focus on research location in Pare Subdistrict, KediriDistrict which is the catfish seed production centers. Primary and secondary data used in this study. Informants were selected using purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that the Mount Kelud eruption greatly affected to the fisheries sector in Kediri, both socially and economically. Social impact in the form of changes in the status of farmers, changes in social status and changes in livelihood. Economically, the impact of the Kelud eruption caused 274 farmers in 16 districts experienced a loss with a total loss of 3.9 billion dollars. The average value of the losses suffered by each cultivator is 14.4 million dollars per person death of seeds, death of fish, damage to fishponds, and the destruction of farming equipment.

scholarly journals The Function and Role in the IBAN Social Rank in their Communities

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.29) ◽  
pp. 639
Author(s):  
Fujica Anak Anggo ◽  
Louis Laja
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
The State ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
Traditional Belief ◽  
The Status

The Sea Dayaks, better known as the Ibans, inhabit nearly the whole of Sarawak. The Ibans belong to the Proto-Malay groups and historically, they were from the Kapuas Valley in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. They migrated to Sarawak about fifteen generations ago in the mid 16th century (the 1630s). They went to the state through the Kumpang Valley and inhabit Batang Ai and then split to several places in Sarawak (Morgan, 1968). Although the Ibans have a social status in their traditional belief, they do not have a hierarchy of social status such as the Orang Ulu. However, they have elevated the status so-called Pengulu, Tuai Rumah, Tuai Burung, Lemambang, Manang, Beliau, Tukang Sabak, dan Indu Takar. The era of modernization has led to changes to the knowledge of the young generation, especially the younger generation of the Ibans who lack knowledge about the function and role of each rank status in their communities. Therefore, this study was conducted qualitatively through an interview with expert informants, observation, and documentation. This research was hoped to contribute to the general knowledge of the Iban community and other communities in the preservation of the function and role of each social status in the Iban community.  

scholarly journals Pivoting during the pandemic: A case study of the Senior Companion Program Plus

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 811-811
Author(s):  
Noelle Fields ◽  
Ling Xu ◽  
Erin Roark ◽  
Sruthi Sundar ◽  
Ishan Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Participant Engagement ◽  
Older Volunteers ◽  
Phone Calls ◽  
The Status ◽  
Stress Burden ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Growing research supports the use of older volunteers to provide respite and community-based assistance to persons with ADRD and their caregivers. This study explores the impact of COVID-19 on a face-to-face, peer-led psychoeducational intervention for African American ADRD family caregivers, the Senior Companion Program Plus (SCP-Plus), and its subsequent need to ‘pivot’ during the pandemic. Method: The SCP-Plus was a randomized control trial across three states that assessed program impact on ADRD family caregiver stress/burden, coping, and social support. In spring 2020, the SCP-Plus intervention was halted because of the potential risk to participants due to COVID-19 (n = 20 enrolled dyads). In an effort to maintain rapport and trust, critical to retention in research studies, team members began weekly (March-April) and then bi-weekly calls (May-December) for the purpose of providing a social check-in and to provide updates on the status of the intervention. Results A total of 396 calls lasting approximately 10 minutes each were completed. Participants shared concerns around safety, access to food/supplies/masks/testing, feelings of stress and loss, concern for others, and the importance of technology as a means of social connection. Although the intervention aspect of the SCP-Plus ultimately ended due to COVID-19, information gleaned from these check-ins were used to pivot the study. The study moved forward by using a descriptive phenomenological approach to capture dyads’ lived experiences during COVID-19. Discussion Overall, purposeful participant engagement through weekly/bi-weekly phone calls suggests that this is a promising strategy for participant retention as well as for pivoting research.

scholarly journals Reproduction Within a Hierarchical Society from a Female’s Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 753-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay E Holekamp ◽  
Eli D Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Social Rank ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Spotted Hyena ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Related Variation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Reproductive Phases ◽  
Access To Food

Abstract The reproductive biology of many female mammals is affected by their social environment and their interactions with conspecifics. In mammalian societies structured by linear dominance hierarchies, such as that of the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta), a female’s social rank can have profound effects on both her reproductive success and her longevity. In this species, social rank determines priority of access to food, which is the resource limiting reproduction. Due largely to rank-related variation in access to food, reproduction from the perspective of a female spotted hyena can only be understood in the context of her position in the social hierarchy. In this review, we examine the effects of rank on the various phases of reproduction, from mating to weaning. Summed over many individual reproductive lifespans, the effect of rank at these different reproductive phases leads to dramatic rank-related variation in fitness among females and their lineages. Finally, we ask why females reproduce socially despite these apparent costs of group living to low-ranking females. Gregariousness enhances the fitness of females regardless of their positions in the social hierarchy, and females attempting to survive and reproduce without clanmates lose all their offspring. The positive effects of gregariousness appear to result from having female allies, both kin and non-kin, who cooperate to advertise and defend a shared territory, acquire, and defend food resources, maintain the status quo, and occasionally also to rise in social rank.

Influence of adoption AAOIFI accounting standards on earning management: evidence from Islamic banks

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1847-1870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherif El-Halaby ◽  
Hesham Albarrak ◽  
Rihab Grassa
Keyword(s):  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Earnings Manipulation ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Voluntary Standards ◽  
The Status ◽  
Islamic Financial Institutions ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The economic consequence for adopting accounting standards is one of the growing and valuable topics in accounting research. The purpose of this paper is to address the question whether the adoption of Islamic standards that are issued by Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFIs) has a positive effect on the level of earnings management (EM) in the Islamic banks (IBs) setting. The authors measure, in general, the impact of AAOIFI for adopter and non-adopter banks. This paper furthermore investigates whether IBs adopting AAOIFI as compulsory or as voluntary adopters, in general, are being less engaged in earnings manipulation. Design/methodology/approach Using empirical data from 143 IBs across 26 different countries from 2014 to 2018, the paper uses a linear regression model and probit regression analysis that group the banks investigated in this paper into adopters and non-adopters. Additional probit regressions were performed to test to what extent the status of AAOIFI adoption (compulsory or voluntary adopters) has an impact of EM. Findings The adoption of AAOIFI generally is associated with a reduction in the EM level. Furthermore, adopter IBs for AAOIFI is least involved in EM as compared to non-adopter IBs. In addition, the findings of this paper indicate that IBs across countries that mandate AAOIFI standards are less engaged in earnings manipulation as compared to other IBs in countries that adopt AAOIFI as voluntary standards. Research limitations/implications The results reported in this paper provide insights to central banks and regulators regarding the prominence of mandates of AAOIFI standards for IBs to enhance the trust level of stakeholders by reducing the unethical behavior (EM). In addition, this paper supports the applicability of AAOIFI standards for IBs rather than the conventional standards such as IFRS or local GAAP. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the findings are unique at two levels. First, the paper provides evidence on the economic consequences of using AAOIFI in the context of IBs which was not explored by previous research. Second, the paper extends the investigation of the impact of AAOIFI adoption for adopters verses non-adopters, as well as for mandatory verses voluntary adoption of AAOIFI.

From Rabbi Yosef Syracusty to Rabbi Nissi al-Nahrawani

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-206
Author(s):  
Daniel Roth
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Rabbinic Literature ◽  
Jewish Law ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Third Party ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
High Social Status

This chapter presents eight historical accounts and stories of rabbis or a group of rabbis who served as third-party peacemakers in medieval and early-modern rabbinic literature. The chapter is divided into three subsections based on the status and degree of success of the third party. The first section focuses on successful third-party rabbinic peacemakers with high social status, the second on unsuccessful rabbinic peacemakers who possessed less social status, and the third explores exceptions to this assertion. The chapter also includes a discussion about the responsibility of the rabbi to serve as a peacemaker or mediator in Jewish law and tradition.

scholarly journals Social behaviour, stress and susceptibility to infection in house mice (Mus musculus): effects of duration of grouping and aggressive behaviour prior to infection on susceptibility to Babesia microti

Parasitology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Barnard ◽  
J. M. Behnke ◽  
J. Sewell
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Aggressive Interaction ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
High Social Status ◽  
Peak Parasitaemia ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

SUMMARYUnrelated and initially unfamiliar male CFLP mice, maintained for different periods in groups of 6, differed in both their rate of clearance of Babesia microti and the time taken to reach peak parasitaemia in relation to their aggressive behaviour within groups prior to infection. Males maintained in groups for shorter periods and showing more aggression within their group were slower to clear infection and males showing more marked external evidence of aggressive interaction reached a peak of parasitaemia sooner. Serum IgG and corticosterone analyses were consistent with increased aggression causing stress-induced immunodepression but relationships with aggression and social status were not simple. Males showing more aggression tended to enter their groups with higher levels of corticosterone and, to a lesser extent, reduced levels of IgG compared with other mice. The results thus suggest that increased susceptibility to disease may be a cost to males aggressively maintaining high social status.

scholarly journals The Standard of Living of the Population and the Directions of its Increase in the Conditions of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (525) ◽  
pp. 221-226
Author(s):  
K. V. Bondarevska ◽  
◽  
V. O. Metlytska ◽  
A. S. Bozhko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
The Real ◽  
Time Work ◽  
The Status ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Tax Benefits ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on living standards in Ukraine and countries around the world. The status of the indicators of labor market development and the macro-economic indicators reflecting the standard of living of the population are evaluated. Negative tendencies of changes in unemployment rate during 2013–2020 and its exacerbation during the COVID-19 pandemic are determined. The authors analyzed changes in GDP levels in Ukraine and in Central and Eastern Europe, trends in the decline in the real wage index in Ukraine are highlighted. It is noted that the COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine restrictions have led to significant socio-economic consequences that have negatively affected the standard of living of the population of Ukraine. This is evidenced by the growth of unemployment of the population and a decrease in the level of real wages, the deterioration of macro-economic indicators, in particular gross domestic product. In order to increase the standard of living of the population in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, measures have been identified that include: enhancing the amount of financial support for small and medium-sized businesses, providing tax benefits to enterprises that employ graduates of educational institutions; raising minimum social standards taking into account their corresponding level in the EU countries; development and implementation of the State-based social programs aimed at supporting socially vulnerable categories of the population in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic; improving the investment climate and attracting investments to the real sector of the economy; stimulating the development of youth entrepreneurship, introducing dual education, forming an effective dialogue in the spheres of education and business; use of reserves for the introduction of innovative forms of employment and self-employment of the population (freelance, part-time work, etc.).

Reduction of spermatogonia and testosterone in rat testes flown on space lab-3

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
Delbert E. Philpott ◽  
W. Sapp ◽  
C. Williams ◽  
T. Fast ◽  
J. Stevenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Reproductive Maturation ◽  
Metabolic Activities

Space Lab 3 (SL-3) was flown on Shuttle Challenger providing an opportunity to measure the effect of spaceflight on rat testes. Cannon developed the idea that organisms react to unfavorable conditions with highly integrated metabolic activities. Selye summarized the manifestations of physiological response to nonspecific stress and he pointed out that atrophy of the gonads always occurred. Many papers have been published showing the effects of social interaction, crowding, peck order and confinement. Flickinger showed delayed testicular development in subordinate roosters influenced by group numbers, social rank and social status. Christian reported increasing population size in mice resulted in adrenal hypertrophy, inhibition of reproductive maturation and loss of reproductive function in adults. Sex organ weights also declined. Two male dogs were flown on Cosmos 110 for 22 days. Fedorova reported an increase of 30 to 70% atypical spermatozoa consisting of tail curling and/or the absence of a tail.

Strategic Role of Zakat in Multidimensional Quality of Life in Sijunjung, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
Herlin Hamimi ◽  
Abdul Ghafar Ismail ◽  
Muhammad Hasbi Zaenal
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Status ◽  
Being There ◽  
The Impact

Zakat is one of the five pillars of Islam which has a function of faith, social and economic functions. Muslims who can pay zakat are required to give at least 2.5 per cent of their wealth. The problem of poverty prevalent in disadvantaged regions because of the difficulty of access to information and communication led to a gap that is so high in wealth and resources. The instrument of zakat provides a paradigm in the achievement of equitable wealth distribution and healthy circulation. Zakat potentially offers a better life and improves the quality of human being. There is a human quality improvement not only in economic terms but also in spiritual terms such as improving religiousity. This study aims to examine the role of zakat to alleviate humanitarian issues in disadvantaged regions such as Sijunjung, one of zakat beneficiaries and impoverished areas in Indonesia. The researcher attempted a Cibest method to capture the impact of zakat beneficiaries before and after becoming a member of Zakat Community Development (ZCD) Program in material and spiritual value. The overall analysis shows that zakat has a positive impact on disadvantaged regions development and enhance the quality of life of the community. There is an improvement in the average of mustahik household incomes after becoming a member of ZCD Program. Cibest model demonstrates that material, spiritual, and absolute poverty index decreased by 10, 5, and 6 per cent. Meanwhile, the welfare index is increased by 21 per cent. These findings have significant implications for developing the quality of life in disadvantaged regions in Sijunjung. Therefore, zakat is one of the instruments to change the status of disadvantaged areas to be equivalent to other areas.

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