Walter Lippmann, emotion, and the history of international theory

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Eric Van Rythoven
Keyword(s):  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Modern World ◽  
International Theory ◽  
Mass Politics ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Walter Lippmann ◽  
Modern Mass ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
First World

Abstract The recent ‘emotion turn’ in international theory is widely viewed as a cutting-edge development which pushes the field in fundamentally new directions. Challenging this narrative, this essay returns to the historical works of Walter Lippmann to show how thinking about emotions has been central to international theory for far longer than currently appreciated. Deeply troubled by his experience with propaganda during the First World War, Lippmann spent the next several decades thinking about the relationship between emotion, mass politics, and the challenges of foreign policy in the modern world. The result was a sophisticated account of the role of emotional stereotypes and symbols in mobilizing democratic publics to international action. I argue that a return to Lippmann's ideas offers two advantages. First, it shows his thinking on emotion and mass politics formed an important influence for key disciplinary figures like Angell, Morgenthau, Niebuhr, and Waltz. Second, it shows why the relationship between emotion and democracy should be understood as a vital concern for international theory. Vacillating between scepticism and hope, Lippmann's view of democracy highlights a series of challenges in modern mass politics – disinformation, the unintended consequences of emotional symbols, and responsibility for the public's emotional excesses – which bear directly on democracies' ability to engage the world.

Jews in Lithuania between the Two World Wars

2013 ◽  
pp. 253-273
Author(s):  
Antony Polonsky
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Intellectual Life ◽  
World War ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anti Jewish ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Town ◽  
First World

This chapter addresses the position of Jews in Lithuania between the two world wars. Although the history of inter-war Lithuania reveals many political failures, it is clear that, even during the authoritarian period, civil society continued to develop. Illiteracy was largely eradicated and impressive advances were made in social and intellectual life. In addition, land reform created a prosperous farming community whose products made up the bulk of the country's exports. The first years of Lithuanian independence were marked by a far-reaching experiment in Jewish autonomy. The experiment attracted wide attention across the Jewish world and was taken as a model by some Jewish politicians in Poland. Jewish autonomy also seemed to be in the interests of Lithuanians. The bulk of the Lithuanian lands remained largely agricultural until the First World War. Relations between Jews, who were the principal intermediaries between the town and manor and the countryside, and the mainly peasant Lithuanians took the form of a hostile symbiosis. This relationship was largely peaceful, and anti-Jewish violence was rare, although, as elsewhere, the relationship was marked by mutual contempt.

scholarly journals Fanzine – arquitetura e revolução

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Júlia Heloísa Souza Lima ◽  
Manoela Da Rosa Salvador ◽  
Schayane Dias Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Architectural Styles ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
Visual Organization ◽  
Graphic Content ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
First World

Based on the methodology applied in the discipline of Theory and History of Architecture and Urbanism IV, based on part of its programmatic content that approached the organization of the built environment resulting from the Industrial Revolution until the First World War, a fanzine was developed as an evaluative exercise of the subject to expose the knowledge produced. Under the title "Architecture and Revolution", the fanzine depicts the relationship between historical moments and architecture, specifically on the French and Russian Revolutions and the Neoclassical and Constructivist architectural styles. The material produced seeks through its graphic and visual organization to reflect on the occurrences and social changes of each period and its reflection in the architectural environment, employing on its pages the contrast of the characteristics of each movement. As a reference for the development of the graphic content, political posters of the 20th century were used, which present an expressive and innovative visual language in relation to the materials from which they were produced up to that time, mainly the Russian posters, which used to be based on French pamphlets and have their own language, used as a means of political persuasion.

Difficult (Re-)Alignments – Comparative Perspectives on Social Democracy and Religion from Late-nineteenth century to Interwar Germany and Britain

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 574-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Berger
Keyword(s):  
Social Ethics ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sermon On The Mount ◽  
The Social ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
New Religion ◽  
First World

The attitudes of British and German socialists vis-a-vis religion before the First World War has been described by one of the most eminent scholars in the field of the history of religion, Hugh McLeod, as being diametrically opposed – German socialists were largely secular, irreligious and anti-clerical whereas within British socialism, Christianity, especially dissenting Protestantism, was a far more important streak. In this article I would like to modulate the stark contrast contained in this commonly held view by looking at a slightly different time frame than McLeod, and by emphasizing more the ambiguities and uncertainties of that relationship between socialism and religion in both countries. It shall be argued that a longer-term positive relationship between religion and socialism in Britain can be juxtaposed with a rapprochement between the forces of religion and socialism in interwar Germany. Hence the article will provide a cross-country diachronic comparison of the relationship between religion and socialism in Britain and Germany. It will highlight, in particular, a common utopianism of religion and socialism, that could also be called utopianism of the social ethics of the Sermon on the Mount; attempts to forge socialism as new religion shall be examined on the subsequent pages.

Women in Social Catholicism in Late Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-century France

1990 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 467-480
Author(s):  
James F. McMillan
Keyword(s):  
Paradoxical Situation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Christian Discourse ◽  
Social Catholicism ◽  
First World ◽  
The Church

This lecture should also have a sub-title, perhaps something like ‘a study in ambiguity’, because I want to use it as a particular example of the great paradox which seems to lie at the core of the relationship between women and the Church. On the one hand, as is well known, most varieties of Christianity have been marked by a more or less powerful misogynist strain which, understandably, has been the focus for feminist denunciations of the Church as one of the principal enemies of women’s rights. On the other hand, as ecclesiastical historians perhaps know better than others, Christianity cannot be viewed crudely as a force invariably responsible for women’s oppression, since from its beginnings it has proved itself specially attractive to women, allowing them to find inner peace and deep fulfilment through Church-related activities. I hope to show tliat the history of women’s involvement in the social Catholic movement in France in the period before the First World War is a perfect illustration of the paradoxical situation in which, within the framework of a potentially restrictive Christian discourse, women have been able to make a distinctive contribution both to their religion and to society in general.

Towards the National Song Book: The History of an Idea

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Cox
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Popular Music ◽  
Popular Education ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Racial Pride ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
First World

This paper traces the relationship between music and national feeling which permeated popular education during the latter part of the nineteenth century, culminating in the publication ofThe National Song Book(Stanford, 1906). By the First World War there was hardly a school in the country which did not possess a copy. The roots of the idea of national songs are traced back to Herder and Engel, and in particular to William Chappell'sPopular Music of the Olden Time(1858–9). The paper argues that music educationists developed distinct theories about the educative value of such songs in developing notions of nationhood, patriotism and racial pride. Specifically a line of development is traced in the development ofThe National Song Bookthrough Charles Stanford, W. H. Hadow and Arthur Somervell, while taking cognisance of the dissenting views of John Stainer and Cecil Sharp. The paper concludes thatThe National Song Bookproclaimed the hegemony of the literate tradition as opposed to the oral, and considers the view that national songs contained within them the danger of the manipulation of patriotism.

scholarly journals Vergangene Versprechen der Ersten Republik: Der Zusammenhang sozialer und gleicher Rechte von Minderheiten am Beispiel Kärnten/ Koroška

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Maria Clar
Keyword(s):  
Social Issues ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Language Retention ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First Republic ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
First World

After the First World War, states disintegrated in Europe, and in some regions, questions arose about the demarcation of borders. This was also the case in the then mainly Slovenian-speaking part of Carinthia in southern Austria. In October 1920, a vote was taken on state affiliation. The decisive factor was the political system of the so-named First Republic and the associated promises of social and equal rights as well as economic factors. A hundred years later, it becomes clear, that not all promises have been kept. It encourages reflection on how the rights of minorities can be incorporated into democracies. The present article, with a focus on the minutes of the provisional Carinthian federal-state assembly and the Carinthian provincial government, examines how participation, social rights, and the relationship between minority and majority, have found their way into a momentous political decision. It becomes clear how social issues and the possibility of language retention are an intertwined part of the regional history of Carinthia. Subsequently, the dependence of minority rights on the willingness of hegemonic groups to implement them can be discussed.

The Politics of American Broadcasting: Public Purposes and Private Interests

1976 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Broadcast Regulation ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Broadcasting Industry ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Principles And Standards ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
First World

Public regulation of broadcasting in the United States effectively began during the First World War. The history of such regulation, from its beginning to the present, is essentially a catalogue of governmental attempts to keep pace with extremely rapid technological and commercial developments. Thus the regulation of broadcasting should be viewed more as a series of empirical adjustments to changing circumstances and conditions than as expressing a coherent philosophy or theory of administration. But, in their attempts to deal pragmatically with abuses in the broadcasting industry, regulators found themselves evolving principles and standards which served to define and clarify the relationship between the government and the broadcasting interests. The purpose of this paper is to examine this relationship and to account for the gulf which has developed between the ‘ theory ’ and the practice of broadcast regulation.

Socio-political and confessional preconditions of the birth of the Ukrainian Evangelical-Reformed Church in Western Ukraine (20-30 years of the twentieth century)

2000 ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
R. Soloviy
Keyword(s):  
Public Life ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Reformed Church ◽  
Religious Influences ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
History Of ◽  
Religious Factor ◽  
First World

In the history of religious organizations of Western Ukraine in the 20-30th years of the XX century. The activity of such an early protestant denominational formation as the Ukrainian Evangelical-Reformed Church occupies a prominent position. Among UCRC researchers there are several approaches to the preconditions for the birth of the Ukrainian Calvinistic movement in Western Ukraine. In particular, O. Dombrovsky, studying the historical preconditions for the formation of the UREC in Western Ukraine, expressed the view that the formation of the Calvinist cell should be considered in the broad context of the Ukrainian national revival of the 19th and 20th centuries, a new assessment of the religious factor in public life proposed by the Ukrainian radical activists ( M. Drahomanov, I. Franko, M. Pavlik), and significant socio-political, national-cultural and spiritual shifts caused by the events of the First World War. Other researchers of Ukrainian Calvinism, who based their analysis on the confessional-polemical approach (I.Vlasovsky, M.Stepanovich), interpreted Protestantism in Ukraine as a product of Western cultural and religious influences, alien to Ukrainian spirituality and culture.

Ale na razie tu cisza” – fotografie sprzed katastrofy w wybranych zapisach literackich (Stefan Chwin, Ryszard Kapuściński, Wisława Szymborska)

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
Magdalena Strąk
Keyword(s):  
Time Perspective ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
First World War ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
First World

The work aims to show a peculiar perspective of looking at photographs taken on the eve of the broadly understood disaster, which is specified in a slightly different way in each of the literary texts (Stefan Chwin’s autobiographical novel Krótka historia pewnego żartu [The brief history of a certain joke], a poem by Ryszard Kapuściński Na wystawie „Fotografia chłopów polskich do 1944 r.” [At an exhibition “The Polish peasants in photographs to 1944”] and Wisława Szymborska’s Fotografia z 11 września [Photograph from September 11]) – as death in a concentration camp, a general concept of the First World War or a terrorist attack. Upcoming tragic events – of which the photographed people are not yet aware – become for the subsequent recipient an inseparable element of reality contained in the frame. For the later observers, privileged with time perspective, the characters captured in the photograph are already victims of the catastrophe, which in reality was not yet recorded by the camera. It is a work about coexistence of the past and future in the field of photography.

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