China's Milk Scandals and Its Food Risk Assessment Institutional Framework

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinghui Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
International Context ◽  
The Past

Over the past years, a series of milk crises in China — culminating in the melamine milk scandal in 2008 — have seriously undermined public confidence in food safety. Drawing on international experience to strengthen its regulatory system, China recently introduced elements of risk assessment in its two main Food Safety Laws, namely the Law on the Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products and the Food Safety Law, which represent its basic legislation and institutional framework in terms of food safety. The article explores this new Chinese risk assessment framework in an international context. Specifically, given the similarities between the melamine milk scandal in China and the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) crisis in Europe in the 1990s in terms of both severity and link to respective corresponding reforms, much of the article focuses on a comparison of the food risk assessment institutions of the two jurisdictions in the aftermath of the crises.

scholarly journals Competitiveness of the agricultural sector: determinants of the global growth

2017 ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Borys Pohrishchuk ◽  
Halyna Pohrishchuk
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Competitive Growth ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Global Growth ◽  
The Eu

The paper provides rationale for the key determinants of enhancing competitiveness of the agricultural sector in the light of the global growth, which is possible through structural adjustment of foreign economic opportunities and strategic focus on exporting competitive agricultural products. In order to advance the competitiveness of domestic agricultural products in the international markets, it is proposed to implement a series of measures through establishing a framework for ensuring a competitive market. By splitting the factors into those responsible for external and internal sectoral transformations, a framework for ensuring a competitive growth in the agricultural sector with regard to the global progress is developed. The effectiveness of introducing the framework is practically expressed in strengthening positions in export sales; expanding the existing markets and entering new ones; stabilizing domestic and external demand; producing environmentally-friendly and safe products that meet world quality standards. An innovative component of systemic changes in the sector is highlighted. Some trends and prospects related to foreign economic activities of the competitive agricultural sector are outlined. In order to address the challenges on the road towards more competitive agricultural sector the following proposals are developed and justified: to complete the adaption of Ukraine’s legislative and normative framework and the regulatory system to the requirements of the EU; to establish a national system of food safety in accordance with the requirements of the food safety and animal feed safety model introduced in the EU-countries; to introduce sanitary and phytosanitary measures that are consistent with the EU requirements in agribusiness enterprises; to accomplish the establishment and operation of the system of state market supervision over the observance of requirements to the safety of food products and creation of a network of accredited conformity assessment bodies and ensure the full recognition of the National Accreditation Agency of Ukraine by international institutions.

Comparative Analysis of Food Security and Tort Liability Doctrines in Russia and China

2020 ◽  
pp. 170-188
Author(s):  
Dmitry Bogdanov ◽  
Svetlana Bogdanova
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Tort Liability ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Food Safety And Quality

Provision of the population with environmentally friendly and safe agricultural products is an important challenge in the developed states. This chapter analyzes the issues of food safety and quality. The indemnification caused by low-quality products stimulates producers to ensure the quality and safety of food resources. The institute of indemnification caused by low-quality agricultural products is analyzed in the chapter. Special attention is paid to the issues of consumer protection in the legislation of Russia and China.

Risk Assessment in the European Food Safety Regulation: Who is to Decide Whose Science is Better? Commission v. France and Beyond…

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 1259-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Szawlowska
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Safety Regulation ◽  
Regulatory Decision ◽  
Remedial Actions ◽  
The One ◽  
The Eu

The outbreak of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (hereinafter BSE) in Europe has brought about serious tensions and fears – not only among consumers, but also among the national and European authorities responsible for risk management. Faced with the incapacity of the existing system to control the situation, on the one hand, and the need to restore consumers’ confidence on the other, the EU and national regulators felt obliged to repair the weaknesses as soon as possible. However, remedial actions undertaken at the time of the BSE crisis were not always the product of thorough consultations and they were often not well coordinated. Thus, they became a source of disagreement among the various actors in play. The case Commission v. France, which I will examine more closely in this paper, illustrates such a conflict among the national and European scientific authorities. The judgment was delivered in 2001, but the problem of the successful integration of science into the regulatory decision-making process of the EU still remains unsettled. In this paper I will present suggestions as to how the situation could be influenced by the outcomes of recent reforms of European food safety law and the establishment of the European Food Safety Authority.

Research on Food Safety RFID Anti-Collision Algorithm

2013 ◽  
Vol 760-762 ◽  
pp. 2224-2228
Author(s):  
Xiang Jie Niu ◽  
Hua Li
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Time Slot ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Traceability System ◽  
Collision Mechanism

As an effective way to control the quality and safety of agricultural products, traceability system is aroused growing world attention. On the purpose of retrospective quality, this paper constructs a food safety management and quality traceability system from IT view. The paper makes a detail analysis of implementation process of RFID Anti-collision algorithm. This paper produces details about the anti-collision mechanism in tags identification and proposes a dynamic frame time slot anti-collision algorithm, which fulfils the function of tags identification in system food safety quality trace.

scholarly journals Radiocesium Contamination in Samples of Blueberries Jams Collected in Stores of NE Italy (2013-2017)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Massimo Calabrese ◽  
Antonella Calabretti ◽  
Chiara Cantaluppi ◽  
Federica Ceccotto ◽  
Daniele Zannoni
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Nuclear Accident ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ne Italy ◽  
Cesium 137

The monitoring of radioactivity in foodstuffs is carried out for the purposes of food safety in order to follow the evolution of the contamination as result of incidents that occurred both in the past (eg Chernobyl) and in more recent times (eg, Fukushima). Then, the movement of goods from these countries to European Union may cause the propagation of foods potentially toxic for health. At the Port of Trieste, in the period of September 2013, some loads of blueberries (Vaccinum mirtyllus L.) were examined within the application of EC Regulation 733/2008, on the conditions governing imports of agricultural products originating in the countries affected by the nuclear accident of Chernobyl in 1986. The fruits came from Ukraine and were intended for the food preparations containing blueberries, in particular jams and marmalades. As in some cases significant values of Radiocesium concentrations (Cesium-137) were found in blueberries, though below the limit of 600 Bq/kg as required by the Regulations, it was decided to verify whether the presence of this contaminant in the raw material at the tested levels could interest the finished products. In this work, we have therefore collected and analyzed some samples of concentrated blueberries products in different large stores, in order to verify the magnitude of the possible contamination by radio Cesium.

Designing Risk Qualitative Assessment on Fiber Optic Instalation Project in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Devi Pratami
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Project Implementation ◽  
Cost Impact ◽  
Implementation Assessment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Cost

A project always has risks that can lead to project failure. In the project, a risk analysis is required to provide an evaluation for the project to proceed as planned. In the event of inadequate planning and ineffective control, it will result in irregularities identified as a risk to the project. This study aims to analyze the qualitative risk on Fiber Optic Installaion project in Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia. In addition, risk assessment is undertaken on project implementation. Assessment of risk using the impact and probability to measure the impact of risk occurrence. The impacts are more detailed by classified by time impact, cost impact, quality impact, safety and security impact, proximity. The result is there are 36 risk that may occur and mostly risks are associaated by quality and safety&security impact.

scholarly journals d4PDF: large-ensemble and high-resolution climate simulations for global warming risk assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayoshi Ishii ◽  
Nobuhito Mori
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Atmospheric Models ◽  
Large Ensemble ◽  
Past Climate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Climate Simulations

Abstract A large-ensemble climate simulation database, which is known as the database for policy decision-making for future climate changes (d4PDF), was designed for climate change risk assessments. Since the completion of the first set of climate simulations in 2015, the database has been growing continuously. It contains the results of ensemble simulations conducted over a total of thousands years respectively for past and future climates using high-resolution global (60 km horizontal mesh) and regional (20 km mesh) atmospheric models. Several sets of future climate simulations are available, in which global mean surface air temperatures are forced to be higher by 4 K, 2 K, and 1.5 K relative to preindustrial levels. Nonwarming past climate simulations are incorporated in d4PDF along with the past climate simulations. The total data volume is approximately 2 petabytes. The atmospheric models satisfactorily simulate the past climate in terms of climatology, natural variations, and extreme events such as heavy precipitation and tropical cyclones. In addition, data users can obtain statistically significant changes in mean states or weather and climate extremes of interest between the past and future climates via a simple arithmetic computation without any statistical assumptions. The database is helpful in understanding future changes in climate states and in attributing past climate events to global warming. Impact assessment studies for climate changes have concurrently been performed in various research areas such as natural hazard, hydrology, civil engineering, agriculture, health, and insurance. The database has now become essential for promoting climate and risk assessment studies and for devising climate adaptation policies. Moreover, it has helped in establishing an interdisciplinary research community on global warming across Japan.

scholarly journals Advances in the Development Ubiquitin-Specific Peptidase (USP) Inhibitors

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4546
Author(s):  
Shiyao Chen ◽  
Yunqi Liu ◽  
Huchen Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Molecular Signaling ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
The Past ◽  
Damage Repair ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cancer And Inflammation

Ubiquitylation and deubiquitylation are reversible protein post-translational modification (PTM) processes involving the regulation of protein degradation under physiological conditions. Loss of balance in this regulatory system can lead to a wide range of diseases, such as cancer and inflammation. As the main members of the deubiquitinases (DUBs) family, ubiquitin-specific peptidases (USPs) are closely related to biological processes through a variety of molecular signaling pathways, including DNA damage repair, p53 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathways. Over the past decade, increasing attention has been drawn to USPs as potential targets for the development of therapeutics across diverse therapeutic areas. In this review, we summarize the crucial roles of USPs in different signaling pathways and focus on advances in the development of USP inhibitors, as well as the methods of screening and identifying USP inhibitors.

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