scholarly journals How Cognitive Genetic Factors Influence Fertility Outcomes: A Mediational SEM Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 628-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Woodley of Menie ◽  
Joseph A. Schwartz ◽  
Kevin M. Beaver
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Indirect Pathway ◽  
Present Sample ◽  
Verbal Iq ◽  
Fertility Measure ◽  
Multigroup Sem

Utilizing a newly released cognitive Polygenic Score (PGS) from Wave IV of Add Health (n = 1,886), structural equation models (SEMs) examining the relationship between PGS and fertility (which is approximately 50% complete in the present sample), employing measures of verbal IQ and educational attainment as potential mediators, were estimated. The results of indirect pathway models revealed that verbal IQ mediates the positive relationship between PGS and educational attainment, and educational attainment in turn mediates the negative relationship between verbal IQ and a latent fertility measure. The direct path from PGS to fertility was non-significant. The model was robust to controlling for age, sex, and race; furthermore, the results of a multigroup SEM revealed no significant differences in the estimated path coeficients across sex. These results indicate that those predisposed towards higher verbal IQ by virtue of higher PGS values are also predisposed towards trading fertility against time spent in education, which contributes to those with higher PGS values producing fewer offspring at this stage in their life course.

scholarly journals How cognitive genetic factors influence fertility outcomes: A mediational SEM analysis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Woodley Menie ◽  
Joseph A. Schwartz ◽  
Kevin M. Beaver
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Indirect Pathway ◽  
Present Sample ◽  
Verbal Iq ◽  
Fertility Measure ◽  
Pathway Models

ABSTRACTUtilizing a newly released cognitive Polygenic Score (PGS) from Wave IV of Add Health (n = 1,886), structural equation models (SEMs) examining the relationship between PGS and fertility (which is approximately 50% complete in the present sample), utilizing measures of verbal IQ and educational attainment as potential mediators, were estimated. The results of indirect pathway models revealed that verbal IQ mediates the positive relationship between PGS and educational attainment, and educational attainment in turn mediates the negative relationship between IQ and a latent fertility measure. The direct path from PGS to fertility was non-significant. The model was robust to controlling for age, sex and race, furthermore the results of a multi-group SEM revealed no significant differences in the estimated path coefficients across sex. These results indicate that those predisposed towards higher IQ by virtue of higher PGS values are also predisposed towards trading fertility against time spent in education, which contributes to those with higher PGS values producing fewer offspring.

Mental distress and its associations with behavioral outcomes during the COVID-19: A national survey of Chinese adults (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Ma ◽  
Liwang Gao ◽  
Joseph Tak-Fai Lau ◽  
Rahman Atif ◽  
Blair T. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Negative Consequences

BACKGROUND This study primarily aimed to evaluate the associations between mental distress and COVID-19-related changes in behavioral outcomes, and potential modifiers (age, gender, and educational attainment) of such associations. OBJECTIVE The COVID -19 pandemic has led to elevated levels of mental distress attributed to prolonged lockdowns, business closures, and social isolation. Its impact on behavioral outcomes is however less known. This study is designed to primarily evaluate the associations between mental distress and COVID-19-related changes in drinking, smoking, physical activity and body weight, and potential modifiers of such associations including age, gender, and educational attainment. METHODS An online survey using anonymous network sampling was conducted in China during April-May, 2020 using a 74-item questionnaire distributed through social media. A national sample of 10,545 adults in 31 provinces provided data on socio-demographic characteristics, COVID-19-related mental distress, and changes in behavioral outcomes. Structural equation models were used for data analyses. RESULTS About 13% of adults reported experiencing at least one symptom of mental distress. After adjusting for age, education, gender, ethnicity, marital status, residence, and number of chronic conditions, greater mental distress was associated with increased smoking and alcohol consumption (among current smokers and drinkers) and with both increased and decreased physical activity. Underweight adults were more likely to lose body weight (≥1 kg) whereas overweight adults were more likely to gain weight by the same amount. The association between mental distress and change in physical activity was stronger in adults aged 40 and above and those with high education. Mental distress was significantly associated with an increase in smoking in males but not females. CONCLUSIONS Mental distress was associated with increased smoking in males but not females. These findings inform the design of tailored public health interventions aimed to mitigate long-term negative consequences of mental distress on outcomes.

Study on Customer Personality Characteristics and Relationship Outcomes Using SEM Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 462-463 ◽  
pp. 841-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Feng
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Social Affiliation ◽  
Service Companies ◽  
Relationship Outcomes ◽  
Customer Trust

The purpose of this article is to empirically examine the influence of customer personality characteristics (need for social affiliation, customer relationship proneness) on relationship outcomes (customer trust, satisfaction, and loyalty). Online responses from service companies were gathered to assess the influence using Structural Equation Models (SEM). Results indicate that need for social affiliation is a strong determinant of customer relationship proneness and trust. Consumer relationship proneness has directly positive impact on trust and satisfaction. The results confirm the trust-satisfaction-loyalty paradigm in service context.

Does Diversity Damage Social Capital? A Comparative Study of Neighbourhood Diversity and Social Capital in the US and Britain

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Fieldhouse ◽  
David Cutts
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Capital Social ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Us

Abstract. A number of scholars have noted a negative relationship between ethnic diversity and social capital or social trust, especially in the US. Evidence from other countries has been more mixed and sometimes contradictory. In this paper we provide the first Anglo-American comparative analysis of the relationship between neighbourhood diversity and social capital, and show how this relationship varies across ethnic categories. We apply multilevel structural equation models to individual level data from the 2000 Citizen Benchmark Survey for the US and the 2005 Citizenship Survey for Great Britain. The findings suggest that while for attitudinal social capital among Whites the negative underlying relationship with diversity is apparent in both countries, the effect is much weaker or reversed for minority groups. For structural social capital the negative relationship is apparent for minorities but not Whites, but this is mainly attributable to other neighbourhood characteristics.Résumé. Un certain nombre d'universitaires ont noté une relation négative entre la diversité ethnique et le capital social ou la confiance sociale, surtout aux États-Unis. D'autres pays, par contre, offrent des constats plus mitigés et parfois contradictoires. Dans cet article, nous présentons la première analyse comparative anglo-américaine de la relation entre la diversité du voisinage et le capital social et nous démontrons comment cette relation varie selon les catégories ethniques. Nous appliquons des modélisations par équation structurelle à multiniveaux à des données de niveau individuel provenant du Citizen Benchmark Survey de 2000 pour les États-Unis et du Citizenship Survey de 2005 pour la Grande-Bretagne. Les résultats démontrent que si, pour le capital social attitudinal, la relation fondamentale négative avec la diversité est évidente parmi les Blancs dans les deux pays, l'effet est cependant beaucoup plus faible ou renversé pour les groupes minoritaires. En ce qui concerne le capital social structurel, la relation négative est évidente pour les minorités, mais pas pour les Blancs, mais cette situation est principalement attribuable à d'autres caractéristiques du voisinage.

scholarly journals Understanding E-Commerce Consumers’ Repeat Purchase Intention: The Role of Trust Transfer and the Moderating Effect of Neuroticism

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeon Gyu Jeon ◽  
Cheong Kim ◽  
Jungwoo Lee ◽  
Kun Chang Lee
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Global Model ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Trust Transfer ◽  
Repeat Purchase

The dominant position of e-commerce is especially being articulated in the retailing industry once again due to several constraints that the world faces in the COVID-19 pandemic era. In this regard, this study explores the significant role of trust transfer (from offline to online) and the moderating effect of consumers’ neurotic traits in the framework of trust-satisfaction-repurchase intention in the e-commerce context based on a survey with 406 Korean e-commerce consumers. Moreover, a prediction-oriented segmentation (POS) technique combined with structural equation models (SEM) was utilized to reveal consumers’ probable hidden heterogeneous characteristics. The outcomes of the global model SEM analysis indicate that offline-online trust transference occurs in e-commerce, and the conveyed trust significantly influences satisfaction and consumers’ repeat purchase intention through satisfaction. Neuroticism also has significant positive effects on trust transfer in the global model. However, results in three subgroups generated by POS show heterogeneous characteristics that considerably differed from the global model test results. The implications from this study will be beneficial to field practitioners in the e-commerce industry in addressing the importance of trust transfer, negative neurotic traits as well as heterogeneous aspects of consumers.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Innovation Dissemination in Efforts to Increase Adoption of Sustainable Rice Innovation using LISREL

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-570
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Of Innovation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Extension Agents ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
The Future

The main issue related to the role of innovation-producing institutions during the last two decades is the limited innovation adopted by end users. The aim of this study was to (1) analyze the perceptions of researchers-extension agents-farmers about the accuracy and speed of innovation,(2) analyze the factors that influence the accuracy and speed of adoption and diffusion of innovation, and (3) formulate effective strategies for disseminating innovation in the future. The study was conducted through a survey approach, from March to December 2018 at rice production centers in Central Java and West Java Provinces, Indonesia. Number of respondents (n) was 270 rice farmers. The first objective was answered using descriptive analysis and tabulation, while the second and third objectives were answered using Structural Equation Models (SEM) with LISREL software version 8.72. SEM analysis is a combination of factor analysis, path analysis and regression. The results of the study indicated differences in perceptions within researchers-extension agents-farmers about the accuracy of innovation. The effectiveness of dissemination is very strongly represented by indicators of time and quality accuracies. The effectiveness of dissemination is at the same time a factor influencing the acceleration of diffusion. In the future, it is necessary to investigate the accuracy of each innovation produced by Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD), and understand every actor who plays roles in the innovation system, starting from the producer/provider of innovation, extension agents and other sources of information, as well as users/farmers. The other factors influencing the dissemination of innovation (delivery system) are the capacity of the information sources and the characteristics of the innovation itself.

Assessing levers of guilt in luxury consumption: an international perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Noel Kapferer ◽  
Pierre Valette-Florence
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Luxury Brands ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Luxury Market

Purpose For as long as luxury has existed, it has been criticized, by philosophers and moralists, who condemn self-indulgence, hedonism and vanity. Yet these concerns have not prevented the remarkable expansion of the luxury sector, evidence that most buyers revel in unashamed luxury. Modern economists point out the link between the development of the luxury market and the growth of social inequality. This study aims to assess how much guilt consumers feel during luxury purchases and identify its levers. Design/methodology/approach Based on 3,162 real luxury buyers from 6 countries, both Asian and western, emerging and mature luxury markets, a partial least squares-structural equation models (PLS-SEM) analysis assesses the level of guilt experienced during luxury purchases and identifies which drivers most impact guilt. Findings This study assesses the presence of a little guilt among a significant portion of luxury buyers across countries. Two countries present extreme scores: the USA (55.6%) and Japan (32%). Overall, the main driver of guilt is that luxury makes economic inequality highly visible; interestingly the pursuit of hedonism reduces the feelings of guilt. Research limitations/implications These findings have notable implications for luxury companies as the long-term success of this sector would be questionable if it attracts social criticism and induces distressing feelings among clients. Practical implications Luxury brands need to implement guilt reducing communication strategies. Social implications The luxury sector as a whole should redefine its purpose and mission. Originality/value This level of guilt experienced during purchases rarely has been investigated in prior luxury research. Yet luxury addresses larger targets, from the happy few to the happy many. Thanks to PLS-SEM modelization, the same hierarchy of guilt driving factors is revealed across countries.

scholarly journals Combined Effects of Race and Socioeconomic Status on Cancer Beliefs, Cognitions, and Emotions

Healthcare ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari ◽  
Pegah Khoshpouri ◽  
Hamid Chalian
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racial Gap ◽  
Cancer Beliefs ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Aim: To determine whether socioeconomic status (SES; educational attainment and income) explains the racial gap in cancer beliefs, cognitions, and emotions in a national sample of American adults. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, data came from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) 2017, which included a nationally representative sample of American adults. The study enrolled 2277 adults who were either non-Hispanic Black (n = 409) or non-Hispanic White (n = 1868). Race, demographic factors (age and gender), SES (i.e., educational attainment and income), health access (insurance status, usual source of care), family history of cancer, fatalistic cancer beliefs, perceived risk of cancer, and cancer worries were measured. We ran structural equation models (SEMs) for data analysis. Results: Race and SES were associated with perceived risk of cancer, cancer worries, and fatalistic cancer beliefs, suggesting that non-Hispanic Blacks, low educational attainment and low income were associated with higher fatalistic cancer beliefs, lower perceived risk of cancer, and less cancer worries. Educational attainment and income only partially mediated the effects of race on cancer beliefs, emotions, and cognitions. Race was directly associated with fatalistic cancer beliefs, perceived risk of cancer, and cancer worries, net of SES. Conclusions: Racial gap in SES is not the only reason behind racial gap in cancer beliefs, cognitions, and emotions. Racial gap in cancer related beliefs, emotions, and cognitions is the result of race and SES rather than race or SES. Elimination of racial gap in socioeconomic status will not be enough for elimination of racial disparities in cancer beliefs, cognitions, and emotions in the United States.

scholarly journals CASH WAQF INVESTMENT AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION: CASE OF TABUNG MASJIDS IN MALAYSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-346
Author(s):  
Rashedul Hasan ◽  
M. Kabir Hassan ◽  
Mamunur Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
The Impact

Recent investigations of the financial management practices of mosques in Indonesia have influenced this study, which investigates the ability of mosques in Malaysia to invest cash waqf for development activities. The impact of cash waqf investment is further extended to study the importance of such cash waqf donations toward poverty alleviation. 100 mosques in Melaka and Terengganu are selected for the purpose of conducting a survey using a self-developed questionnaire. Data collected from the survey are tested for their validity and reliability before conducting Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis using Smart PLS 3.0. This study finds that cash waqf donation plays a positive role in increasing the ability of the selected states to alleviate poverty. The negative relationship between cash waqf investment and donation raises the need for a rigorous analysis. A conceptual model integrating cash waqf investment, donation, and poverty alleviation is provided in this study, which is the first of its kind. The results provided by the study will allow regulators and mosque fund managers to understand the significance of cash waqf donations and the importance of effective cash waqf management. Efficient investment of cash waqf can ensure sustainable and perpetual income that will allow a mosque to play a vital role in improving the living standards of the Muslim Ummah. The findings of the study cannot be generalized for all states in Malaysia due to the limitation of purposive sampling.

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