South Africa&#39;s Water Law and Policy Framework: Implications for the Right to Water

10.1093/oso/9780199489855.003.0006 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 143-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sujith Koonan

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Legal Framework ◽

Policy Framework ◽

Law And Policy ◽

The Law ◽

The Right ◽

Union Government

The legal framework relating to the realization of the right to sanitation in rural areas is complex and fragmented, with laws and institutions focusing on different aspects of sanitation at different administrative levels. The framework is further complicated with the presence of a strong policy framework framed by the Union Government from time to time which primarily governs the sector. This chapter examines the law and policy framework for the realization of the right to sanitation in rural areas in India. It specifically examines the framework for implementation of the right to sanitation in rural areas from the perspective of rights including the right to sanitation.

The Environmental Dimension of the Right to Sanitation

10.1093/oso/9780199489855.003.0010 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 261-284

Author(s):

Lovleen Bhullar

Keyword(s):

Water Pollution ◽

Waste Disposal ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Policy Framework ◽

Top Down ◽

Public Authorities ◽

Human Waste ◽

Law And Policy ◽

Treatment And Disposal ◽

This chapter examines and analyses the law and policy framework governing treatment and disposal of human waste in India. It finds that sanitation (and the disposal of human waste) is largely viewed as a sub-set of provision of water. Social, economic, and environmental changes that necessitate amendments in existing laws and/or the enactment of new laws have not been considered. An infrastructure focused, top-down approach has been adopted insofar as treatment is concerned and there is limited or no discussion about the appropriateness of existing human waste disposal technologies or consideration of alternatives in other cases, either in laws or policies. There is poor implementation of binding and non-binding instruments laying down standards for sewage disposal in order to avoid water pollution. Despite courts’ directions in cases concerning the failure or inability of public authorities to discharge their duties, there is no change in status quo.

Introduction

10.1093/oso/9780199489855.003.0001 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Philippe Cullet ◽

Sujith Koonan ◽

Lovleen Bhullar

Keyword(s):

International Law ◽

Policy Framework ◽

Legal Recognition ◽

Law And Policy ◽

Constitutional Right ◽

The Right ◽

Domestic Law

The Introduction starts with an overview of the concept of the right to sanitation and its implementation in India. It examines the legal recognition of the right—expressly as a constitutional right by the higher judiciary and by implication in legislation, and then highlights some points of divergence between international law and domestic law in India. This is followed by a justification for a separate right to sanitation. It then considers the features of the existing law and policy framework that can contribute to the realization of the right to sanitation, and the implications of the dominance of the policy framework. In the next part, it advocates for a broad conceptualization of sanitation and the right to sanitation which is followed by two parts that elaborate the relevance and the scope of this work respectively.

Sanitation, Gender Inequality, and Implications for Rights

10.1093/oso/9780199489855.003.0014 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 380-401

Author(s):

Sujith Koonan ◽

Lovleen Bhullar

Keyword(s):

Gender Equality ◽

Policy Framework ◽

Gender Based Violence ◽

Open Defecation ◽

The Third ◽

The Core ◽

Law And Policy ◽

Gender Based ◽

The Right ◽

Public Toilets

This chapter unpacks specific gender dimensions of the law and policy framework for rural sanitation in India and its implementation in order to assess its contribution to the realization of the right to sanitation of women. The core question that informs the discussion is whether the framework represents a shift towards or away from gender equality. This chapter focuses on three aspects in particular. The first section examines the extent to which the framework accommodates the issues of privacy and dignity of women as well as certain women specific sanitation needs. The second section contextualizes the position of women in terms of participation and agency. The third section analyses the issue of safety, particularly gender-based violence in the context of open-defecation or access to public toilets.

Water Law and Policy in India

10.1093/oso/9780199472475.003.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

Water Rights ◽

Public Trust ◽

Water Law ◽

State Control ◽

Policy Reforms ◽

The Past ◽

Law And Policy ◽

Water State ◽

Basic Concepts ◽

This chapter provides a concise introduction and overview of water law and policy in India. It examines the overall regulatory framework governing water, from the constitutional provisions to the diverse sectoral laws, policies and administrative directions that make up water law. It also introduces some of the basic concepts, such as water rights, the right to water, state control, and public trust. It then analyses general developments over the past couple of decades in terms of policy reforms (water sector reforms) and water law reforms.

The Right to Water, Law and Municipal Practice: Case Studies from India

Water ◽

10.3390/w14010073 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 73

Author(s):

Arkaja Singh

Keyword(s):

Case Studies ◽

Urban Slums ◽

Poor People ◽

Water Law ◽

Municipal Administration ◽

Law And Policy ◽

The Everyday ◽

City Water ◽

The Right ◽

Everyday Reality

Recognition of the right to water in Indian courts has had little impact on the ground. This paper explores the seeming disjuncture between what happens in the court and the everyday reality of living with a less-than-perfect claim on city water services in India’s urban slums. The paper seeks to understand and contextualise a court ruling which looks like it declares a right to water for people in urban slums, but in effect gives them little beyond what they already had. The paper also looks at the ‘everyday reality’ of municipal administration and the provision of drinking water in slums through in-house connections and community taps. In both case studies, the author looks to understand how the practice relates to frameworks of law and policy that shape the rationality and scope of action of the actors concerned, both judges and municipal officials. She found that the issue of land was the main stumbling block in both places, but it was conceptualized a little differently in each situation. These case studies underscore the critical importance of making the local interface between poor people and the state more empowering in order for rights to become local and meaningful.

Promoting Inclusive Education in Mongolia

10.22617/wps200305-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Karin Schelzig ◽

Kirsty Newman

Keyword(s):

Inclusive Education ◽

Education System ◽

Best Practice ◽

Children With Disabilities ◽

School Administrators ◽

Quality Education ◽

Capital City ◽

Policy Framework ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

Children with disabilities suffer disproportionately from the learning crisis. Although they represent only about 1.5% to 5% of the child population, they comprise more than half of out-of-school children globally. Inspired by a commitment that every child has the right to quality education, a growing global drive for inclusive education promotes an education system where children with disabilities receive an appropriate and high-quality education that is delivered alongside their peers. The global commitment to inclusive education is captured in the Sustainable Development Goal 4—ensuring inclusive and equitable education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities for all. This paper explores inclusive education for children with disabilities in Mongolia’s mainstream education system, based on a 2019 survey of more than 5,000 households; interviews with teachers, school administrators, education ministry officials, and social workers; and visits to schools and kindergartens in four provinces and one district of the capital city. Mongolia has developed a strong legal and policy framework for inclusive education aligned with international best practice, but implementation and capacity are lagging. This is illustrated using four indicators of inclusive education: inclusive culture, inclusive policies, inclusive practices, and inclusive physical environments. The conclusion presents a matrix of recommendations for government and education sector development partners.

To Reclaim a Divided West: Water, Law, and Policy, 1848-1902.

The American Historical Review ◽

10.2307/2166322 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 99 (1) ◽

pp. 304

Author(s):

Abraham Hoffman ◽

Donald J. Pisani

Keyword(s):

Water Law ◽

Law And Policy

Intelligent Policy Framework for Georouting Using Spatial Database

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i3.6.14923 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (3.6) ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

Swasti Saxena ◽

B Amutha ◽

Abhinaba Das

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Carbon Footprint ◽

Shortest Path ◽

Policy Framework ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Tourist Attraction ◽

Android Application ◽

Shortest Route ◽

The Right ◽

Day By Day

In today’s world of time effectiveness and climate change it is a necessity to take the right decision at the right time and act responsibly! Our carbon footprint is increasing day by day and our injudicious use of non-renewable sources of energy are posing a threat to get these energy sources exhausted soon! It is our responsibility to take an initiative towards it from our end.In this paper I am going to discuss about an Android Application which I have developed that will solve the problem of finding the shortest route from source to destination. This will lead to less wastage of car fuel and time to find the shortest path!This application has a two fold benefit i.e. one of finding the shortest path from source and destination and second is acting as a world tour guide. It will not only show you the places of tourist attraction in that place but will also facilitate in providing suggestions for the cheapest means of transport that should be taken in order reach destination in minimum possible time and by spending minimum amount of money on travel!

Italy’s elections threaten the cohesion of the right

Emerald Expert Briefings ◽

10.1108/oxan-db265054 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Policy Framework ◽

National Unity ◽

Content Type ◽

Election Result ◽

Dominant Party ◽

Strong Position ◽

Business Confidence ◽

Election Results ◽

The Stability ◽

Significance The results have destabilised relations within the alliance involving the League, Brothers of Italy (FdI) and Forza Italia (FI), and increased speculation that FI may ally with moderate parties instead. The election results reflect the popularity of Prime Minister Mario Draghi’s government of national unity. Impacts The stability of Draghi’s government may boost Italy’s chances of influencing reforms to the EU’s fiscal policy framework. The election result reflects the wider recovery in business confidence already evidenced in Italy. Based on polling trends, Giorgia Meloni’s FdI is in a strong position to be the leading populist party after the next election. Meloni’s rise could increase tensions between FdI and the League, as the latter is accustomed to being the dominant party in the polls.