Reducing topramezone injury to bermudagrass using chelated iron and other additives

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Adam P. Boyd ◽  
J. Scott McElroy ◽  
James D. McCurdy ◽  
Patrick E. McCullough ◽  
David Y. Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Chelated Iron ◽  
Oil Mixtures ◽  
Masking Agents ◽  
High Level

Abstract POST goosegrass and other grassy weed control in bermudagrass is problematic. Fewer herbicides that can control goosegrass are available due to regulatory pressure and herbicide resistance. Alternative herbicide options that offer effective control are needed. Previous research demonstrates that topramezone controls goosegrass, crabgrass, and other weed species; however, injury to bermudagrass may be unacceptable. The objective of this research was to evaluate the safening potential of topramezone combinations with different additives on bermudagrass. Field trials were conducted at Auburn University during summer and fall from 2015 to 2018 and 2017 to 2018, respectively. Treatments included topramezone mixtures and methylated seed oil applied in combination with five different additives: triclopyr, green turf pigment, green turf paint, ammonium sulfate, and chelated iron. Bermudagrass bleaching and necrosis symptoms were visually rated. Normalized-difference vegetative index measurements and clipping yield data were also collected. Topramezone plus chelated iron, as well as topramezone plus triclopyr, reduced bleaching potential the best; however, the combination of topramezone plus triclopyr resulted in necrosis that outweighed reductions in bleaching. Masking agents such as green turf paint and green turf pigment were ineffective in reducing injury when applied with topramezone. The combination of topramezone plus ammonium sulfate should be avoided because of the high level of necrosis. Topramezone-associated bleaching symptoms were transient and lasted 7 to 14 d on average. Findings from this research suggest that chelated iron added to topramezone and methylated seed oil mixtures acted as a safener on bermudagrass.

scholarly journals The use of herbicides for weed control in direct wet-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) in rice production regions in the Republic of Macedonia

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Pacanoski ◽  
G. Glatkova
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
The Republic

Field trials were conducted in the Agricultural Research Institute for Rice, at two localities during 2005 and 2006. The objective of the study was to establish an appropriate weed management strategy for the effective control of weed flora in direct wet-seeded rice. Herbicide selectivity and influence on grain yield were also evaluated. The weed population in the trials was composed of 8 and 5 weed species in Kočani and Probi&scaron;tip locality, respectively. The most prevailing weeds in both localities were:Cyperus rotundus, Echinochloa crus-galli and Heteranthea limosa. The average weediness for both years was 456.8 weed stems per m<sup>2</sup> in Kočani locality and 589.0 weed stems per m<sup>2</sup> in Probi&scaron;tip locality. In both localities all herbicides controlled Cyperus rotundus, Echinochloa crus-galli and Heteranthera limosa excellently except Mefenacet 53 WP. All applied herbicides showed high selectivity to rice, no visual injuries were determined at any rates in any year and locality. Herbicidal treatments in both localities significantly increased rice grain yield in comparison with untreated control.

Herbicidal Activity of the Metabolite SPRI-70014 from Streptomyces griseolus

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenping Xu ◽  
Liming Tao ◽  
Xuebin Gu ◽  
Xiaoxia Shen ◽  
Sheng Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Compound ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Model System ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Cucumber Plant ◽  
Germination Inhibition ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Natural Herbicides

Microbial metabolites have been identified as a promising class of natural herbicides due to their effective control against weeds and a relatively low environmental impact. Here we report on the potency and crop safety of a natural compound with herbicidal properties, the metabolite SPRI-70014 from Streptomyces griseolus CGMCC 1370. The compound showed excellent herbicidal activities on various broadleaf and gramineous weeds in both greenhouse and field trials. In germination inhibition experiments, SPRI-70014 inhibited the emergence of both root and shoot at 1 mg L−1. At a dose of 31.3 g ai ha−1, SPRI-70014 provided effective control over most broadleaf weeds in greenhouse trials. Observations on absorption and translocation using a cucumber plant model system indicated that SPRI-70014 could be absorbed by the root but only partly by the stem. Field trials showed that SPRI-70014 provided effective control over most weed species tested at a dose of 1,000 g ai ha−1. Crop safety experiments showed that the compound had no harmful effect on peanut or wheat plants at doses up to 2,000 g ai ha−1. These results indicated that this compound could be developed as a potential POST herbicide for control of broadleaf weeds in peanut and wheat fields.

The Potential Use of Vinegar and a Clove Oil Herbicide for Weed Control in Sweet Corn, Potato, and Onion

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Evans ◽  
R. R. Bellinder
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Potential Use

Natural products might provide an organic means of weed control. Our objective was to evaluate the potential use of vinegar and a clove-oil product with regard to how volume, concentration, and application timing affect weed control and crop response. Treatments included broadcast applications of 200- and 300-grain vinegar at 318 liters per hectare (L/ha), 150- and 200-grain vinegar at 636 L/ha, a 3.4% v/v clove oil mixture in water (318 L/ha), and a 1.7% clove oil mixture in 200-grain vinegar (318 L/ha). Field trials were conducted in sweet corn, onion, and potato. Weed control, weed biomass, crop injury, and yield data were collected. Corn treated at 15 and at 30 to 45 cm was initially burned and stunted by these products. By 4 wk after application much of the initial injury was outgrown. Late applications significantly reduced yields of early-maturing sweet corn ‘Trinity’. With the exception of the 200-grain vinegar (318 L/ha) treatment, early applications to sweet corn ‘Avalon’ did not reduce marketable yield. Two hundred-grain vinegar (636 L/ha) applied to pre-emergence–flag stage onion reduced the duration of the first handweeding by 59 to 67%. All treatments reduced onion yields when treated at the 2-leaf stage. Potato treated early (2 to 10 cm) and late (30 cm) were injured by all vinegar treatments 59 to 83%, 1 d after treatment (DAT). Potato yield losses were insignificant with applications of 3.4% clove oil and with some low-volume (318 L/ha) vinegar treatments. Product efficacy was dependent on the weed species and their size at the time of application. Weed control was greatest (83%, 1 DAT) with 200-grain vinegar (636 L/ha). Broadcast applications of vinegar and clove oil have potential for use on young, actively growing sweet corn, onion, and potato.

scholarly journals Effects of Yellow and Purple Nutsedge Time of Establishment on Their Distance of Influence on Bell Pepper

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bielinski M. Santos ◽  
James P. Gilreath ◽  
Camille E. Esmel ◽  
Myriam N. Siham
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Bell Peppers ◽  
Pepper Plants

Field trials were conducted to determine the effect of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) and purple nutsedge (C. rotundus) time of establishment on their distance of influence on bell pepper (Capsicum annuum). A single seedling of each weed species was transplanted 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks after transplanting (WAT) bell pepper. Each weed was separately established in the center of plots within double rows of bell peppers. Crop height and yield were determined from bell pepper plants located at 6, 13.4, 24.7, and 36.5 inches away from each weed. Bell pepper height was unaffected by weed species, time of establishment, or the interaction between these factors. Marketable yield data indicate that yellow nutsedge was more aggressive than purple nutsedge interfering with bell pepper. When yellow nutsedge was established at 1 WAT, bell pepper yield reduction was between 57% and 32% for plants at 6 and 13.4 inches away from the weed respectively, which represents a density of ≈0.14 plant/ft2. One purple nutsedge plant growing since 1 WAT at 6 inches along the row from two bell pepper plants (0.43 plant/ft2) produced a yield reduction of 31%. These results indicate that low nutsedge densities, which are commonly believed to be unimportant, can cause significant bell pepper yield reductions.

scholarly journals Controlling mine pressure by subjecting high-level hard rock strata to ground fracturing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Gao ◽  
Tiejun Kuang ◽  
Yanqun Zhang ◽  
Wenyang Zhang ◽  
Chunyang Quan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Release ◽  
Physical Simulation ◽  
Hard Rock ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Mine Pressure ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Propagation Length ◽  
Ground Pressure ◽  
High Level

AbstractWhen mining extra-thick coal seams, the main cause of strong ground pressure are the high-level thick and hard strata, but as yet there is no active and effective control technology. This paper proposes the method of subjecting hard roofs to ground fracturing, and physical simulation is used to study the control effect of ground fracturing on the strata structure and energy release. The results show that ground fracturing changes the structural characteristics of the strata and reduces the energy release intensity and the spatial extent of overburden movement, thereby exerting significant control on the ground pressure. The Datong mining area in China is selected as the engineering background. An engineering test was conducted on site by ground horizontal well fracturing, and a 20-m-thick hard rock layer located 110 m vertically above the coal seam was targeted as the fracturing layer. On-site microseismic monitoring shows that the crack propagation length is up to 216 m and the height is up to 50 m. On-site mine pressure monitoring shows that (1) the roadway deformation is reduced to 100 mm, (2) the periodic weighting characteristics of the hydraulic supports are not obvious, and (3) the ground pressure in the working face is controlled significantly, thereby showing that the ground fracturing is successful. Ground fracturing changed the breaking characteristics of the high-level hard strata, thereby helping to ameliorate the stress concentration in the stope and providing an effective control approach for hard rock.

scholarly journals The use of light spectrum blocking films to reduce populations of Drosophila suzukii Matsumura in fruit crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle T. Fountain ◽  
Amir Badiee ◽  
Sebastian Hemer ◽  
Alvaro Delgado ◽  
Michael Mangan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Insect Vision ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, is a serious invasive pest impacting the production of multiple fruit crops, including soft and stone fruits such as strawberries, raspberries and cherries. Effective control is challenging and reliant on integrated pest management which includes the use of an ever decreasing number of approved insecticides. New means to reduce the impact of this pest that can be integrated into control strategies are urgently required. In many production regions, including the UK, soft fruit are typically grown inside tunnels clad with polyethylene based materials. These can be modified to filter specific wavebands of light. We investigated whether targeted spectral modifications to cladding materials that disrupt insect vision could reduce the incidence of D. suzukii. We present a novel approach that starts from a neuroscientific investigation of insect sensory systems and ends with infield testing of new cladding materials inspired by the biological data. We show D. suzukii are predominantly sensitive to wavelengths below 405 nm (ultraviolet) and above 565 nm (orange & red) and that targeted blocking of lower wavebands (up to 430 nm) using light restricting materials reduces pest populations up to 73% in field trials.

The Effect of Piperonyl Butoxide and Adjuvants on Sulfonylurea Herbicide Activity

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chae Soon Kwon ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
Mixed Function Oxidase ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicide ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Herbicide Activity ◽  
Grass Weed

Greenhouse studies showed that the mixed function oxidase inhibitor, piperonyl butoxide (PBO), tank-mixed with the sulfonylurea herbicides, nicosulfuron, primisulfuron, and thifensulfuron, in the absence of effective adjuvants enhanced herbicide activity on both broadleaf and grass weed species. Effective adjuvants for nicosulfuron were K-3000 for common lambsquarters, Sylgard® 309 Surfactant for velvetleaf, K-2000 for barnyardgrass, and K-2000, K-3000, and Scoil® methylated seed oil for giant foxtail control. K-3000 and Sylgard 309 enhanced velvetleaf control with primisulfuron and thifensulfuron. The 28% urea and ammonium nitrate (UAN) was more effective as an adjuvant with thifensulfuron for velvetleaf than for common lambsquarters control. The enhancement of sulfonylurea herbicide activity with PBO was most apparent when other adjuvants were least effective.

scholarly journals In-field screening for host plant resistance to Delia radicum and Brevicoryne brassicae within selected rapeseed cultivars and new interspecific hybrids

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 711-720
Author(s):  
Janetta Niemann ◽  
Justyna Szwarc ◽  
Jan Bocianowski ◽  
Dorota Weigt ◽  
Marek Mrówczyński
Keyword(s):  
Life Sciences ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Brevicoryne Brassicae ◽  
Delia Radicum ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Cabbage Aphid ◽  
Hybrid Combination ◽  
Resistance To Insects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Level

AbstractRapeseed (Brassica napus) can be attacked by a wide range of pests, for example, cabbage root fly (Delia radicum) and cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae). One of the best methods of pest management is breeding for insect resistance in rapeseed. Wild genotypes of Brassicaceae and rapeseed cultivars can be used as a source of resistance. In 2017, 2018, and 2019, field trials were performed to assess the level of resistance to D. radicum and B. brassicae within 53 registered rapeseed cultivars and 31 interspecific hybrid combinations originating from the resources of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding of Poznań University of Life Sciences (PULS). The level of resistance varied among genotypes and years. Only one hybrid combination and two B. napus cultivars maintained high level of resistance in all tested years, i.e., B. napus cv. Jet Neuf × B. carinata – PI 649096, Galileus, and Markolo. The results of this research indicate that resistance to insects is present in Brassicaceae family and can be transferred to rapeseed cultivars. The importance of continuous improvement of rapeseed pest resistance and the search for new sources of resistance is discussed; furthermore, plans for future investigations are presented.

SIMULATION OF INTEGRATED CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR OROBANCHE SPP. BASED ON A LIFE CYCLE MODEL

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. KEBREAB ◽  
A. J. MURDOCH
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Computer Simulation Model ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
High Level

A computer simulation model was developed to investigate strategies for control of the parasitic weed species of Orobanche. The model makes use of data from published literature and predicts infestation levels in a dynamic and deterministic way. It is predicted that sustainable control of the parasite can only be achieved by reducing the soil seed bank to levels of 1000–2000 seeds m−2 and maintaining it at that level in subsequent years. When cultural control methods such as hand weeding, trap/catch cropping, delayed planting, resistant cultivars and solarization were considered individually, a relatively high level of effectiveness was required to contain the soil seed bank. An integrated approach with a selection of appropriate cultural methods is therefore recommended for further testing and validation in the field. The simulations demonstrate the importance of preventing new seeds entering the soil seed bank and that although reducing the soil seed bank may not increase yield for the first few years, it will ultimately increase production.

scholarly journals Characterization of Antagonistic Bacillus methylotrophicus Isolated From Rhizosphere and Its Biocontrol Effects on Maize Stalk Rot

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingkai Cheng ◽  
Xiaoxue Ji ◽  
Yanzhen Ge ◽  
Jingjing Li ◽  
Wenzhe Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Bacillus Methylotrophicus ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Potential Biocontrol Agent

Stalk rot is one of the most serious and widespread diseases in maize, and effective control measures are currently lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a new biological agent to manage this disease. An antagonistic bacterial strain, TA-1, was isolated from rhizosphere soil and identified as Bacillus methylotrophicus based on morphological and biochemical characterization and 16S ribosomal RNA and gyrB gene sequence analyses. TA-1 exhibited a strong antifungal effect on the growth of Fusarium graminearum mycelium, with 86.3% inhibition at a concentration of 108 CFU per ml. Transmission electron microscopy showed that TA-1 could disrupt the cellular structure of the fungus, induce necrosis, and degrade the cell wall. Greenhouse and field trials were performed to evaluate the biocontrol efficacy of TA-1 on maize stalk rot, and the results of greenhouse experiment revealed that the bacterium significantly reduced disease incidence and disease index. Seeds treated with a 108 CFU ml−1 cell suspension had the highest disease suppression at 86.8%. Results of field trials show that seed bacterization with TA-1 could not only reduce maize stalk rot incidence but also increase maize height, stem diameter, and grain yield. The lipopeptide antibiotics were isolated from the culture supernatants of TA-1 and identified as surfactins and iturins. Consequently, B. methylotrophicus TA-1 is a potential biocontrol agent against maize stalk rot.

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