Wood vinegar for control of broadleaf weeds in dormant turfgrass

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Zhikui Hao ◽  
Muthukumar Bagavathiannan ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Mingnan Qu ◽  
Zhiyong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Mass Reduction ◽  
Wood Vinegar ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Shoot Mass ◽  
Adequate Rate

Abstract Wood vinegar, a product of pyrolysis, can induce phytotoxicity on plants when applied at an adequate rate and concentration. The objective of this research was to investigate wood vinegar obtained from the pyrolysis of apple tree branches for weed control in dormant zoysiagrass. In environment-controlled growth chambers, white clover visual injury and shoot mass reduction compared to the nontreated control were evaluated after wood vinegar application at 1000, 2000, or 4000 L ha-1 under 10 or 30 C temperature conditions. Averaged across rates, wood vinegar rapidly desiccated white clover and caused 83 and 71% visual injury at 10 and 30 C, respectively, at 1 d after treatment (DAT). Averaged across temperatures, wood vinegar at 1000, 2000, and 4000 L ha-1 reduced white clover shoot mass by 56, 81, and 98% from the nontreated control at 10 DAT, respectively. In field experiments, weed control increased as wood vinegar rates increased from 1000 to 5000 L ha-1 in dormant zoysiagrass. The effective application dose of wood vinegar required to provide 90% control (ED90) of annual fleabane, Persian speedwell, and white clover was determined to be 2450, 2300, and 4020 L ha-1, respectively, at 2 weeks after treatment. Turf quality did not differ among the wood vinegar treatments and the nontreated control when zoysiagrass completely recovered from dormancy. Overall, results illustrate that wood vinegar resulting from the pyrolysis of apple tree branches can be used as a nonselective herbicide in dormant turfgrass, offering a new non-synthetic herbicide option for weed control in managed turf.

Aminocyclopyrachlor Enhances Fenoxaprop Efficacy for Smooth Crabgrass Control

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick E. McCullough ◽  
Stephen E. Hart ◽  
James T. Brosnan ◽  
Gregory K. Breeden
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Treatment Results

Fenoxaprop effectively controls crabgrass in tall fescue turf, but antagonism with growth-regulating herbicides reduces potential to apply fenoxaprop in combination with many herbicides registered for broadleaf weed control. Aminocyclopyrachlor is a new broadleaf weed control herbicide that has not been evaluated in combination with fenoxaprop. Field experiments were conducted in Georgia, New Jersey, and Tennessee to investigate tank mixtures of fenoxaprop with aminocyclopyrachlor for smooth crabgrass and white clover control. Fenoxaprop alone exhibited substantial activity on smooth crabgrass but control was greater with fenoxaprop + aminocyclopyrachlor treatments. By 4 and 6 wk after treatment (WAT), approximately 22 and 44% less fenoxaprop was required to achieve 80% smooth crabgrass control when the herbicide was tank-mixed with aminocyclopyrachlor at 52.5 and 79 g ai ha−1, respectively. Fenoxaprop did not reduce white clover control with aminocyclopyrachlor because 97% control was achieved by 4 WAT for all aminocyclopyrachlor + fenoxaprop treatments. Tall fescue was not injured by any treatment. Results suggest aminocyclopyrachlor enhances fenoxaprop efficacy for smooth crabgrass control in tall fescue.

Impact of Herbicides and Application Timing on Weed Control, Yield, and Nutritive Value of Tall Fescue Pastures and Hayfields

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin K. Payne ◽  
Byron B. Sleugh ◽  
Kevin W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
Biomass Yields

Field experiments were conducted from 2007 through 2009 at four locations in Missouri to evaluate the effect of May and August herbicide applications on weed control, total biomass yield, and forage nutritive values. Experiments were conducted in established tall fescue pastures that contained natural infestations of common ragweed and tall ironweed. Treatments consisted of 2,4-D, metsulfuron, aminopyralid, 2,4-D + dicamba, 2,4-D + picloram, aminopyralid + 2,4-D, and 2,4-D + dicamba + metsulfuron. All herbicide treatments provided > 76% control of common ragweed 1 mo after treatment (MAT), except metsulfuron alone which provided ≤ 62% control. August applications provided greater reductions in common ragweed density than May applications the following spring. Few differences in tall ironweed density were observed, but metsulfuron-containing herbicides tended to provide the lowest reduction in tall ironweed stem density the following spring. Biomass yields were generally greater in nontreated compared to herbicide-treated plots. Crude protein (CP) concentration and relative feed value (RFV) were higher in nontreated compared with herbicide-treated biomass. Overall, the poorer nutritive values and lower biomass yields in the herbicide-treated compared with the nontreated biomass may be partially explained by the removal of common ragweed, tall ironweed, and legumes with the herbicide treatments. Pure samples of common ragweed and white clover were greater in nutritive values than pure samples of tall fescue at all June harvests. Results indicate that common ragweed offers nutritive values equivalent to or greater than tall fescue and white clover when harvested in June at the vegetative stage of growth and that the removal of common ragweed and tall ironweed with herbicide applications is not likely to improve forage nutritive values of the total harvested biomass of tall fescue pastures, at least by the season after treatment.

Non-Phenoxy Herbicides for Perennial Broadleaf Weed Control in Cool-Season Turf

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Neal
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Phenoxy Herbicides

Field experiments were conducted to compare non-phenoxy herbicides with 2,4-D for broadleaf plantain, dandelion, and white clover control in cool-season turf. Herbicides tested were BAS 514, chlorflurenol, clopyralid, dicamba, triclopyr, and 2,4-D, alone and in combinations. Broadleaf plantain was controlled by 2,4-D and by clopyralid plus triclopyr at 0.21 plus 0.63 kg ae ha-1. Dandelion was controlled by 2,4-D, BAS 514 at 0.84 kg ha-1, and by the combination of clopyralid plus triclopyr at 0.16 plus 0.47 kg ha-1. Chlorflurenol, clopyralid, dicamba, or triclopyr did not control dandelion. White clover was controlled by all herbicides except 2,4-D. The combination of clopyralid plus triclopyr was the only non-phenoxy treatment which controlled broadleaf plantain, dandelion, and white clover.

Bio-efficacy of post emergence herbicides in boro rice nursery as well as main field and their residual effects on non-target microorganisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-210
Author(s):  
Rajib Kundu ◽  
Mousumi Mondal ◽  
Sourav Garai ◽  
Ramyajit Mondal ◽  
Ratneswar Poddar
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Main Field ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Similar Treatment

Field experiments were conducted at research farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, West Bengal, India (22°97' N latitude and 88°44' E longitude, 9.75 m above mean sea level) under natural weed infestations in boro season rice (nursery bed as well as main field) during 2017-18 and 2018-19 to evaluate the herbicidal effects on weed floras, yield, non-target soil organisms to optimize the herbicide use for sustainable rice-production. Seven weed control treatments including three doses of bispyribac-sodium 10% SC (150,200, and 250 ml ha-1), two doses of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 9.3% EC (500 and 625 ml ha-1), one weed free and weedy check were laid out in a randomized complete block design, replicated thrice. Among the tested herbicides, bispyribac-sodium with its highest dose (250 ml ha-1) resulted in maximum weed control efficiency, treatment efficiency index and crop resistance index irrespective of weed species and dates of observation in both nursery as well as main field. Similar treatment also revealed maximum grain yield (5.20 t ha-1), which was 38.38% higher than control, closely followed by Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (625 ml ha-1) had high efficacy against grasses, sedge and broadleaf weed flora. Maximum net return (Rs. 48765 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (1.72) were obtained from the treatment which received bispyribac-sodium @ 250 ml ha-1. Based on overall performance, the bispyribac-sodium (250 ml ha-1) may be considered as the best herbicide treatment for weed management in transplanted rice as well as nursery bed.

Establishing white clover (Trifolium repens) as a living mulch: weed control and herbicide tolerance

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Nicholas T. Basinger ◽  
Nicholas S. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Living Mulch ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Weed Emergence

Abstract With the increasing focus on herbicide-resistant weeds and the lack of introduction of new modes of action, many producers have turned to annual cover crops as a tool for reducing weed populations. Recent studies have suggested that perennial cover crops such as white clover could be used as living mulch. However, white clover is slow to establish and is susceptible to competition from winter weeds. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine clover tolerance and weed control in established stands of white clover to several herbicides. Studies were conducted in the fall and winter of 2018 to 2019 and 2019 to 2020 at the J. Phil Campbell Research and Education Center in Watkinsville, GA, and the Southeast Georgia Research and Education Center in Midville, GA. POST applications of imazethapyr, bentazon, or flumetsulam at low and high rates, or in combination with 2,4-D and 2,4-DB, were applied when clover reached 2 to 3 trifoliate stage. Six weeks after the initial POST application, a sequential application of bentazon and flumetsulam individually, and combinations of 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, and flumetsulam were applied over designated plots. Clover biomass was similar across all treatments except where it was reduced by sequential applications of 2,4-D + 2,4-DB + flumetsulam in the 2019 to 2020 season indicating that most treatments were safe for use on establishing living mulch clover. A single application of flumetsulam at the low rate or a single application of 2,4-D + 2,4-DB provided the greatest control of all weed species while minimizing clover injury when compared to the non-treated check. These herbicide options allow for control of problematic winter weeds during clover establishment, maximizing clover biomass and limiting canopy gaps that would allow for summer weed emergence.

Simulated controlled-release mesotrione for turfgrass tolerance and weed control

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Matthew J. R. Goddard ◽  
Clebson G. Gonçalves ◽  
Shawn D. Askew
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Stepwise Change

Abstract Mesotrione typically requires multiple applications to control emerged weeds in turfgrass. Since it is absorbed by both foliage and roots, a controlled-release (CR) formulation could eliminate the need for multiple applications. Research was conducted evaluate simulated-release scenarios that mimic a potential CR mesotrione formulation. A soluble concentrate formulation of mesotrione was titrated to produce a stepwise change in mesotrione rates, which were applied daily to mimic predetermined release scenarios over a three-wk period. CR scenarios were compared to a broadcast treatment of mesotrione at 280 g ai ha-1 applied twice at three-wk intervals, and a nontreated. Mesotrione applied in three temporal release scenarios controlled creeping bentgrass, goosegrass, nimblewill, smooth crabgrass, and white clover equivalent to the standard sprayed mesotrione treatment in every comparison. However, each CR scenario injured tall fescue 2 to 7 times more than the standard treatment. Soil- and foliar-initiated repeat treatments were equivalent in most comparisons. Data indicates that mesotrione applied in a temporal range to simulate controlled release scenarios can deliver desired weed control efficacy comparable to sequential broadcast applications. More research is needed to elucidate proper timings and release scenarios to minimize turfgrass injury.

KIH-485 and S-metolachlor Efficacy Comparisons in Conventional and No-Tillage Corn

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 622-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick W. Geier ◽  
Phillip W. Stahlman ◽  
John C. Frihauf
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Green Foxtail

Field experiments were conducted during 2003 and 2004 to compare the effectiveness of KIH-485 and S-metolachlor for PRE weed control in no-tillage and conventional-tillage corn. Longspine sandbur control increased as KIH-485 or S-metolachlor rates increased in conventional-tillage corn, but control did not exceed 75% when averaged over experiments. Both herbicides controlled at least 87% of green foxtail with the exception of no-tillage corn in 2004, when KIH-485 was more effective than S-metolachlor at lower rates. Palmer amaranth control ranged from 85 to 100% in 2003 and 80 to 100% in 2004, with the exception of only 57 to 76% control at the lowest two S-metolachlor rates in 2004. Puncturevine control exceeded 94% with all treatments in 2003. In 2004, KIH-485 controlled 86 to 96% of the puncturevine, whereas S-metolachlor controlled only 70 to 81%. Mixtures of atrazine with KIH-485 or S-metolachlor generally provided the most effective control of broadleaf weeds studied.

Effect of herbicides on the weed infestation and grain yield of soybean (Glycine max)

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Singh ◽  
R. S. Jolly
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil ◽  
Weed Infestation

Two field experiments were conducted during the kharif (rainy) season of 1999 and 2000 on a loamy sand soil to study the effect of various pre- and post-emergence herbicides on the weed infestation and grain yield of soybean. The presence of weeds in the weedy control plots resulted in 58.8 and 58.1% reduction in the grain yield in the two years compared to two hand weedings (HW) at 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS), which gave grain yields of 1326 and 2029 kg ha-1. None of the herbicides was significantly superior to the two hand weedings treatment in influencing the grain yield. However, the pre-emergence application of 0.75 kg ha-1 S-metolachlor, and 0.5 kg ha-1 pendimethalin (pre-emergence) + HW 30 DAS were at par or numerically superior to this treatment. There was a good negative correlation between the weed dry matter at harvest and the grain yield of soybean, which showed that effective weed control is necessary for obtaining higher yields of soybean.

scholarly journals FLUAZIFOP-P-BUTYL EFFICACY AS A FUNCTION OF APPLICATION TIME AND HERBICIDE DOSE

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.F. CIESLIK ◽  
R.A. VIDAL ◽  
A.B. MACHADO ◽  
M.M. TREZZI
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
The Common ◽  
Bean Crop

ABSTRACT Grass weeds are common in summer crops and strongly decreases the grain yield of the common bean crop. The time of herbicide application influences the variability of environmental conditions and affects the product performance. The objectives of this work were to identify the time of fluazifop-p-butyl (fluazifop) application which gives best grass weed control in the common bean crop and to elucidate the environmental variables most important for the efficacy of this herbicide. Field experiments were conducted involving five application times (2 a.m., 6 a.m., 11 a.m., 4 p.m. and 9 p.m.) and five doses of fluazifop (80, 110, 140, 170 and 200 g ha-1), with additional no-herbicide control. At the time of the herbicide application it was determined the air temperature, relative humidity, the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and the leaf angle, whereas the weed control and the dry mass of the weed Urochloa plantaginea was assessed at 20 days after treatment (DAT). Efficacy on grass control with fluazifop was dependent on the herbicide dose and on the time of day that the product was applied. Spray at early morning hours (6 a.m.) showed better efficacy on weed control in relation to periods during warmer conditions of the day (11 a.m. and 4 p.m.). Nocturnal fluazifop application had better weed control when compared to herbicide sprayed in the afternoon. The air temperature, relative humidity and PAR were correlated to weed leaf angle, which correlated the most with fluazifop performance.

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