Toxic Effects and Molecular Mechanism of Different Types of Silver Nanoparticles to the Aquatic CrustaceanDaphnia magna

Silver nanoparticles pose a potential risk to ecosystems and living organisms due to their widespread use in various fields and subsequent gradual release into the environment. Only a few studies have investigated the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) toxicity on immunological functions. Furthermore, these toxic effects have not been fully explored. Recent studies have indicated that zebrafish are considered a good alternative model for testing toxicity and for evaluating immunological toxicity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the toxicity effects of AgNPs on innate immunity using a zebrafish model and to investigate whether the natural compound pterostilbene (PTE) could provide protection against AgNPs-induced immunotoxicity. Wild type and neutrophil- and macrophage-transgenic zebrafish lines were used in the experiments. The results indicated that the exposure to AgNPs induced toxic effects including death, malformation and the innate immune toxicity of zebrafish. In addition, AgNPs affect the number and function of neutrophils and macrophages. The expression of immune-related cytokines and chemokines was also affected. Notably, the addition of PTE could activate immune cells and promote their accumulation in injured areas in zebrafish, thereby reducing the damage caused by AgNPs. In conclusion, AgNPs may induce innate immune toxicity and PTE could ameliorate this toxicity.

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Toxic effects of repeated oral exposure of silver nanoparticles on small intestine mucosa of mice

Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods ◽

10.3109/15376516.2013.764950 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 161-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Brigesh Shahare ◽

Madhu Yashpal

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Small Intestine ◽

Toxic Effects ◽

Oral Exposure ◽

Intestine Mucosa

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Comparative study on molecular mechanism of diabetic myopathy in two different types of streptozotocin-induced diabetic models

Life Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120183 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 120183

Author(s):

Tolulope Peter Saliu ◽

Thanutchaporn Kumrungsee ◽

Kenshu Miyata ◽

Hikaru Tominaga ◽

Nao Yazawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Molecular Mechanism ◽

Different Types

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Protective Role of Flavonoids against Intestinal Pro-Inflammatory Effects of Silver Nanoparticles

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26216610 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (21) ◽

pp. 6610

Author(s):

Ana T. Rufino ◽

Ana Ramalho ◽

Adelaide Sousa ◽

José Miguel P. Ferreira de Oliveira ◽

Paulo Freitas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Protective Action ◽

Cell Types ◽

Protective Role ◽

Toxic Effects ◽

Oral Exposure ◽

Dietary Flavonoids ◽

Harmful Effects ◽

Human Intestinal Cells

Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) have been increasingly incorporated into food-related and hygiene products for their unique antimicrobial and preservative properties. The consequent oral exposure may then result in unpredicted harmful effects in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), which should be considered in the risk assessment and risk management of these materials. In the present study, the toxic effects of polyethyleneimine (PEI)-coated AgNP (4 and 19 nm) were evaluated in GIT-relevant cells (Caco-2 cell line as a model of human intestinal cells, and neutrophils as a model of the intestinal inflammatory response). This study also evaluated the putative protective action of dietary flavonoids against such harmful effects. The obtained results showed that AgNP of 4 and 19 nm effectively induced Caco-2 cell death by apoptosis with concomitant production of nitric oxide, irrespective of the size. It was also observed that AgNP induced human neutrophil oxidative burst. Interestingly, some flavonoids, namely quercetin and quercetagetin, prevented the deleterious effects of AgNP in both cell types. Overall, the data of the present study provide a first insight into the promising protective role of flavonoids against the potentially toxic effects of AgNP at the intestinal level.

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Silver nanoparticles: Their potential toxic effects after oral exposure and underlying mechanisms – A review

Food and Chemical Toxicology ◽

10.1016/j.fct.2014.12.019 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 77 ◽

pp. 58-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 129

Author(s):

Sylvie Gaillet ◽

Jean-Max Rouanet

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Toxic Effects ◽

Oral Exposure ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

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Evaluation of the toxic effect of silver nanoparticles and the possible protective effect of ascorbic acid on the parotid glands of albino rats: An in vivo study

Toxicology and Industrial Health ◽

10.1177/0748233720933071 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 446-453

Author(s):

Salma Awad Taghyan ◽

Hend El Messiry ◽

Medhat Ahmed El Zainy

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Toxic Effect ◽

Toxic Effects ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Parotid Glands ◽

Ductal Cells

This study aimed to evaluate the toxic effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the parotid glands (PGs) of albino rats histologically and ultrastructurally and assess the possible protective effect of ascorbic acid as an antioxidant. Thirty male albino rats weighing between 150 mg and 200 mg were divided into three groups: the control group (C1) contained 10 rats that received 2 mg/kg (body weight (bw)) of aqueous nitrate buffer by intraperitoneal (IP) injection daily for 28 days; the AgNPs group contained 10 rats that received 2 mg/kg (bw) IP AgNPs daily for 28 days; and the AgNPs-vitamin C group contained 10 albino rats that received 2 mg/kg (bw) AgNPs IP daily for 28 days with oral administration of 100 mg/kg (bw) vitamin C in drinking water daily for 28 days. The PG acinar and ductal cells of the AgNPs group showed signs of toxicity and degeneration characterized as pleomorphic nuclei, binucleation, cytoplasmic vacuolations, and stagnated secretion in the ductal lumen. In addition to degenerated mitochondria, dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes were filled with AgNPs ( p < 0.001). The AgNPs-vitamin C group showed significantly less degenerative changes histologically and ultrastructurally compared to the AgNPs group ( p = 0.002). AgNPs produced significant toxic effects on the PG of albino rats, presumably through the generation of reactive oxygen species and toxic ion release, and administration of vitamin C was shown effective in decreasing these toxic effects.

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