Molecular Mechanisms Underlying γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Accumulation in Giant Embryo Rice Seeds

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (24) ◽  
pp. 4883-4889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-chao Zhao ◽  
Mi-xue Xie ◽  
Ying-cun Wang ◽  
Jian-yue Li
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gaba Accumulation ◽  
Rice Seeds ◽  
Giant Embryo

scholarly journals Optimization of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Accumulation in Germinating Adzuki Beans (Vigna angularis) by Vacuum Treatment and Monosodium Glutamate, and the Molecular Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiujie Jiang ◽  
Qingpeng Xu ◽  
Aiwu Zhang ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Liqin Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Vacuum Treatment ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Functional Quality ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Germination Temperature ◽  
Gaba Accumulation

This study aimed to investigate the optimal hypoxic and monosodium glutamate (MSG) stress conditions for the enrichment of γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) in germinating adzuki beans and to reveal the potential underlying molecular mechanisms of GABA accumulation. Using single-factor experiments and response surface model, we investigated the effects of germination time, germination temperature, vacuum time, and MSG concentration on GABA contents, and further explored the activity and gene expression of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and polyamine oxidase (PAO) critical rate restriction enzymes during GABA synthesis. The optimal soaking temperature, soaking time, and pH conditions were 35°C, 16 h, and 5, respectively. Furthermore, the optimal germination conditions for optimal GABA enrichment were 48 h, 1.99 mg/ml MSG concentration, germination temperature of 31.49°C, and vacuum time of 15.83 h. Under such conditions, the predicted GABA concentration was 443.57 ± 7.18 mg/100 g, with no significant difference between the predicted and experimental data. The vacuum + MSG (FZM) treatment has a maximum contribution rate of GABA to 38.29%, which significantly increase GABA content, and the increase was associated with increased GAD and PAO activity. In addition, MSG in combination with vacuum treatment could significantly induce VaGAD4 and VaGAD6 genes in 2 days germination of adzuki beans. According to the results of the present study, vacuum + MSG treatment is an effective approach to enhancing GABA accumulation in germinating adzuki beans, which could be employed in enhancing the functional quality of germinating adzuki beans.

Exogenous calcium chloride (CaCl2) promotes γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulation in fresh-cut pears

2021 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 111446
Author(s):  
Zongyu Chi ◽  
Yuqin Dai ◽  
Shifeng Cao ◽  
Yingying Wei ◽  
Xingfeng Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gaba Accumulation ◽  
Exogenous Calcium ◽  
Fresh Cut

Clinically Relevant Concentrations of Propofol but Not Midazolam Alter In Vitro  Dendritic Development of Isolated γ-Aminobutyric Acid-positive Interneurons

2005 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 970-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laszlo Vutskits ◽  
Eduardo Gascon ◽  
Edomer Tassonyi ◽  
Jozsef Zoltan Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Dendritic Growth ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Neuronal Development ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Gabaergic Neurons ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gabaergic Interneurons ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Dendritic Development

Background Recent laboratory studies showed that exposure to supraclinical concentrations of propofol can induce cell death of immature neurons. However, no data are available regarding the effects of clinically relevant concentrations of this agent on neuronal development. The authors addressed this issue by evaluating the effect of propofol on dendritic growth and arbor expansion of developing gamma-aminobutyric acid-positive (GABAergic) interneurons. Methods Immature neuroblasts were isolated from the newborn rat subventricular zone and differentiated into GABAergic interneurons in culture. In addition to cell death, the effects of increasing concentrations and durations of propofol exposure on neuronal dendritic development were evaluated using the following morphologic parameters: total dendritic length, primary dendrites, branching point, and Scholl analysis. Results The authors demonstrate that propofol induced cell death of GABAergic neurons at concentrations of 50 microg/ml or greater. As little as 1 microg/ml propofol significantly altered several aspects of dendritic development, and as little as 4 h of exposure to this agent resulted in a persistent decrease in dendritic growth. In contrast, application of midazolam did not affect neuronal development. Conclusion Short-term exposure of immature developing GABAergic neurons to clinically relevant concentrations of propofol can induce long-term changes in dendritic arbor development. These results suggest that propofol anesthesia during central nervous system development could interfere with the molecular mechanisms driving the differentiation of GABAergic neurons and thus could potentially lead to impairment of neural networks.

scholarly journals Accumulation γ-Aminobutyric Acid and Biogenic Amines in a Traditional Raw Milk Ewe’s Cheese

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosanna Tofalo ◽  
Giorgia Perpetuini ◽  
Noemi Battistelli ◽  
Alessia Pepe ◽  
Andrea Ianni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biogenic Amines ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
A Value ◽  
Gaba Content ◽  
Gaba Accumulation ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The influence of calf (R1), kid (R2) and pig (R3) rennets on microbiota, biogenic amines (BAs) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulation in raw milk ewe’s cheeses was evaluated. Cheeses were investigated at different ripening times for their microbial composition, free amino acids (FAAs), BAs and GABA content. Moreover, the expression of tyrosine (tdc) and histidine (hdc) decarboxylases genes was evaluated by quantitative Real Time–Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Microbial counts showed similar values in all samples. Pig rennet were cheeses were characterized by higher proteolysis and the highest values of BAs. The BAs detected were putrescine, cadaverine and tyramine, while histamine was absent. qRT-PCR confirmed this data, in fact hdc gene was not upregulated, while tdc gene expression increased over time in agreement with the increasing content of tyramine and the highest fold changes were detected in R3 cheeses. GABA showed the highest concentration in R2 cheeses reaching a value of 672 mg/kg. These results showed that the accumulation of BAs and GABA in Pecorino di Farindola is influenced by ripening time and type of coagulant. Further studies are required to develop starter cultures to reduce BAs content and improve health characteristics of raw milk ewe’s cheeses.

scholarly journals β-Aminobutyric Acid Primes an NADPH Oxidase–Dependent Reactive Oxygen Species Production During Grapevine-Triggered Immunity

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1012-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole Dubreuil-Maurizi ◽  
Sophie Trouvelot ◽  
Patrick Frettinger ◽  
Alain Pugin ◽  
David Wendehenne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Defense Gene Expression ◽  
Diphenylene Iodonium ◽  
Signaling Events

The molecular mechanisms underlying the process of priming are poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the early signaling events triggered by β-aminobutyric acid (BABA), a well-known priming-mediated plant resistance inducer. Our results indicate that, in contrast to oligogalacturonides (OG), BABA does not elicit typical defense-related early signaling events nor defense-gene expression in grapevine. However, in OG-elicited cells pretreated with BABA, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and expression of the respiratory-burst oxidase homolog RbohD gene were primed. In response to the causal agent of downy mildew Plasmopara viticola, a stronger ROS production was specifically observed in BABA-treated leaves. This process was correlated with an increased resistance. The NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenylene iodonium (DPI) abolished this primed ROS production and reduced the BABA-induced resistance (BABA-IR). These results suggest that priming of an NADPH oxidase–dependent ROS production contributes to BABA-IR in the Vitis-Plasmopara pathosystem.

Influence of preprocessing methods and fermentation of adzuki beans on γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulation by lactic acid bacteria

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1108-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Chung Liao ◽  
Chung-Yi Wang ◽  
Yuan-Tay Shyu ◽  
Roch-Chui Yu ◽  
Kuo-Chieh Ho
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Gaba Accumulation

scholarly journals Characterization of Genes Involved in γ-Aminobutyric Acid Metabolic Pathways Response to Metabolites Accumulation in Embryos during Barley Germination

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (04) ◽  
pp. 786-794
Author(s):  
Mengyuan Jin
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Succinic Semialdehyde ◽  
Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase ◽  
Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Gaba Content ◽  
Gaba Accumulation

To reveal the key enzyme genes involved in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolic pathways response to elevated metabolite storage in embryos during barley germination, this study investigated the GABA content, cloned GABA metabolic pathway genes and analyzed their expression levels, respectively. In barley embryos, GABA content continued to rise during the soaking process and then decreased after the germination. Three genes including glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), GABA transaminase (GABA-T) and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) involved in the GABA pathway were cloned and characterized from the barley embryos, respectively. Before the germination, the expression of GAD gene was up-regulated, while GABA-T gene expression was down-regulated. After the germination, GAD gene expression was lowered, but GABA-T gene expression was rapidly increased. The SSADH gene expression remained stable after soaking of 4 h, and then down-regulated. There is evidence that the high GABA content in germinating barley seeds is parallel with the upregulation of the GAD gene, and down-regulation of GABA-T gene. These results indicate that the expression level of the genes involved in GABA pathway is a crucial factor in GABA accumulation during soaking and germination. This study is beneficial for the development of GABA-rich barley products by germination. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

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