scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2: The Road Less Traveled—From the Respiratory Mucosa to the Brain

ACS Omega ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayamuruga Pandian Arunachalam ◽  
Anoop U.R. ◽  
Kavita Verma ◽  
Rahini Rajendran ◽  
Subbulakshmi Chidambaram
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Mucosa ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Travel in city road networks follows similar transport trade-off principles to neural and plant arbors

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (154) ◽  
pp. 20190041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Y. Suen ◽  
Saket Navlakha
Keyword(s):  
Pareto Optimality ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
The Road ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Plant Shoots

Both engineered and biological transportation networks face trade-offs in their design. Network users desire to quickly get from one location in the network to another, whereas network planners need to minimize costs in building infrastructure. Here, we use the theory of Pareto optimality to study this design trade-off in the road networks of 101 cities, with wide-ranging population sizes, land areas and geographies. Using a simple one parameter trade-off function, we find that most cities lie near the Pareto front and are significantly closer to the front than expected by alternate design structures. To account for other optimization dimensions or constraints that may be important (e.g. traffic congestion, geography), we performed a higher-order Pareto optimality analysis and found that most cities analysed lie within a region of design space bounded by only four archetypal cities. The trade-offs studied here are also faced and well-optimized by two biological transport networks—neural arbors in the brain and branching architectures of plant shoots—suggesting similar design principles across some biological and engineered transport systems.

scholarly journals Functional Foods: An Approach to Modulate Molecular Mechanisms of Alzheimer’s Disease

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2347
Author(s):  
Anna Atlante ◽  
Giuseppina Amadoro ◽  
Antonella Bobba ◽  
Valentina Latina
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
The Road ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
The Brain

A new epoch is emerging with intense research on nutraceuticals, i.e., “food or food product that provides medical or health benefits including the prevention and treatment of diseases”, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Nutraceuticals act at different biochemical and metabolic levels and much evidence shows their neuroprotective effects; in particular, they are able to provide protection against mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, toxicity of β-amyloid and Tau and cell death. They have been shown to influence the composition of the intestinal microbiota significantly contributing to the discovery that differential microorganisms composition is associated with the formation and aggregation of cerebral toxic proteins. Further, the routes of interaction between epigenetic mechanisms and the microbiota–gut–brain axis have been elucidated, thus establishing a modulatory role of diet-induced epigenetic changes of gut microbiota in shaping the brain. This review examines recent scientific literature addressing the beneficial effects of some natural products for which mechanistic evidence to prevent or slowdown AD are available. Even if the road is still long, the results are already exceptional.

scholarly journals An unusual extra‑axial hypodense lesion mimicking a chronic subdural haematoma

2013 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 216-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Ramnarayan ◽  
T V Anilkumar ◽  
Rani Nayar
Keyword(s):  
Subdural Haematoma ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
Chronic Subdural Haematoma ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Good Recovery ◽  
The Road ◽  
Oncology Treatment ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Dural Lymphoma ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACTA 59-year-old man was found on the road with multiple injuries. CT scan showed a hypodense extra axial lesion in the left fronto‑temporal region suggestive of chronic subdural haematoma. He was treated conservatively but did not improve. He underwent craniectomy after lesion was shown to be increasing in size, only solid tissue was seen which was not biopsied. Patient made good recovery after steroids were put on. He deteriorated again 6 weeks later and radiology showed the frontal lesion without involvement of the brain and with minimal enhancement and mass effect. He underwent biopsy decompression of the lesion with steroids, post‑operatively he improved well, but deteriorated when the steroids were tapered. Histopathology report was Non‑Hodgkin’s lymphoma. No primary was found and the patient died during oncology treatment. This illustrates manifestation of primary dural lymphoma radiologically mimicking chronic subdural haematoma, another common disorder.

scholarly journals The Impact of Head Trauma on Society

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie P. Ivan
Keyword(s):  
Head Trauma ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
The Road ◽  
Management Problems ◽  
Trauma Victims ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Football Field ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain ◽  
At Home

In this address I shall discuss head trauma from an angle which may be unusual for neuroscientists. Our preoccupations are diagnostic challenges and management problems, but that which we experience at the bedside is only a narrow segment of a continuum which started with trauma somewhere in a war, on the road, at home, on the football field, in the boxing ring, and in many other distinct locations. When our role is over, there are only three places where head trauma victims can be found; in cemeteries, where every year, 5,000 new graves are made to accommodate fatal head injuries in Canada; in chronic hospitals, which are already overloaded with victims of various insults to the brain, and, of course, within society, which accepts the fully recovered or tolerates the subtle and not so subtle consequences of so-called ‘minor’ head injuries.

scholarly journals Substance use disorders: leading the road to recovery

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 741-744
Author(s):  
Emily K. Dennis ◽  
Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Opinion Article

Substance use disorders are diseases of the brain that create a dependency to various drugs. This opinion article provides an overview of the treatments available for these disorders and a perspective of what remains to be done on the road to recovery.

scholarly journals Human-Computer Interaction with Special Emphasis on Converting Brain Signals to Speech

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 523-529
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
The Road ◽  
Brain Signals ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Brain

Huge hurdle neuro engineers face on the road to effective brain-computer interfaces is attempting to translate the big selection of signals made by our brain into words pictures which may be simply communicable. The science-fiction plan of having the ability to manage devices or communicate with others simply by thinking is slowly but surely, obtaining nearer to reality. Translating brainwaves into words has been another large challenge for researchers, but again with the help of machine learning algorithms, superb advances are seen in recent years. The exploitation of deep learning and acceptable machine learning algorithms, the management signals from the brain will regenerate to some actions or some speech or text. For this, a neural network is created for the brain and conjointly a mapping is completed to catch all the brain signals in which neural network will be additionally used for changing these signals into actions. From the past literature, it is being concluded that the Deep Neural Networks are one of the main algorithms that are being placed into use for this research. This review article majorly focuses on studying the behavioral patterns generated by the brain signals and how they can be converted into actions effectively so that people suffering from semi or full paralysis can use this technology to live a normal life if not completely but to a certain extent. Also, it focuses on analyzing and drawing a comparison between linear and non-linear models and to conclude the best-suited model for the same currently available to the researchers.

One for the road … and the heart and the brain …

Neuroreport ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. A11
Author(s):  
Kate Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
The Road ◽  
The Brain

2. An Unusual Death due to the Impalement of a Gear Stick into the Brain Stem through the Nasal Cavity

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Nozawa ◽  
Kanako Watanabe ◽  
Osamu Suzuki ◽  
Hiroshi Seno
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Arrest ◽  
Sella Turcica ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

A 59-year-old male was driving a car on the road and was involved in a traffic accident, colliding with a tanker and a big lorry. When an ambulance arrived at the scene, he was in a state of cardiopulmonary arrest and was bleeding profusely from his right nostril. He was confirmed dead at hospital. The autopsy showed a laceration of the right upper lip extending to the right nostril. In the basal skull there was a notable perforation at the ethmoid bone together with the central part of the sphenoid bone including the sella turcica. In accordance with the basal skull bone fractures, there were pronounced contusion injuries at the brain stem and a contusion injury was also observed in the right part of the cerebellum. After careful investigation of a causative stick-like item that was present inside the car, it was concluded that a severe movement of the man's body, as a result of the traffic collision, caused the gear stick which was fixed to the steering wheel to become impaled in the man's right nostril. The gear stick passed through the nasal cavity and into the basal skull bones, resulting in fatal brain stem injuries.

scholarly journals Smart Walking Stick for Blind People

2021 ◽  
pp. 337-344
Author(s):  
Jyoti Rothe ◽  
Sahil Ubhade ◽  
Aditi Lute ◽  
Mayuri Thenge ◽  
Mayur Charpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Vision ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Road ◽  
Information Signal ◽  
Five Senses ◽  
Impaired Person ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Walking Stick

Human beings are having five basic senses: touch, sight, hearing, smell, and taste. When an object comes in contact with any sensing organ an information signal is sent to the brain. The brain processes the signal and helps us to understand and perceive our surroundings. Sight is very important of the five senses. Low vision or blindness has a long lasting effect on all aspects of an individual’s life. Visually impaired person find it difficult detecting obstacles in front of them, during walking within the road, which makes it dangerous. The smart stick is a proposed solution to help enable them to identify the world around. In this paper we propose an answer, represented during a smart persist with infrared sensor to detect stair-cases and pair of ultrasonic sensors to detect the other obstacles in front of the user. Moreover, a sensor at the bottom of the stick is provided for the sake of avoiding puddles. The smart stick will be of low cost, fast response, low power consumption and light weight.

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