Solar Energy Demand (SED) of Commodity Life Cycles

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 5426-5433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedetto Rugani ◽  
Mark A. J. Huijbregts ◽  
Christopher Mutel ◽  
Simone Bastianoni ◽  
Stefanie Hellweg
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Life Cycles

scholarly journals Advances of 2nd Life Applications for Lithium Ion Batteries from Electric Vehicles Based on Energy Demand

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5726
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Wewer ◽  
Pinar Bilge ◽  
Franz Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

Electromobility is a new approach to the reduction of CO2 emissions and the deceleration of global warming. Its environmental impacts are often compared to traditional mobility solutions based on gasoline or diesel engines. The comparison pertains mostly to the single life cycle of a battery. The impact of multiple life cycles remains an important, and yet unanswered, question. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate advances of 2nd life applications for lithium ion batteries from electric vehicles based on their energy demand. Therefore, it highlights the limitations of a conventional life cycle analysis (LCA) and presents a supplementary method of analysis by providing the design and results of a meta study on the environmental impact of lithium ion batteries. The study focuses on energy demand, and investigates its total impact for different cases considering 2nd life applications such as (C1) material recycling, (C2) repurposing and (C3) reuse. Required reprocessing methods such as remanufacturing of batteries lie at the basis of these 2nd life applications. Batteries are used in their 2nd lives for stationary energy storage (C2, repurpose) and electric vehicles (C3, reuse). The study results confirm that both of these 2nd life applications require less energy than the recycling of batteries at the end of their first life and the production of new batteries. The paper concludes by identifying future research areas in order to generate precise forecasts for 2nd life applications and their industrial dissemination.

scholarly journals Optimization of Costs and Self-Sufficiency for Roof Integrated Photovoltaic Technologies on Residential Buildings

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 4018
Author(s):  
Guglielmina Mutani ◽  
Valeria Todeschi
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
The South ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Photovoltaic Technologies

It is common practice, in the production of photovoltaic energy to only use the south-exposed roof surface of a building, in order to achieve the maximum production of solar energy while lowering the costs of the energy and the solar technologies. However, using the south-exposed surface of a roof only allows a small quota of the energy demand to be covered. Roof surfaces oriented in other directions could also be used to better cover the energy load profile. The aim of this work is to investigate the benefits, in terms of costs, self-sufficiency and self-consumption, of roof integrated photovoltaic technologies on residential buildings with different orientations. A cost-optimal analysis has been carried out taking into account the economic incentives for a collective self-consumer configuration. It has emerged, from this analysis, that the better the orientation is, the higher the energy security and the lower the energy costs and those for the installation of photovoltaic technologies. In general, the use of south-facing and north-facing roof surfaces for solar energy production has both economic and energy benefits. The self-sufficiency index can on average be increased by 8.5% through the use of photovoltaic installations in two directions on gable roofs, and the maximum level that can be achieved was on average 41.8, 41.5 and 35.7% for small, medium and large condominiums, respectively. Therefore, it could be convenient to exploit all the potential orientations of photovoltaic panels in cities to improve energy security and to provide significant economic benefits for the residential users.

Development of an Innovative Code for the Design of Different Parabolic Trough Solar Fields

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ennio Macchi ◽  
Giampaolo Manzolini ◽  
Paolo Silva
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Parabolic Trough ◽  
High Solar Radiation ◽  
Power Block ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Solar Field ◽  
Steam Cycle

The role of renewable energies and in particular solar energy could be fundamental in future scenarios of worldwide increase of energy demand: thermodynamic solar energy can play an important role in country with high solar radiation. This paper discusses the development and testing of an innovative code for the prediction of thermodynamic performances at nominal conditions and the estimation of costs of the whole plant, for different parabolic trough solar fields. The code allows a preliminary design of the solar field lay-out, the sizing of the main components of the plant and the optimization of the steam cycle. The code, named PATTO (PArabolic Trough Thermodynamic Optimization), allows to separately calculate the thermal efficiency of (i) parabolic trough systems in commerce as well as (ii) combination of components of various commercial systems, in order to exploit different technology solutions: combination of mirrors, receivers and supports. Using the selected parabolic troughs, the plant configuration is then completed by connecting pipes, heat exchangers, the steam cycle, and storage tanks. The code is also flexible in terms of working fluid, temperature and pressure range. Regarding the power block, a conventional steam cycle with super-heater and re-heater sections and up to seven regenerative bleedings is adopted. It is possible to use also simpler configuration as without re-heater or with less regenerative bleedings. Moreover, thanks to simple or sophisticated economic correlations depending on available data, the code calculates the overall investment cost for the considered solar field and the power block. The code performs steady state analysis at nominal conditions, while future developments are planned regarding part load analysis and transient simulations. The model is tested towards real applications and reference values found in literature; in particular, focusing on SEGS VI plant in the USA. Detailed results showing code potentiality, are presented in terms of solar field and power block energy balances, plant auxiliaries, piping and economic analysis.

scholarly journals Effects of solar energy use on rural community: a study of Boyarjapha village in Paikgachha upazila

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajadul Alam Saimon ◽  
Rakibul Ahasan
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Rural And Remote Areas ◽  
Solar Electricity ◽  
Day By Day

Renewable energy is of great importance for today’s world which is generally produced from natural sources. Countries like Bangladesh has to use this energy to meet their energy demand. Day by day the demand of electricity is increasing in stormy pace but our resource is limited. So using renewable resources i.e. solar power to meet the demand of electricity is highly necessary especially rural and remote areas. This paper examined the nature and extent of solar energy in Boyarjapha village of Paikgachha Upazila of Khulna district to analyse the effects of solar panel in their daily life. Many positive impacts of solar power were found out such as better quality lighting, education, entertainment, communications, business, increasing working hours, women empowerment, increasing awareness etc. There are a few bad effects of solar energy too. But Government intervention is a must to ensure better quality results in coming future. Similarly, government has to take serious steps to advertise solar electricity in remote areas of Bangladesh

SunPower: A Path Toward Strategic Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
Aarti Singh
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Growth Path ◽  
Strategic Choices ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
Solar Power Generation ◽  
And Storage

SunPower Corporation is an American organization working in the solar energy sector specialized in power generation and solar energy storage. This case highlights the strategic growth path of SunPower corporation, which originated as an outcome of effective solar cells production. This case also discussed how the energy sector considers solar energy the vital energy source, and solar energy organizations grow to capture the energy demand. The case also highlights the various consolidations of SunPower in terms of different mergers and acquisitions as essential strategies to succeed. The case also discusses the competitors’ strategy of the top five solar power generation and storage firms, which give a clear view of how different solar firms are building their space in the solar energy sector. With competitors’ discussion, this helps to understand the challenge faced by SunPower to beat the competition among the other solar firms. In the end, the case focused on the ongoing and future strategic choices of SunPower as SunPower Corporation.

Numerical and experimental analysis of parallel-pass forced convection solar air heating wall with different plenum and absorber configurations

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ataollah Khanlari ◽  
Adnan Sözen ◽  
Faraz Afshari ◽  
Azim Doğuş Tuncer ◽  
Ümit Ağbulut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Heating Wall ◽  
Average Deviation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Air Heating ◽  
Simulation Results

Purpose Over the recent years, solar energy has received outstanding attention from researchers. Solar energy applications and related large-scale projects are increasing to meet growing global energy demand as an economical, non-polluting and renewable energy source. The purpose of this study is investigating different plenum and absorber configurations of solar air heating wall (SAHW) experimentally and numerically. Design/methodology/approach In this study, various configurations of SAHW have been numerically simulated to determine the most effective design. According to the simulation results, two SAHWs with various plenum thicknesses have been fabricated and tested at different conditions. Findings Numerical simulation results indicated that parallel-flow SAHWs exhibited better performance in comparison with other placements of absorber plate. Regarding to the experimentally attained results, the highest thermal efficiency was reached to 80.51%. Also, the average deviation between experimentally and numerically obtained outlet temperature is 5.5%. Originality/value Considering the obtained results in the present study, designed SAHW has admissible efficiency to be used in various industrial and residential applications such as; air preheating, space heating and drying.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Energy Balance of Constructions Based on Wood during Their Use in Connection with CO2 Emissions

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4843
Author(s):  
Jozef Švajlenka ◽  
Mária Kozlovská
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Use Phase ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Medium Type ◽  
Heating Medium

In the construction industry, it is the material production phase and the use phase of buildings’ life cycles that represent the greatest environmental burden. The presented research focused on wood constructions during their use phase. The primary objective of the research was to determine the amount of CO2 produced during the operation of specific wood constructions in connection with the energy demand for their heating. A correlation analysis of selected parameters revealed a statistically significant correlation between heating medium type and energy demand for heating (p = −0.5773) and between heating medium type and amount of CO2 produced (p = 0.4796). A more detailed analysis showed that, in terms of the average energy demand for heating, the column constructions were the most efficient among the compared construction systems, regardless of the energy standard. Similar findings were obtained for annual CO2 production in connection with the average energy demand for heating. The only difference was that the panel and log constructions exhibited almost identical parameters, which came as a surprise to some extent. The column constructions turned out to be the most efficient again, regardless of their energy standard. The analysis that focused on the heating medium type revealed statistically significant differences among the heating medium types in energy demand for heating (p < 0.0001). The constructions that used electricity for heating were the most energy-efficient. When the individual characteristics of the different heating media in relation to CO2 production were taken into account, the constructions that were heated using biomass were the least polluting. The constructions heated using electricity and gas showed a significantly greater deviation.

scholarly journals Photovoltaic Solar Energy: Is It Applicable in Brazil? – A Review Applied to Brazilian Case

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-120
Author(s):  
Wilmer Emilio García Moreno ◽  
Andressa Ullmann Duarte ◽  
Litiéle dos Santos ◽  
Rogério Vescia Lourega
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic Solar Energy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Photovoltaic Technologies ◽  
Brazilian Case

AbstractThe photovoltaic technologies have been developed year by year in different countries; however, there are some countries where this kind of energy is being born, such as the Brazilian case. In this paper, some important parameters are analysed and applied to different solar cell materials, identifying that if the fossil fuels were substituted by solar cells, it would reduce the CO2 emissions by 93.2%. In addition, it is shown that the efficiency of solar cells is not as farther as it could be thought from coal thermoelectrical plants in Brazil and the cost of energy using solar cells could be as good as these thermoelectrical plants. Finally, the potentiality of Brazilian territory to implant this technology is presented, identifying that with the use of 0.2% of the territory, the energy demand could be supplied.

scholarly journals Joint Analysis of Cost and Energy Savings for Preliminary Design Alternative Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7507
Author(s):  
Carlo Iapige De Gaetani ◽  
Andrea Macchi ◽  
Pasquale Perri
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Assessment ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Design Alternatives ◽  
The Impact

The building sector plays a central role in addressing the problem of global energy consumption. Therefore, effective design measures need to be taken to ensure efficient usage and management of new structures. The challenging task for designers is to reduce energy demands while maintaining a high-quality indoor environment and low costs of construction and operations. This study proposes a methodological framework that enables decision-makers to resolve conflicts between energy demand and life cycle costs. A case study is analyzed to validate the proposed method, adopting different solutions for walls, roofs, floors, windows, window-to-wall ratios and geographical locations. Models are created on the basis of all the possible combinations between these elements, enriched by their thermal properties and construction/management costs. After the alternative models are defined, energy analyses are carried out for an estimation of consumption. By calculating the total cost of each model as the sum of construction, energy and maintenance costs, a joint analysis is carried out for variable life cycles. The obtained results from the proposed method confirm the importance of a preliminary assessment from both energy and cost points of view, and demonstrate the impact of considering different building life cycles on the choice of design alternatives.

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