Synthesis and in vitro pharmacology of arpromidine and related phenyl(pyridylalkyl)guanidines, a potential new class of positive inotropic drugs

1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1963-1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Buschauer
Keyword(s):  
New Class ◽  
Inotropic Drugs ◽  
In Vitro Pharmacology

Conjugates of Classical DNA/RNA Binder with Nucleobase: Chemical, Biochemical and Biomedical Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (30) ◽  
pp. 5609-5624
Author(s):  
Dijana Saftić ◽  
Željka Ban ◽  
Josipa Matić ◽  
Lidija-Marija Tumirv ◽  
Ivo Piantanida
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Protein Targets ◽  
New Class ◽  
Rna Targets ◽  
Covalently Linked ◽  
Structural Aspects

: Among the most intensively studied classes of small molecules (molecular weight < 650) in biomedical research are small molecules that non-covalently bind to DNA/RNA, and another intensively studied class is nucleobase derivatives. Both classes have been intensively elaborated in many books and reviews. However, conjugates consisting of DNA/RNA binder covalently linked to nucleobase are much less studied and have not been reviewed in the last two decades. Therefore, this review summarized reports on the design of classical DNA/RNA binder – nucleobase conjugates, as well as data about their interactions with various DNA or RNA targets, and even in some cases protein targets are involved. According to these data, the most important structural aspects of selective or even specific recognition between small molecule and target are proposed, and where possible related biochemical and biomedical aspects were discussed. The general conclusion is that this, rather new class of molecules showed an amazing set of recognition tools for numerous DNA or RNA targets in the last two decades, as well as few intriguing in vitro and in vivo selectivities. Several lead research lines show promising advancements toward either novel, highly selective markers or bioactive, potentially druggable molecules.

Anti-Mycobacterial Peroxides: A New Class of Agents for Development Against Tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-402
Author(s):  
Christiaan W. van der Westhuyzen ◽  
Richard K. Haynes ◽  
Jenny-Lee Panayides ◽  
Ian Wiid ◽  
Christopher J. Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Antitubercular Activity ◽  
Organic Peroxide ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Skeletal Myoblast ◽  
Artemisinin Derivatives ◽  
Malaria Therapy ◽  
New Class ◽  
Alternative Approach

Background: With few exceptions, existing tuberculosis drugs were developed many years ago and resistance profiles have emerged. This has created a need for new drugs with discrete modes of action. There is evidence that tuberculosis (like other bacteria) is susceptible to oxidative pressure and this has yet to be properly utilised as a therapeutic approach in a manner similar to that which has proven highly successful in malaria therapy. Objective: To develop an alternative approach to the incorporation of bacterial siderophores that results in the creation of antitubercular peroxidic leads for subsequent development as novel agents against tuberculosis. Methods: Eight novel peroxides were prepared and the antitubercular activity (H37Rv) was compared to existing artemisinin derivatives in vitro. The potential for toxicity was evaluated against the L6 rat skeletal myoblast and HeLa cervical cancer lines in vitro. Results: The addition of a pyrimidinyl residue to an artemisinin or, preferably, a tetraoxane peroxidic structure results in antitubercular activity in vitro. The same effect is not observed in the absence of the pyrimidine or with other heteroaromatic substituents. Conclusion: The incorporation of a pyrimidinyl residue adjacent to the peroxidic function in an organic peroxide results in anti-tubercular activity in an otherwise inactive peroxidic compound. This will be a useful approach for creating oxidative drugs to target tuberculosis.

Evaluation of Cytotoxic and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activities of 2-phenoxy(thiomethyl) pyridotriazolopyrimidines: In Vitro and Molecular Docking Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 1714-1721
Author(s):  
Hatem A. Abuelizz ◽  
El Hassane Anouar ◽  
Mohamed Marzouk ◽  
Mizaton H. Hasan ◽  
Siti R. Saleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Kojic Acid ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Breast Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
New Class ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Tyrosinase Inhibitors ◽  
Mcf 7

Background: The use of tyrosinase has confirmed to be the best means of recognizing safe, effective, and potent tyrosinase inhibitors for whitening skin. Twenty-four 2-phenoxy(thiomethyl)pyridotriazolopyrimidines were synthesized and characterized in our previous studies. Objective: The present work aimed to evaluate their cytotoxicity against HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma), A549 (pulmonary adenocarcinoma), MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma) and WRL 68 (embryonic liver) cell lines. Methods: MTT assay was employed to investigate the cytotoxicity, and a tyrosinase inhibitor screening kit was used to evaluate the Tyrosinase (TYR) inhibitory activity of the targets. Results: The tested compounds exhibited no considerable cytotoxicity, and nine of them were selected for a tyrosinase inhibitory test. Compounds 2b, 2m, and 5a showed good inhibitory percentages against TYR compared to that of kojic acid (reference substance). Molecular docking was performed to rationalize the Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) of the target pyridotriazolopyrimidines and analyze the binding between the docked-selected compounds and the amino acid residues in the active site of tyrosinase. Conclusion: The target pyridotriazolopyrimidines were identified as a new class of tyrosinase inhibitors.

scholarly journals Putative Cooperative ATP–DnaA Binding to Double-Stranded DnaA Box and Single-Stranded DnaA-Trio Motif upon Helicobacter pylori Replication Initiation Complex Assembly

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6643
Author(s):  
Pawel Jaworski ◽  
Dorota Zyla-Uklejewicz ◽  
Malgorzata Nowaczyk-Cieszewska ◽  
Rafal Donczew ◽  
Thorsten Mielke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Replication Initiation ◽  
Dna Unwinding ◽  
Rich Region ◽  
Initiator Protein ◽  
New Class ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
General Architecture ◽  
Dnaa Box

oriC is a region of the bacterial chromosome at which the initiator protein DnaA interacts with specific sequences, leading to DNA unwinding and the initiation of chromosome replication. The general architecture of oriCs is universal; however, the structure of oriC and the mode of orisome assembly differ in distantly related bacteria. In this work, we characterized oriC of Helicobacter pylori, which consists of two DnaA box clusters and a DNA unwinding element (DUE); the latter can be subdivided into a GC-rich region, a DnaA-trio and an AT-rich region. We show that the DnaA-trio submodule is crucial for DNA unwinding, possibly because it enables proper DnaA oligomerization on ssDNA. However, we also observed the reverse effect: DNA unwinding, enabling subsequent DnaA–ssDNA oligomer formation—stabilized DnaA binding to box ts1. This suggests the interplay between DnaA binding to ssDNA and dsDNA upon DNA unwinding. Further investigation of the ts1 DnaA box revealed that this box, together with the newly identified c-ATP DnaA box in oriC1, constitute a new class of ATP–DnaA boxes. Indeed, in vitro ATP–DnaA unwinds H. pylori oriC more efficiently than ADP–DnaA. Our results expand the understanding of H. pylori orisome formation, indicating another regulatory pathway of H. pylori orisome assembly.

scholarly journals Adhesion G Protein–Coupled Receptors: From In Vitro Pharmacology to In Vivo Mechanisms

2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly R. Monk ◽  
Jörg Hamann ◽  
Tobias Langenhan ◽  
Saskia Nijmeijer ◽  
Torsten Schöneberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
In Vitro Pharmacology ◽  
G Protein Coupled

scholarly journals Facile and Promising Method for Michael Addition of Indole and Pyrrole to Electron-Deficienttrans-β-Nitroolefins Catalyzed by a Hydrogen Bond Donor Catalyst Feist’s Acid and Preliminary Study of Antimicrobial Activity

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah M. A. Al Majid ◽  
Mohammad Shahidul Islam ◽  
Assem Barakat ◽  
Mohamed H. M. Al-Agamy ◽  
Mu. Naushad
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Michael Addition ◽  
Hydrogen Bond Donor ◽  
New Class ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Cooperative Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
The Michael Addition

The importance of cooperative hydrogen-bonding effects has been demonstrated using novel 3-methylenecyclopropane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid (Feist’s acid (FA)) as hydrogen bond donor catalysts for the addition of indole and pyrrole totrans-β-nitrostyrene derivatives. Because of the hydrogen bond donor (HBD) ability, Feist’s acid (FA) has been introduced as a new class of hydrogen bond donor catalysts for the activation of nitroolefin towards nucleophilic substitution reaction. It has effectively catalyzed the Michael addition of indoles and pyrrole toβ-nitroolefins under optimum reaction condition to furnish the corresponding Michael adducts in good to excellent yields (up to 98%). The method is general, atom-economical, convenient, and eco-friendly and could provide excellent yields and regioselectivities. Some newly synthesized compounds were for examinedin vitroantimicrobial activity and their preliminary results are reported.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Susceptibility to Bevirimat in Isolates from HIV-1-Infected Patients without Prior Exposure to Bevirimat

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 2345-2353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas A. Margot ◽  
Craig S. Gibbs ◽  
Michael D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Viruses ◽  
Gag Polyprotein ◽  
New Class ◽  
Major Mutation ◽  
Hiv Drugs ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Bevirimat (BVM) is the first of a new class of anti-HIV drugs with a novel mode of action known as maturation inhibitors. BVM inhibits the last cleavage of the Gag polyprotein by HIV-1 protease, leading to the accumulation of the p25 capsid-small peptide 1 (SP1) intermediate and resulting in noninfectious HIV-1 virions. Early clinical studies of BVM showed that over 50% of the patients treated with BVM did not respond to treatment. We investigated the impact of prior antiretroviral (ARV) treatment and/or natural genetic diversity on BVM susceptibility by conducting in vitro phenotypic analyses of viruses made from patient samples. We generated 31 recombinant viruses containing the entire gag and protease genes from 31 plasma samples from HIV-1-infected patients with (n = 21) or without (n = 10) prior ARV experience. We found that 58% of the patient isolates tested had a >10-fold reduced susceptibility to BVM, regardless of the patient's ARV experience or the level of isolate resistance to protease inhibitors. Analysis of mutants with site-directed mutations confirmed the role of the V370A SP1 polymorphism (SP1-V7A) in resistance to BVM. Furthermore, we demonstrated for the first time that a capsid polymorphism, V362I (CA protein-V230I), is also a major mutation conferring resistance to BVM. In contrast, none of the previously defined resistance-conferring mutations in Gag selected in vitro (H358Y, L363M, L363F, A364V, A366V, or A366T) were found to occur among the viruses that we analyzed. Our results should be helpful in the design of diagnostics for prediction of the potential benefit of BVM treatment in HIV-1-infected patients.

scholarly journals Easy-To-Access Quinolone Derivatives Exhibiting Antibacterial and Anti-Parasitic Activities

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1141
Author(s):  
Richard M. Beteck ◽  
Audrey Jordaan ◽  
Ronnett Seldon ◽  
Dustin Laming ◽  
Heinrich C. Hoppe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Protozoan Parasites ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei Brucei ◽  
New Class ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
Host Infection ◽  
Eskape Pathogens ◽  
Quinolone Derivatives ◽  
Lipophilic Character

The cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has a unique structural organisation, comprising a high lipid content mixed with polysaccharides. This makes cell wall a formidable barrier impermeable to hydrophilic agents. In addition, during host infection, Mtb resides in macrophages within avascular necrotic granulomas and cavities, which shield the bacterium from the action of most antibiotics. To overcome these protective barriers, a new class of anti-TB agents exhibiting lipophilic character have been recommended by various reports in literature. Herein, a series of lipophilic heterocyclic quinolone compounds was synthesised and evaluated in vitro against pMSp12::GFP strain of Mtb, two protozoan parasites (Plasmodium falciparum and Trypanosoma brucei brucei) and against ESKAPE pathogens. The resultant compounds exhibited varied anti-Mtb activity with MIC90 values in the range of 0.24–31 µM. Cross-screening against P. falciparum and T.b. brucei, identified several compounds with antiprotozoal activities in the range of 0.4–20 µM. Compounds were generally inactive against ESKAPE pathogens, with only compounds 8c, 8g and 13 exhibiting moderate to poor activity against S. aureus and A. baumannii.

scholarly journals In Vitro Pharmacodynamics of the New Ketolides HMR 3004 and HMR 3647 (Telithromycin) against Chlamydia pneumoniae

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1846-1849 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Gustafsson ◽  
E. Hjelm ◽  
O. Cars
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Chlamydia Pneumoniae ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Intracellular Pathogen ◽  
Maximal Effect ◽  
Subinhibitory Concentration ◽  
Killing Effect ◽  
New Class ◽  
Unit Reduction

ABSTRACT The ketolides HMR 3004 and HMR 3647 (telithromycin) are a new class of macrolides that have a potential clinical efficacy against intracellular pathogens. The objectives of this study were to investigate the MIC, minimum bactericidal concentration, and time-dependent killing of two Chlamydia pneumoniaestrains of the two ketolides. The killing effect was also studied with a newly developed intracellular in vitro kinetic model. Furthermore, HMR 3647 was studied for the effect of a subinhibitory concentration of 0.5 times the MIC after a preexposure of 10 times the MIC during 12 h. The MICs for both strains were 0.0039 and 0.0156 mg/liter for HMR 3004 and HMR 3647, respectively. Killing with 10 times the MIC was time dependent, increasing from a 1-log-unit decrease in the number of inclusions per well at 48 h to a maximal effect of 2.8-log-unit decrease after 96 h. A preexposure of 10 times the MIC of HMR 3647 for 12 h followed by a subinhibitory concentration of 0.5 times the MIC increased the killing effect to a 1.2-log-unit reduction in inclusions per well. An exposure for 12 h gave poor reduction of inclusions, while a static dose of 10 times the MIC for 72 h showed a 2.2-log-unit reduction in inclusions per well. In the kinetic model, a small number of inclusions were detected after 72 h by one exposure of 10 times the MIC. Regrowth could not be detected after 120 h. The ketolides HMR 3004 and HMR 3647 have bactericidal activity and show a significant sub-MIC effect on the intracellular pathogenC. pneumoniae.

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